SKIN TEST REACTIVITY TO BEE HIVE PRODUCTS (HONEY BEES, HONEY, ROYAL JELLY AND POLLEN)

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Shihah Abdullah ◽  
Nasuruddin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Positive Skin Prick Test ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Skin Test Reactivity ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Allergen Extracts

Bee hive products such as honey bees, honey, royal jelly and pollen are widely consumed as a health supplement. There has been several cases of allergic reactions to bee hive products reported worldwide. Consumption of bee hive products is common among Malaysians, but the degree of its sensitization is not known. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of skin test reactivity to Apis mellifera, domesticated locally and the bee hive products such as honey bees, honey, royal jelly and pollen among a group of volunteers. Four types of honey collected from different locations with different plant sources; one sample of imported honey from Australia, one sample of royal jelly, four different sources of bee pollen, and honey bee derivatives were used to prepare allergen extracts for skin testing. 2522 volunteers were skin tested to these allergen extracts. 271 (10.75%) of the subjects had a positive skin prick test result to at least one honey bee derivative or bee hive product allergen. Individuals with skin test positivity to honey bee are most likely to be sensitized to bee pollen followed by honey and royal jelly. Skin test reactivity to honey bee and bee hive products is prevailed to be high in Malaysia. This study has proven that bee hive products sensitization individuals are mostly to be also sensitized to honey bees. Therefore, is recommended these allergens to be included in the skin prick panel

scholarly journals Transcriptional Control of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Major Royal Jelly Proteins by 20-Hydroxyecdysone

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Winkler ◽  
Frank Sieg ◽  
Anja Buttstedt
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Adult Worker ◽  
Gene Expression Dynamics

One of the first tasks of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) during their lifetime is to feed the larval offspring. In brief, young workers (nurse bees) secrete a special food jelly that contains a large amount of unique major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs). The regulation of mrjp gene expression is not well understood, but the large upregulation in well-fed nurse bees suggests a tight repression until, or a massive induction upon, hatching of the adult worker bees. The lipoprotein vitellogenin, the synthesis of which is regulated by the two systemic hormones 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone, is thought to be a precursor for the production of MRJPs. Thus, the regulation of mrjp expression by the said systemic hormones is likely. This study focusses on the role of 20-hydroxyecdysone by elucidating its effect on mrjp gene expression dynamics. Specifically, we tested whether 20-hydroxyecdysone displayed differential effects on various mrjps. We found that the expression of the mrjps (mrjp1–3) that were finally secreted in large amounts into the food jelly, in particular, were down regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment, with mrjp3 showing the highest repression value.

THE CUTANEOUS REACTION TO EGGWHITE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1015
Author(s):  
Richard L. London ◽  
Jerome Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Intradermal Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Number Of Patients

A study of 400 allergic patients of all ages, who were skin tested with eggwhite, is reported. The authors agree with those who believe that a positive reaction in infants who have in no known way been exposed to eggwhite after birth is in all probability due to intrauterine sensitization. There is a possibility, however, that some reactions to eggwhite may be due to a primary histamine or serotonin releasing substance present in the eggwhite which has no relationship to antigen-antibody reaction. The circumstances under which this takes place are not known. In all age groups the family history was positive in about 65% of cases. It was surprising to find, in view of previous opinions, that in the youngest age group (infants up to 2 years of age), the skin test was positive in less than half the patients (42%) in the presence of clinical sensitivity. It was also unexpected to find that the number of patients clinically sensitive to eggwhite but giving negative skin tests increased as age advanced. This justifies the common practice of eliminating egg as a trial measure in the diet of the first age group, regardless of the results of skin testing, and suggests that this should be done in any age group where food is considered a possible etiologic factor. In the youngest age group somewhat more than one-third (34%) of the patients reacted positively to eggwhite but were not clinically sensitive. This finding was completely unexpected as it had been thought that in this age group a positive skin test to eggwhite was practically pathognomonic of clinical sensitivity. In this study more positive reactions in children to eggwhite were obtained (70.5%) than in a somewhat comparable series where the incidence was much less (20%). We attribute this to the fact that in our series both scratch and intradermal tests were made while in the other series only scratch tests were done. This reflects the greater sensitivity of the intradermal test. Only about half the patients of all ages who react to eggwhite are also clinically sensitive. Attention is drawn to a theory which explains why a positive cutaneous test to a food, as eggwhite, may be clinically significant in atopic dermatitis even though the test (wheal reaction) does not reproduce the type of dermatitis being studied. There was no definite evidence, because the number of cases studied is far too small, to indicate that the severity of asthma which may ultimately develop in infants not asthmatic at the time of skin testing is proportional to the strength of the initial reaction to eggwhite.

