scholarly journals The evaluation of the growth and nutrition conditions of the garden nursery material Prunus and Thuja according to the use of various cultivating substrates and systems of fertilization

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Tomáš Meisl
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
Almost All

The influence of different peat-based cultivating substrates and the system of fertilization on the nutrition conditions and growth characteristics of garden nursery material Prunus kurilensis ‘Brillant’ and Thuja occidentalis ‘Smaragd’ were observed during a three-year experiment. Three kinds of substrates were tested: peat + pumice (pemza) proportioned 8:2, fermented bark + peat + clay proportioned 4:4:2, fermented bark + peat + clay proportioned 4:4:2. Two fertilizers were used: granular controlled-release fertilizer – Osmocote, and watersoluble with irrigation – Kristalon.A higher content of macroelements was observed in the leaves of Prunus. The only exception was potassium, the quantity of which was demonstrably higher in the assimilative organs of Thuja. On the contrary, Thuja had a higher content of trace elements except for copper and iron. The highest contents of nitrogen, potassium, and iron were statistically proved in leaves of woods grown in the substrate of peat and pumice due to its higher sorption capability. A better nutrition conditions in almost all nutrients were observed at plants where the gradually effective Osmocote was applied. The exceptions were calcium, molybdenum and iron, the content of which was, on the contrary, higher where Kristalon with irrigation were used. Physical characteristics of the growing substrates that contained bark were significantly worse at the end of the experiment. This was even intensified by clay. The substrate containing peat and pumice were less stable. The best growth was observed in woods grown in the substrate of peat and pumice, ie where peat was not substituted by bark, and, at the same time, expanded clay was used instead of classic clay. Higher values of growth characteristics were demonstratively observed after the Osmocote fertilizer was applied.The results of the experiment reveal that pumice should be recommended, pemza with a high sorption capability and the stabilization of pH as a suitable component of growing substrates and also peat as a classic component of most substrates. If the systems of fertilization are compared, the gradually effective granular Osmocote should be used at the beginning of the growing season instead of soluble Kristalon with irrigation.

scholarly journals Controlled-release Fertilizer Application Rates for Container Nursery Crop Production in Southwestern Ontario, Canada

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1414-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Agro ◽  
Youbin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
Production Time ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Application Rates

Region-specific trials examining optimum controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) rates for the Canadian climate are limited. This study was conducted to determine an optimum range of CRF application rates and the effect of the application rate on growth, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) losses of six economically important container-grown woody ornamental shrubs using typical production practices at a southwestern Ontario nursery. Salix purpurea ‘Nana’, Weigela florida ‘Alexandra’, Cornus sericea ‘Cardinal’, Hydrangea paniculata ‘Bombshell’, Hibiscus syriacus ‘Ardens’, and Spiraea japonica ‘Magic Carpet’ were potted in 1-gal pots and fertilized with Polyon® 16N-2.6P-10K (5–6 month longevity) incorporated at rates of 0.8, 1.2, 1.7, 2.1, and 2.5 kg·m−3 N in 2012. The experiment was repeated for the 2013 growing season with rates of CRF incorporated at 0.05, 0.35, 0.65, 0.95, and 1.25 kg·m−3 N. Plant performance (i.e., growth index) and leachate electrical conductivity (EC) and pH were evaluated once every 3 to 4 weeks during the respective growing seasons. The amount of N and P lost to the environment was determined for the 2012 growing season. The interaction between nutrient supply rate and target species affected most response variables. Although higher levels of fertilization produced larger plants and had the potential to decrease production time, increased losses of N and P and higher EC leachate values occurred. Results of this study indicate that an acceptable range of CRF application rates can be used for each species depending on the production goals, i.e., decreased production time, maximum growth, or decreased nutrient leachate. Overall, the highest acceptable CRF rates within the optimal range were: 1.25 kg·m−3 N for Spiraea; 1.7 kg·m−3 N for Hydrangea; 2.1 kg·m−3 N for Cornus; and 2.5 kg·m−3 N for Weigela, Salix, and Hibiscus. The lowest acceptable rates within the optimal range were: 0.35 kg·m−3 N for Hibiscus; 0.65 kg·m−3 N for Cornus, Weigela, Salix, and Spiraea; and 0.80 kg·m−3 N for Hydrangea.

scholarly journals CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZER IN THE GROWTH OF Dalbergia nigra SEEDLINGS

