scholarly journals Structural and composition of natural hydroxyapatite (HA) at different sintering temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saturi Baco ◽  
Lisnawaty Bambang ◽  
Norlaila Joseph ◽  
Fouziah MD.Yassin ◽  
Nur Fadzilah Basri
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structural Composition ◽  
Cow Bone ◽  
Natural Hydroxyapatite

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the most attractive biomaterials and widely used as a bone substitute due to its compositions are similar to the minerals in teeth and bones. Understanding of natural HA properties are useful in order to produces high quality of HA. In this paper, we report an easy and low cost method to extract the natural HA from femur cow bone and subsequently sintered at different temperature from 900 oC to 1300 oC. Structural, composition and surface morphology of natural Hydroxyapatite (HA) at different sintering temperatures (900 ̊ C, 1000 ̊ C, 1100 ̊ C, 1200°C and 1300 ̊ C) were discussed. The HA structural, composition and surface morphology were studied by using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. The results show the main HA phases were detected in the range of 31.72o - 31.82o (2Ө) for all sintered HA corresponding to 211 plane. The crystallite size of HA increases with sintering temperature from 900 ̊C to 1100 ̊C. Spectrums of FTIR revealed the existences of functional groups of carbonate (CO3 2-), phosphate (PO4 3-) and hydroxyl (OH-) peaks. SEM micrographs presented small and homogenous grains from 900°C to 1100°C. The grains look interconnected as sintering temperature increased at 1200°C and 1300°C. From this study, sintering process was found to be an easy and low cost method to produce natural HA from femur cow bones.

Effect of Process on the Dielectric Properties of BaTiO3-Based X9R Ceramics

2014 ◽  
Vol 906 ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Lin Zhang ◽  
Bin Bin Zhang ◽  
Ning Ning Wang ◽  
Jing Ming Fei
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sintered Ceramic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer

The effect of milling time and sintering process on the dielectric properties of BaTiO3-based X9R ceramics was investigated. The characterization of the raw powders and the sintered ceramic was carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The particle size distribution of the mixed powders was examined by Laser Particle Size Analyzer. The results shown that with the milling time extended, the Cruie Peak was depressed, or even disappeared. Moreover, with the rise of sintering temperature, the dielectric constant of the ceramics increased and the dielectric loss decreased gradually. Eventually, by milling for 11h and sintering at 1090°Cfor 2h, good dielectric properties were obtained, which were ε25°C≥ 2526, εr/εr25°C≤± 12% (–55~200°C), tanδ≤1.12% (25°C).

Development of Stainless Steel (SS316L) Foam with Different Composition Using Compaction Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murni Faridah Mahammad Rafter ◽  
Sufizar Ahmad ◽  
Rosdi Ibrahim ◽  
Rosniza Hussin ◽  
H.M. Taib
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Porous Metals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compaction Method

<span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </span> <p><span style="font-size: medium;" size="3"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;" face="Times New Roman">Powder metallurgy stainless steels are retains unique benefits in preparation of porous metals due to its low cost, better wear, precise size control and corrosion resistance which are significant quality displays. In this study, the fabrication of open cellular stainless steel (SS316L) foams by using a crystalline sugar via compaction method was investigated. In this work, we show a promising method of SS316L preparation with crystalline sugar as space holder particles. Then, the foams will be given to consider the properties of SS316L foam after sintering process. Powder metallurgy process needs to go through the mixing, pressing, sintering and analysis. The selected composition of SS316L was 50 wt % and 55 wt % SS316L while the remaining percentages are foaming agent or binder. Then, sintering process was conducted in the tube furnace. The SS316L foams were characterised using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Diffraction X-ray (EDX). The results of this study indicate that, the XRD was detected Austenite stainless steel. Then, the detected elements in the SS316L foam were O, K, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mo and Al.</span></span></p> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </span>

scholarly journals Synthesis and Structural Investigations of Ag-Added Ba-CuO Mixed Oxide for Gas Sensing

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohamed El-Sayed ◽  
Fathy Mohamed Ismail ◽  
Saad Mabrouk Yakout
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Ceramic Processing ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
State Ceramic ◽  
Infrared Absorption Spectra

Compositions having the general formula BaTiO3- wt% Ag, where , and 2 have been prepared by solid state ceramic processing and sintered at 500 and for 5 h. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), infrared absorption spectra (IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the obtained sensor pellets. It was found that no solid state reaction took place between BaTiO3and CuO during sintering process. The sensitivity of the prepared sensors to CO2gas increases with increasing sintering temperature and Ag content. The correlation between Ag content at different sintering temperature and structure characterization is discussed.