scholarly journals Tuberculin Skin Testing Boosts Interferon Gamma Responses to DIVA Reagents in Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Jones ◽  
Mick Coad ◽  
Bhagwati Khatri ◽  
Javier Bezos ◽  
Natalie A. Parlane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Test Scenario ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bcg Vaccination

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination sensitizes cattle to bovine tuberculin, which compromises the use of the current bovine tuberculosis (TB) surveillance tests. Although the performance of a blood test (that utilizes antigens expressed by Mycobacterium bovis but not by BCG) capable of discriminating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA interferon gamma test [DIT]) has been evaluated in naturally infected TB field reactors, there is a need to perform similar analysis in a BCG-vaccinated M. bovis-infected population. Furthermore, we explored different scenarios under which a DIT may be implemented alongside BCG vaccination: (i) serial testing to resolve potential false-positive skin test results or (ii) a standalone test to replace the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) skin test. Our results demonstrated significantly better relative test sensitivity when the DIT was evaluated in a serial test scenario. Direct comparison of pre- and post-skin test blood samples revealed that the SICCT test induced significant boosting of the gamma interferon response in M. bovis-infected animals to both the ESAT-6–CFP-10 and Rv3615c peptide cocktails that comprise the DIT, which persisted for the ESAT-6–CFP-10 reagent for at least 14 days. Importantly, no similar boosting effects were observed in noninfected BCG vaccinates, suggesting that DIVA blood testing after a recent skin test would have minimal impact on test specificity.

scholarly journals Development of Apis cerana District Extractor with innovation of Machinery and Pest control in Kumelembuai Village

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Joice J.I. Rompas ◽  
Betsy Agustina Naomi Pinaria ◽  
Ventje V. Memah
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
The Village

This study aims to: 1). Knowing the development of Apis Cerana Honey BeesF.with extractor engine innovation 2). Control of pests that attack honey bees 3). Obtain products from honeybeesApis Cerana F.produced 4). Predict to what extent the quantity and quality of royal jelly products Apis cerana F.produced in the development of beekeeping in North Sulawesi, especially Kumelembuai Village, South Minahasa Regency. This research is expected to develop beekeeping in North Sulawesi, specifically the local bee Apis cerana in Kumelembuai Village. The benefits obtained from beekeeping development activities include increasing the income and nutritional quality of the community from beekeeping products such as honey, pollen, royal jelly, beeswax, propolis, bee venom. Conservation of natural resources, honey bees play an important role in helping the process of pollinating plants, in addition to beekeeping activities can also increase public awareness to participate in conservation efforts. North Sulawesi, especially in the village of Kumelembuai, can be developed using the methodqueen rearing best because it has bright prospects for cultivation in North Sulawesi. Honey bee cultivation is very profitable, in addition to increasing agricultural production (crop yields) and producing products from beesApis cerana namely honey, royal jelly, tepung sari, propolis, wax, bee venom which can all be utilized for human welfare. A number of studies have been carried out by various parties who feel an interest in the development of beekeeping, but the research conducted is still partial and limited to one or two environmental components, not integrated yet. It is hoped that this research can produce the best methods for developing beekeeping in the North Sulawesi kumelembu village. The research location will be conducted in the village of Kumelembuai, South Minahasa regency, North Sulawesi. Laboratory analysis is focused on the content of royal jelly products produced by honey bees Apis cerana F. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion in this study are as follows. 1. Research of the four methods namely Supersedure, Emergency cell, Miller and Doolittle produce superior methods, namely the method Emergency cell. 2. In the methodemergency cell artificial feeds provide queen cell formation and productionroyal jelly with a composition of 100 grams of sugar and 200 grams of water both cane sugar and palm sugar are higher than other treatments, although not significantly different. 3. Artificial feed with a composition of 200 grams of cane sugar and 200 grams of water gives a good effect on the fat content of royal jelly Apis cerana in the method emergency cell. 4. Product of royal jelly as a result of panelist evaluationin this study showed that the preferred odor was not pungent, slightly acidic and sticky taste on the tongue and the white color of the product of royal jelly honey bee Apis cerana