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1203
Author(s):  
Aline Ramalho dos Santos ◽  
Elzimar De Oliveira Gonçalves ◽  
Elbya Leão Gibson ◽  
Emanuel França Araújo ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Winckler Caldeira
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Dalbergia Nigra

For the realization of forest restoration projects, it is essential to produce native seedlings in quantity, also necessary that they present greater vegetative vigor and good nutritional status. In this context, the objective of this work was to analyze the growth and nutrition of phosphorus of Dalbergia nigra seedlings from two sources cultivated with doses of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, arranged in a factorial scheme 2 x 4, referring to lots of two seed sources of D. nigra (Viçosa, MG and Linhares, ES) and four doses of CRF (0, 2, 4 and 8 kg m-3), with four replications and 126 seedlings per plot. At 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing, the seedlings were collected to measure the variables related to growth and nutrition. D. nigra seedlings from Linhares (ES) show better growth and dry matter production. It is recommended to dose 7.46 kg m-3 of controlled-release fertilizer for seedlings from Linhares (ES) and the dose 5.99 kg m-3 for those coming from Viçosa (MG), aiming to maximize the growth of production of seedlings of D. nigra. Increasing doses of controlled-release fertilizer allow greater accumulation of P in shoot shoots of D. nigra.

scholarly journals Nitrate Loading to the Soil Profile Underlying Two Containerized Nursery Crops Supplied Controlled Release Fertilizer

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
M.H. Brand ◽  
R.J. McAvoy ◽  
E.G. Corbett
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Cornus Amomum

Abstract Cornus amomum and Rhododendron ‘Cary's Red’ were grown in #3 (10 1) containers outdoors and supplied with a controlled release fertilizer (CRF). At two week intervals, core samples were removed from the soil underlying the crop at 30 cm (12 in) increments to a depth of 90 cm (36 in). Soil samples and foliar samples were analyzed for nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentration. NO3-N accumulated rapidly in the upper 30 cm (12 in) of soil underlying containerized crops. Accumulation in the 30–60 cm (12–24 in) layer occurred later in the growing season and NO3-N buildup in the 60–90 cm (24–36 in) layer lagged behind both upper soil layers. Maximum NO3-N concentrations exceeded 40 mg/kg (6.36 × 10−4 oz lb−1) of soil and levels above 20 mg/kg (3.18 × 10−4 oz/lb) of soil were sustained throughout the 90 cm (36 in) soil profile for much of the growing season. Patterns of soil NO3-N concentration suggest that, by the middle of the growing season, rapid-growing Cornus may better utilize released N fertilizer than slower growing Rhododendron. Foliar samples confirm significantly higher NO3-N uptake by Cornus than by Rhododendron.

scholarly journals Growth of Capillary-Irrigated Andorra Juniper and Sarcoxie Euonymus as Affected by Controlled Release Fertilizer Type and Placement

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Peter R. Hicklenton
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Euonymus Fortunei ◽  
Capillary Bed

Abstract Juniperus horizontalis Moench. ‘Plumosa compacata’ and Euonymus fortunei Turcz. ‘Sarcoxie’ were grown on a sand capillary bed with two types of controlled release fertilizer (3:1 Type 100:Type 40 Nutricote 16N-4.4P-8.1K (16-10-10),and Osmocote 18N-2.6P-9.7K (18-6-12) either medium-incorporated, surface-applied or dibbled below the roots. Throughout the growing season, neither leaf area, root or shoot dry weight of euonymus was affected by fertilizer type or placement. Branch length growth and dry weight of juniper was not affected by fertilizer type when fertilizer was surface-applied or medium incorporated. Dibbled Osmocote produced similar results, but dibbled Nutricote resulted in poor root and shoot development in juniper throughout the season. Medium soluble salt concentration (determined on container leachate) was 2800 dS/m in the dibbled Nutricote treatments in June (approximately 2.5 times higher than that in the other treatments). Soluble salts decreased between June 21 and August 16 in all treatments and then remained quite constant until the end of the season (September 13).

scholarly journals Effect of Topdressed Controlled-release Fertilizer Rates on Nursery Crop Quality and Growth and Growing Substrate Nutrient Status in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Clark ◽  
Youbin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Outdoor Nursery ◽  
Over Time

