FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF COMPRESSION MOULDED KENAF POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Faiizin Abdul Aziz ◽  
Azmi Ibrahim ◽  
Zakiah Ahmad ◽  
Rozana Dahan
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Bast Fibre ◽  
Polyethylene Composite ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Kenaf Bast

The use of natural fibres at high percentages of loading in thermoplastic composites for the production of sustainable and green materials in consumer goods, furniture, automotive industry and construction industry is encourage. Several studies have been conducted by many researchers to improve the mechanical properties of the fibres and the fibre-matrix interface for better bonding and load transfer especially when high fibre loading is used. The natural fibre hydrophilic properties make the poor interface and poor resistance to moisture absorption when used to reinforce hydrophobic matrices. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of different surface treatment of kenaf bast fibre on the flexural strength of kenaf polyethylene composite (KPC). These composites, made using high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as the matrix polymer, kenaf core and kenaf bast fibre as the reinforcing filler at different percentages of filler and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) as compatibilizing agents. Overall, KPCs with bast fibre treated with 0.06M MgCl2 and 0.06M NaOH enhanced the flexural strength of the composites as compared to untreated bast fibre in the composite. Besides, the flexural properties of the KPCs significantly decreased with increasing kenaf bast fibre content, due to the reduction of interface bond between the fibre and matrix.  

Effect of Fiber Treatment on the Fiber Strength of Kenaf Bast Fiber as Reinforcing Material in Polymer Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Faiizin Abdul Aziz ◽  
Ibrahim Azmi ◽  
Zakiah Ahmad ◽  
Rozana Mohd Dahan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Kenaf Fibers

The use of natural fibers at high percentages of loading in thermoplastic composites for the production of sustainable and green materials in consumer goods, furniture, automotive industry and construction industry is emerging. Several studies have been conducted by many researchers to improve the mechanical properties of the fibers and the fiber-matrix interface for better bonding and load transfer especially when high fiber loading is used. The natural fiber hydrophilic properties make the poor interface and poor resistance to moisture absorption when used to reinforce hydrophobic matrices. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of different surface treatment namely magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on the properties of kenaf fiber for different molarities. Morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and tensile properties of kenaf fibers after different surface treatment are evaluated. Results showed that the treatment on kenaf fibers has removed the hydroxyl group in cellulose and increase the surface roughness which resulted in the improvement of the tensile properties of kenaf fibers as compared to untreated kenaf fibers.

scholarly journals Effect of Fibre Orientation on the Tensile and Flexural Properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Angle-Ply Laminated Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Fibre Orientation ◽  
Laminated Composites ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Binding Strength ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced

The present work is aimed at studying glass fibre reinforced epoxy angle-ply laminated composites under in-plane and out-of-plane loads. Three symmetric laminates were fabricated at different combination of fibre ply orientations through a simple hand layup technique. The prepared laminates were characterized for tensile and flexural strength measurements according to the ASTM standards D3039 and D7264, respectively. Symmetric laminates consisting of fibre plies orienting in the direction of applied load have demonstrated greater resistance against tensile loads, whereas laminate system consisting of adjacent plies oriented in different angles promoted binding strength of the matrix which in turn resulted in enhanced flexural strength values.

Bending performance enhancement by nanoparticles for FFF 3D printed nylon and nylon/Kevlar composites

2020 ◽  
pp. 002199832096352
Author(s):  
Yachao Wang ◽  
Jing Shi ◽  
Zhihui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Bending Performance ◽  
Bending Modulus ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
3D Printed

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) has been a major 3D printing technique for making thermoplastic products for decades. However, FFF printing for thermoplastic composites with aligned continuous fibers has been reported with limited success for only several years. In this study, we introduce an enhanced FFF-based approach by incorporating nanoparticles to the thermoplastic composites with continuous fibers. Our investigation focuses on the bending properties of FFF-printed fiber reinforced composites with and without nanoparticles. With Nylon 6 (PA 6) being the matrix material, nanocomposite filaments are obtained by adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nano platelets (GNPs), or amino (NH2-) functionalized GNPs. Various PA 6 matrix nanocomposite filaments are prepared through mixing and filament extrusion process. The nanocomposite filaments are then 3D printed with or without continuous Kevlar fiber prepreg filaments. For 3D printed pure PA 6, the addition of 1 wt% GNP-NH2 increases the flexural strength and bending modulus by 334% and 315%, respectively. For 3D printed PA 6/Kevlar composite, the addition of 1 wt% GNP-NH2 increases the flexural strength and bending modulus by 195% and 35%, respectively. However, the addition of CNTs or GNPs (up to 1 wt%) is less effective as compared with GNP-NH2. The underlying mechanisms are discussed based on the matrix/fiber interfacial analysis.