Skin testing in allergy

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 366-368
Author(s):  
Gayatri Patel ◽  
Carol Saltoun
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Test Reaction ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Intradermal Testing ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity

Skin tests are used in addition to a directed history and physical examination to exclude or confirm immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis, to aeroallergens, foods, insect venoms, and certain drugs. There are two types of skin testing used in clinical practice: percutaneous testing (prick or puncture) and intracutaneous testing (intradermal). Prick testing involves introducing a needle into the upper layers of the skin through a drop of allergen extract that has been placed on the skin and gently lifting the epidermis up. Various devices are available for prick testing. Intracutaneous (intradermal) testing involves injecting a small amount of allergen into the dermis. The release of preformed histamine from mast cells causes increased vascular permeability via smooth-muscle contraction and development of a wheal; inflammatory mediators initiate a neural reflex, which causes vasodilatation, which leads to erythema (the flare). Prick testing methods are the initial technique for detecting the presence of IgE. These may correlate better with clinical sensitivity and are more specific but less sensitive than intradermal testing. Sites of skin testing include the back and the volar aspect of the arm. By skin testing on the arm, the patient can witness the emergence and often sense the pruritus of the skin test reaction. Because more patients are sensitized (have IgE antibodies and positive skin test reactions) than have corresponding symptoms, the diagnosis of allergy can be made only by correlating skin testing results with the presence of clinical symptoms.

scholarly journals Manganese metabolism in the body of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) at different periods of ontogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (93) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Y. Kovalskyi ◽  
L. Kovalska ◽  
P. Golovach ◽  
V. V. Fedak ◽  
A. I. Druzhbiak
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
National University ◽  
A Cell ◽  
One Year

The results of studies of manganese metabolism in honey bees are presented. The study was conducted in conditions of the department of technology of production and processing of small animals of Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lvivy. In the course of work the material selected on an educational apiary of university was investigated and in some apiaries of Lviv region. In particular, samples of different species were taken for study pollen. The study was pollen, which was selected after 15 days of storage in the hive. Along with this, the material for the study was honey, royal jelly, wax. From the biological material we studied the mineral composition of larvae and bees stages of adults of different ages and genders. One-day-old worker bees and drones in May, August, and December were selected to determine seasonal change and sex differences. Research of age changes in larvae 3 and 6 days of age were carried out by sampling biological material from 5 bee families of equal strength and feeding regime. A frame was used to obtain a one-year-old brood - an insulator in which a cell with a uterus for laying eggs was placed. After the bees come out of the cells they were placed in one family. The main sources of its entry into the body have been studied. It is established that the largest amount of manganese is contained in samples of dandelion and winter oilseed rape and is 4.5 mg/100 g of pollen. The smallest amount of Manganese 1.87 mg/100 was recorded in clover skin g. The insignificant content of Manganese in bee pollen from buckwheat of 2.32 mg/100 g. Manganese metabolism in the body of honey bees at different stages of ontogenesis has been studied. In particular, the chemical composition of muscle fibers of adult bees, larvae of different ages was studied. the content of this element in different departments of insects. The dynamics of manganese accumulation is observed not only depending on sex, age, season of the year, and also on physiological features of bee families. The content of Manganese in the main products of beekeeping: royal jelly, honey, wax and bee pollen. According to research, the main number Manganese in the body of honey bees is contained in the cuticle – the outer skeleton that covers it body and chitinous formations that make up the internal skeleton. Its amount averages 1.78 mg/100 g. In the body of the bee, the manganese content varies widely.

scholarly journals High royal jelly production does not impact the gut microbiome of honey bees

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Damico ◽  
Olav Rueppell ◽  
Zack Shaffer ◽  
Bin Han ◽  
Kasie Raymann
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Neurological Differences