X-Ray Characterization and Crystal Structure of SBT Doped with V2O5

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 608-612
Author(s):  
Su Hua Lv ◽  
Shu Lang Guo ◽  
Hua Ji
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Ferroelectric Materials ◽  
Reaction Sintering ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Solid Reaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plate Shape

SBT Ferroelectric Materials are prepared by solid reaction sintering process after doping V2O5to SBT bulk and its properties are researched. The results show that this method can decrease sintering temperature , change the grains from rod to plate shape, increase grains size and lead to the grains growth with c-axis. And there are ferroelectric 90b domains in SBTV crystal .

The Effect of Sintering Temperature to the Quality of Hydroxyapatite Coating on Cobalt Alloys as the Candidate of Bone Implant Prosthesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminatun ◽  
Dyah Hikmawati ◽  
M. Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Aseptic Loosening ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Ha Coating ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Implant Prosthesis

Total hip replacement (THR) that is widely used today is the cemented type, which its application will lead to aseptic loosening. To avoid the occurrence of aseptic loosening, THR coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) is required because HA is osteoconductive which can stimulate the growth of osteoblasts. This study aims to determine the optimum sinter temperature which produce HA coating suitable as implant material. To achieve these objectives, the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) conducted coating method at concentrations of HA 1,0M, voltage of 100V for 30 minutes and then sintered at temperatures are 550°C, 700°C and 900°C respectively detention for 10 minutes. The results showed that the treatment of sintering after the coating process through the EPD method affect the characteristics of the layer thus formed. Sintering process affects the crystallinity of the HA layer. The higher the sintering temperature the higher its crystallinity. The higher the crystallinity the stronger the HA layer attached to the substrate cobalt alloy. Based on this research, the selected sintering temperature was 900 °C for 10 minutes which produced a layer of HA with the best characteristics that meet the standard of implant prosthesis, the crystallinity of 89.4%, thick layer of 70.80 ± 4.18 μm, adhesion strength of 21.87 ± 0.23 MPa, the corrosion rate of 0.025 mpy and 70.3% cell viability.

Preparation and characterization of low-cost high-performance mullite-quartz ceramic proppants for coal bed methane wells

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 957-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyue Wang ◽  
Huijun Wang ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Guomin Li ◽  
Yaqiao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Quartz Ceramic ◽  
Coal Bed ◽  
Coal Bed Methane ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Flow Mechanism

AbstractIn this study, the mullite-quartz-based proppants were successfully prepared by using the coal gangue as the raw materials. Then, the effects of the additive and the sintering temperature on the composition, microstructure, and properties of the proppants were investigated. Results showed that the proppants sintered at 1250°C with the 10 wt% bauxite additive presented the best performance, which was very close to that of the quartz-proppant, and met the operational requirements of the 52 MPa coal bed methane wells. The viscous flow mechanism of the liquid phase formed during the sintering process also promoted the arrangement of the grains, thus benefiting the densification and the strength of the proppants.

scholarly journals Investigation on the quality of silicon extracted from the Padma river sand using magnesio-aluminothermic process

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Abdul Kuddus ◽  
SM Mahabubuzzaman ◽  
Abu Bakar Md Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Polycrystalline Silicon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
River Sand ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aluminothermic Reaction ◽  
Padma River