Flexural Properties of T700 2D Cf/SiC Composites via Precursor Infiltration and Pyrolysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 816 ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Xin Ma ◽  
Xin Bo He ◽  
Hai Feng Hu ◽  
Yu Di Zhang ◽  
Yong Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Rough Surface ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Internal Defects ◽  
Plain Weave ◽  
Sic Composites

2D Cf/SiC composites were prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process with spreaded T700-12K plain weave carbon clothes as the reinforcement. The mechanical properties and microstructures were investigated. The composites are compact with few internal defects since the precursor could infiltrate the preform effectively. CVD-PyC interface modified the surface of T700 carbon fiber, a rough surface is helpful for the interfacial combination and the load transfer. For the Cf/PyC/SiC composites, the flexural strength and flexural modulus were 425±23.2 MPa and 36.3±3.1 GPa, respectively.

scholarly journals Determination of Mean Intrinsic Flexural Strength and Coupling Factor of Natural Fiber Reinforcement in Polylactic Acid Biocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarrés ◽  
Oliver-Ortega ◽  
Espinach ◽  
Mutjé ◽  
Delgado-Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Rule Of Mixtures ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Modified Equation

This paper is focused on the flexural properties of bleached kraft softwood fibers, bio-based, biodegradable, and a globally available reinforcement commonly used in papermaking, of reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites. The matrix, polylactic acid, is also a bio-based and biodegradable polymer. Flexural properties of composites incorporating percentages of reinforcement ranging from 15 to 30 wt % were measured and discussed. Another objective was to evaluate the strength of the interface between the matrix and the reinforcements, using the rule of mixtures to determine the coupling factor. Nonetheless, this rule of mixtures presents two unknowns, the coupling factor and the intrinsic flexural strength of the reinforcement. Hence, applying a ratio between the tensile and flexural intrinsic strengths and a defined fiber tensile and flexural strength factors, derived from the rule of mixtures is proposed. The literature lacks a precise evaluation of the intrinsic tensile strength of the reinforcements. In order to obtain such intrinsic tensile strength, we used the Kelly and Tyson modified equation as well as the solution provided by Bowyer and Bader. Finally, we were able to characterize the intrinsic flexural strengths of the fibers when used as reinforcement of polylactic acid.

Transverse and Longitudinal Flexural Properties of Untreated and Maleic Anhydride Treated Kenaf Bast Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
S.F. Zhafer ◽  
A.R. Rozyanty ◽  
S.B.S. Shahnaz ◽  
Luqman Musa ◽  
A. Zuliahani
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Bast Fiber ◽  
Bast Fibers ◽  
Polyester Composites ◽  
Kenaf Bast Fibers ◽  
Kenaf Bast ◽  
Kenaf Bast Fiber

Kenaf bast fibers were prepared into two types as untreated and maleic anhydride (MA) treated. Unsaturated polyester (UPE) resin was used as matrix and applied onto the kenaf bast fibers using hand lay-up method. Transverse and longitudinal flexural properties of unidirectional long kenaf bast fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester composites were performed and the effect of fiber modification and loading were studied. It is found that the transverse flexural strength of both types of composites decreases with the increasing of kenaf loading. Contrary, longitudinal flexural strength of both composites increases with the increasing of kenaf loading. Improved transverse and longitudinal flexural properties are shown by MA treatment of kenaf bast fiber. The interactions between fiber and matrix of fractured flexural surface were also observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Room and Elevated Temperature Mechanical Properties of Hot-Pressed Uni-Cf/SiO2 Composite

2007 ◽  
Vol 546-549 ◽  
pp. 1509-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Zhou ◽  
Shi Wei Wang ◽  
Xiao Xian Huang ◽  
Jing Kun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Silica Matrix ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Catastrophic Failure ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fracture Features

Unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced fused silica (uni-Cf/SiO2) composite was prepared by slurry infiltration and hot-pressing. The room and elevated temperatures flexural properties were investigated and the fracture features of the composite were observed. This composite exhibited non-catastrophic failure at room and elevated temperatures. The oxidation of carbon fiber at elevated temperatures was the main reason for the degradation of flexural strength and elastic modulus. The flexural strength tested at 1200 was 376MPa and exhibited anomalously higher than that at 1000 (277MPa), which was attributed to the viscous flow of fused silica matrix and therefore the occurrence of microcracking in the matrix was deferred. And it was inferred that the brittle to plastic transition temperature (Tb-p) of uni-Cf/SiO2 composite corresponded to a certain temperature around 1200°C.