Abstract Background Honey bees are not only essential for pollination services, but are also economically important as a source of hive products (e.g., honey, royal jelly, pollen, wax, and propolis) that are used as foods, cosmetics, and alternative medicines. Royal jelly is a popular honey bee product with multiple potential medicinal properties. To boost royal jelly production, a long-term genetic selection program of Italian honey bees (ITBs) in China has been performed, resulting in honey bee stocks (here referred to as RJBs) that produce an order of magnitude more royal jelly than ITBs. Although multiple studies have investigated the molecular basis of increased royal jelly yields, one factor that has not been considered is the role of honey bee-associated gut microbes. Results Based on the behavioral, morphological, physiological, and neurological differences between RJBs and ITBs, we predicted that the gut microbiome composition of RJBs bees would differ from ITBs. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the bacterial composition of RJB and ITB workers from an urban location and RJBs from a rural location in China. Based on 16S rRNA gene profiling, we did not find any evidence that RJBs possess a unique bacterial gut community when compared to ITBs. However, we observed differences between honey bees from the urban versus rural sites. Conclusions Our results suggest that the environmental factors rather than stock differences are more important in shaping the bacterial composition in honey bee guts. Further studies are needed to investigate if the observed differences in relative abundance of taxa between the urban and rural bees correspond to distinct functional capabilities that impact honey bee health. Because the lifestyle, diet, and other environmental variables are different in rural and urban areas, controlled studies are needed to determine which of these factors are responsible for the observed differences in gut bacterial composition between urban and rural honeybees.

scholarly journals Skin Test Reactivity and Cellular Immune Responses toMycobacterium avium Sensitin in AIDS Patients at Risk for Disseminated M. avium Infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1277-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fordham von Reyn ◽  
Paige L. Williams ◽  
Howard M. Lederman ◽  
J. Allen McCutchan ◽  
Susan L. Koletar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Skin Test Reactivity ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Avium Infection ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Proliferation Assays

ABSTRACT Skin tests and lymphocyte proliferation assays (LPA) were performed with Mycobacterium avium sensitin on patients with AIDS. Among 139 subjects, 13% had positive skin test results and 32% had positive LPA results. The LPA may be a more sensitive indicator of prior M. avium infection in this population.

INFLUENCE OF AGE AND POPULATION SIZE ON OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT, AND OF TROPHALLAXIS ON OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT AND VITELLOGENIN TITRES OF QUEENLESS WORKER HONEY BEE (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huarong Lin ◽  
Mark L. Winston ◽  
Norbert H. Haunerland ◽  
Keith N. Slessor
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
Dominance Status ◽  
Access To Food

AbstractWe examined the factors that might influence ovary development in worker honey bees, Apis mellifera L. Queenless workers at different ages (≤ 12 h, and 4, 8, and 21 d) were tested in cages for ovarian development. Newly emerged, 4- and 8-d-old, and 21-d-old workers had medium-, large-, and small-sized ovaries, respectively, suggesting that of the worker ages tested only 4- and 8-d-old workers are likely to become egg layers in a queenless colony. Also, we compared ovarian development of newly emerged workers that were caged for 14 d and allowed to consume either pollen or royal jelly to that of another group of workers similarly caged but screened so that they could only obtain food via trophallaxis from young bees. Ovaries of newly emerged workers that received food from young bees were as well developed as those of newly emerged workers allowed to take pollen or royal jelly directly. Screened workers also had lower but still elevated vitellogenin levels compared with bees having direct access to food. These results indicate that nurse-age bees functioning as pollen-digesting units affect the ovarian development of other workers and to a lesser extent vitellogenesis via food exchange. We compared the influence of group sizes of 25, 125, and 600 bees per cage on ovarian development for 14 d. The two groups of 25 and 125 bees had similar mean ovary scores, and higher scores than a group of 600 bees. Our findings suggest that nurse-age bees could play an important role in mediating worker fertility via trophallaxis, possibly by differentiating worker dominance status, and generally only young workers become fertile when a queen is lost in a colony. Vitellogenin is a more sensitive parameter to measure bee fertility, and might be a useful tool to further explore ovary development and egg laying in worker social insects. We recommend measuring haemolymph vitellogenin titres and (or) oocyte length of workers in a group of 25 bees per cage, supplied with 50% royal jelly in honey as a standard method to assess honey bee worker fertility in future experiments.

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