The objectives of the current study were to 1) determine the best topdressed controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) application rates for quality and growth of two nursery crops under temperate climate outdoor nursery production conditions in the Niagara region, Ontario, Canada, and 2) evaluate the nutrient status of the growing substrate following topdressing of two CRF types during the growing season. Fall-transplanted Goldmound spirea (Spiraea ×bumalda ‘Goldmound’) and Wine & Roses® weigela [Weigela florida (Bunge) A. DC. ‘Alexandra’] were grown in 2-gal (7.56 L) containers and topdressed on 7 May 2015 with Osmocote Plus 15N–3.9P–9.9K, 5–6 month CRF or Plantacote 14N–3.9P–12.5K, 6 month Homogeneous NPK with Micros. CRF was applied at rates of 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 g nitrogen (N)/pot for both species. The best plants at the end of the growing season (i.e., 23 Sept. 2015) were spirea at 3.0–4.5 and 3.0–6.0 g N/pot, and weigela at 3.0–4.5 and 6.0 g N/pot, with Osmocote and Plantacote, respectively. At CRF rates above these rates, the majority of plants showed no increase in growth or quality attributes. All weigela plants, despite CRF application rate, showed K deficiency symptoms during the study. Using marketable-size criteria and plant growth data over time, estimates of production timing are presented for fall-transplanted, spring-topdressed weigela and spirea. These estimates may assist growers in choosing CRF application rates to meet time-sensitive production goals. Early in the growing season, NO3-N and P concentrations in the growing substrate were highest at CRF rates ≥4.5 and ≥6.0 g N/pot, respectively, and P continued to be high in August and September at 9.0 g N/pot. NH3-N and K concentrations at all CRF application rates were greater early in the growing season and decreased over time. At high CRF rates toward the end of the growing season, concentrations of NO3-N, NH3-N, and P once again increased. Considering crop-specific CRF application rates and understanding changes in growing substrate nutrient status during the growing season may help nursery growers prevent negative environmental impacts from over-fertilizing.

MINERAL STATUS AND GROWTH OF CONTAINERIZED COMPACT ANDORRA JUNIPER UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION AND FERTILIZER REGIMENS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1295-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER R. HICKLENTON ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Factorial Effects

Juniperus horizontalis ’Plumosa Compacta’ were grown in 3.8-L containers to compare the factorial effects of irrigation (top vs. capillary) and controlled release fertilizer placement (incorporated vs. surface-applied) on shoot nutrient content and growth. These treatments were compared with a liquid fertilized control. Shoot N contents on 30 June (31 d after potting) were highest in plants which were top-irrigated and supplied with incorporated Nutricote, but were lowest in these plants at the end of the season (28 Sept.). Top-irrigated, Nutricote-incorporated, and liquid-fertilized plants showed the highest shoot K contents on 30 June. Lowest shoot K occurred in the top-irrigated, Nutricote-incorporated treatment on 28 Sept. In comparison with N or K, shoot P showed much less variation over the growing season. Incremental branch growth was less when fertilizer was surface-applied than when it was incorporated, but end-of-season shoot dry weights were similar in all plants except those which were top irrigated and supplied with incorporated Nutricote. This treatment produced the highest end-of-season shoot dry weight and best overall growth. Seasonal growth was positively correlated with early season (30 June) shoot N and K contents.Key words: Controlled release fertilizer, Nutricote, irrigation, Juniper

scholarly journals Synthesis and Evaluation of AlgNa-g-poly(QCL-co-HEMA) Hydrogels as Platform for Chondrocyte Proliferation and Controlled Release of Betamethasone

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5730
Author(s):  
Jomarien García-Couce ◽  
Marioly Vernhes ◽  
Nancy Bada ◽  
Lissette Agüero ◽  
Oscar Valdés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hydrogels obtained from combining different polymers are an interesting strategy for developing controlled release system platforms and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, the applicability of sodium alginate-g-(QCL-co-HEMA) hydrogels for these biomedical applications was evaluated. Hydrogels were synthesized by free-radical polymerization using a different concentration of the components. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and a swelling degree. Betamethasone release as well as the in vitro cytocompatibility with chondrocytes and fibroblast cells were also evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the porous surface morphology of the hydrogels in all cases. The swelling percent was determined at a different pH and was observed to be pH-sensitive. The controlled release behavior of betamethasone from the matrices was investigated in PBS media (pH = 7.4) and the drug was released in a controlled manner for up to 8 h. Human chondrocytes and fibroblasts were cultured on the hydrogels. The MTS assay showed that almost all hydrogels are cytocompatibles and an increase of proliferation in both cell types after one week of incubation was observed by the Live/Dead® assay. These results demonstrate that these hydrogels are attractive materials for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications due to their characteristics, their release kinetics, and biocompatibility.

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