Preparation of Electron Transparent Metal-Matrix Composites

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 334-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Pinnel ◽  
A. Lawley
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The One

Numerous phenomenological descriptions of the mechanical behavior of composite materials have been developed. There is now an urgent need to study and interpret deformation behavior, load transfer, and strain distribution, in terms of micromechanisms at the atomic level. One approach is to characterize dislocation substructure resulting from specific test conditions by the various techniques of transmission electron microscopy. The present paper describes a technique for the preparation of electron transparent composites of aluminum-stainless steel, such that examination of the matrix-fiber (wire), or interfacial region is possible. Dislocation substructures are currently under examination following tensile, compressive, and creep loading. The technique complements and extends the one other study in this area by Hancock.The composite examined was hot-pressed (argon atmosphere) 99.99% aluminum reinforced with 15% volume fraction stainless steel wire (0.006″ dia.).Foils were prepared so that the stainless steel wires run longitudinally in the plane of the specimen i.e. the electron beam is perpendicular to the axes of the wires. The initial step involves cutting slices ∼0.040″ in thickness on a diamond slitting wheel.

Deformation at interfaces of Ti-6Al-4V/SiC fiber composites

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-159
Author(s):  
Warren J. Moberly ◽  
Daniel B. Miracle ◽  
S. Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Sic Fiber ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Intermetallic Matrix Composites

Titanium-aluminum alloy metal matrix composites (MMC) and Ti-Al intermetallic matrix composites (IMC), reinforced with continuous SCS6 SiC fibers are leading candidates for high temperature aerospace applications such as the National Aerospace Plane (NASP). The nature of deformation at fiber / matrix interfaces is characterized in this ongoing research. One major concern is the mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the Ti-based matrix and the SiC fiber. This can lead to thermal stresses upon cooling down from the temperature incurred during hot isostatic pressing (HIP), which are sufficient to cause yielding in the matrix, and/or lead to fatigue from the thermal cycling that will be incurred during application, A second concern is the load transfer, from fiber to matrix, that is required if/when fiber fracture occurs. In both cases the stresses in the matrix are most severe at the interlace.

scholarly journals Effects of Water and Chemical Solutions Ageing on the Physical, Mechanical, Thermal and Flammability Properties of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4581
Author(s):  
Baljinder K. Kandola ◽  
S. Ilker Mistik ◽  
Wiwat Pornwannachai ◽  
A. Richard Horrocks
Keyword(s):  
Salt Water ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Wool Fibre ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Chemical Solutions ◽  
Pp Composites

Biocomposites comprising a combination of natural fibres and bio-based polymers are good alternatives to those produced from synthetic components in terms of sustainability and environmental issues. However, it is well known that water or aqueous chemical solutions affect natural polymers/fibres more than the respective synthetic components. In this study the effects of water, salt water, acidic and alkali solutions ageing on water uptake, mechanical properties and flammability of natural fibre-reinforced polypropylene (PP) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites were compared. Jute, sisal and wool fibre- reinforced PP and PLA composites were prepared using a novel, patented nonwoven technology followed by the hot press method. The prepared composites were aged in water and chemical solutions for up to 3 week periods. Water absorption, flexural properties and the thermal and flammability performances of the composites were investigated before and after ageing each process. The effect of post-ageing drying on the retention of mechanical and flammability properties has also been studied. A linear relationship between irreversible flexural modulus reduction and water adsorption/desorption was observed. The aqueous chemical solutions caused further but minor effects in terms of moisture sorption and flexural modulus changes. PLA composites were affected more than the respective PP composites, because of their hydrolytic sensitivity. From thermal analytical results, these changes in PP composites could be attributed to ageing effects on fibres, whereas in PLA composite changes related to both those of fibres present and of the polymer. Ageing however, had no adverse effect on the flammability of the composites.

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