Investigation on the quality of the extracted Silicon (Si) from the sand of the Padma river of Bangladesh using the Magnesio-Aluminothermic process has been presented in this work. Magnesio-Aluminothermic process, which is low-energy, low-cost and CO2 free compared to conventional carbothermic process, was used for the extraction of Si from the sand. By performing the thermite process, Si was extracted as a eutectic mixture of Aluminium and Si, following that, several cycles of acid leaching were used to obtain highly pure polycrystalline silicon. After grinding the cleaned sand and making a homogeneous mixture with associated chemicals and ignition materials, modified Aluminothermic reaction was performed to produce a eutectic mixture of Si and Al. Grinded eutectic mixture of Si and Al was then purified with acid leaching and finally above 97% pure crystalline Si was extracted. XRD (X-ray diffraction) and Raman Spectroscopy confirmed the polycrystalline nature of Si where XRF (X-ray fluorescence) and EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) corroborated the high purity of extracted Si describing the chemical composition. Bangladesh Journal of Physics, 26(2), 33-40, December 2019

scholarly journals Fabrication of Porous Hydroxyapatite Granules as an Effective Adsorbent for the Removal of Aqueous Pb(II) Ions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duyen Thi Le ◽  
Thao Phuong Thi Le ◽  
Hai Thi Do ◽  
Hanh Thi Vo ◽  
Nam Thi Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) granules have been successfully fabricated from a HAp powder precursor and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) additive by a simple sintering process. The composition and microstructures of the HAp were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer. The effects of sintering temperature and PVA/HAp mass ratios on color, water stability, morphology, and chemical composition of HAp are discussed. Optimum conditions for the fabrication of HAp granules were found to be a PVA/HAp mass ratio of 3/20 and a sintering temperature of 600°C for 4 h. Accordingly, the obtained HAp is white in color, is in the granular form with a size of about 2 × 10 mm, and has a specific surface area of 70.6 m2/g. The adsorption of Pb2+ onto the as-prepared HAp granules was carried out in aqueous solution by varying the pH, the adsorbent dose, the initial concentration of Pb2+, and the contact time. The results of adsorption stoichiometry of Pb2+ on the HAp granule adsorbent were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model (R2 = 0.99). The adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of the HAp granule adsorbent for Pb2+ under optimal conditions were found to be 7.99 mg/g and 95.92%, respectively. The adsorption process obeyed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R2∼1. The porous HAp granules studied in this work showed potential for the removal of Pb2+ from industrial wastewater.

A Rapid, Low Cost, Manual Fusion Sample Preparation Technique for Quantitative X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 491-496
Author(s):  
Gerald D. Bowling ◽  
Iris B. Ailin-Pyzik ◽  
David R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Muffle Furnace ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fusion Device ◽  
Sample Preparation Technique

This study compares the quality of the fused samples obtained by three separate methods. The first set of samples was prepared by the method used at USGS in Denver and reported by Taggart and Whalberg (1). The second set was fused by our manual method and cast in graphite molds. The third set was fused in the Herzog HAG-12 automated fusion device.The manual fusion technique requires the use of a muffle furnace capable of 1100°C (2100°F) and graphite molds. No release agents such as KBr and LiBr are required since the disks release easily from the graphite. The 25mm diameter center of the “fire-polished” upper surface of the disk is used for analysis without further surface preparation. This method has been shown to be suitable for preparation of a wide variety of glasses and raw materials including burned dolomite, silicates* high zircon materials such as BCS-388, calcined alumina and alumina refractories.

Influences of Pretreatment Solution Concentrations on Copper-Doped SiC Particles Made through Electroless Plating Technique

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 1739-1742
Author(s):  
Ming Hu ◽  
Yun Feng Su ◽  
Ming Zhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Electroless Plating ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plating Technique ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Copper Coatings ◽  
Pretreatment Solution

. Pretreatments for copper-doped SiC particles made by an electroless-plating technique, the preconditions to attain good coatings, were conducted in order to obtain the active and clean surface of SiC particles. An orthogonal experiment method was used to determine the concentration of every pretreatment solution. The morphologies of the coatings were observed in a scanning electronic microscope(SEM), the composition of the coatings was analyzed by an energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), and the phases in the coatings were identified by a X-ray differtometer (XRD). The influences of pretreatment solution concentrations on the copper coatings quality of SiC particles were dealt with. The results showed that the pretreatment solution concentrations had great influences on the coatings quality of SiC particles. The obvious effects on the copper coatings derived from the coarsening solution concentration. The optimized copper coatings of SiC particles were uniform and dense, no bare SiC particles were seen and the interfaces between SiC and Cu bonded well. The high quality and low cost coatings were also obtained after the expensive PaCl2 activating agent had been substituted for AgNO3.

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