scholarly journals Anthropic Influences on the Quality of Underground Waters for Human Consumption in Russas, Ceará, Northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Shantala Fernandes de Oliveira Sousa ◽  
Amanda Aragão Moraes Gadelha ◽  
Luzia Suerlange Araújo dos Santos Mendes ◽  
Cláudio Ângelo da Silva Neto ◽  
Ana Rita Salgueiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Continue Research ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Selection Of

In regions with semi-arid characteristics, groundwater is a precious source of water supply, mainly from alluvium, due to the decent quality of its waters. However, the sandy texture favors vulnerability, and the infiltration and percolation of fluids increase the risk of contamination of the aquifer in the presence of polluting sources. The population’s knowledge about these problems is still ephemeral, which can lead to the consumption of contaminated water, putting health at risk. Thus, research was conducted in the municipality of Russas – Ceará, to study the quality of groundwater, the possible polluting sources in the urban area, and assess the possible risks to human health. First, technical visits for reconnaissance and survey of information were conducted, such as possible polluting sources and situations of existing wells. The selection of wells to collect water followed criteria of proximity to polluting sources, well conditions, and, mainly, those linked to the use of water for human consumption. The result showed that 43% of the samples are above the limits proved by Brazilian legislation for turbidity, total hardness, TDS, sodium, chloride, and nitrate, while the others are withinthe standard. Concerning chlorides and nitrates, the concentrations show there is possibly a relationship with anthropic contaminants(agricultural area; domestic effluents) for the aquifer recharge areas and condition common problems to human health. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to continue research in Medical Geology that will enable the monitoring and future management of water quality of groundwater for the population.

scholarly journals Calidad del agua destinada al consumo humano en un cantón de Ecuador / Quality of water intended for human consumption in a canton of Ecuador

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Baque Mite ◽  
Luis Simba Ochoa ◽  
Betty Gonzalez Osorio ◽  
Pedro Suatunce ◽  
Eduardo Diaz Ocampo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Domestic Use

El estudio evaluó la calidad del agua destinada al consumo humano en el cantón Quevedo, provincia de Los Ríos, Ecuador. Se evaluaron parámetros físicos, químicos y microbiológicos del agua en nueve estaciones de bombeo del EPMAPAQ, en épocas lluviosa y seca. Se compararon los resultados obtenidos con los valores de referencia establecidos en las normativas (Acuerdo ministerial Nº 097 Norma INEN 1108, TULSMA, EPA y OMS), bajo el criterio de calidad para aguas destinadas al consumo humano y uso doméstico. Se determinó el Índice de Calidad de Agua (ICA) y la correlación estadística entre los parámetros, usando la prueba de “t” de Student, con una significancia estadística de p = 0,05 entre las dos épocas. Los parámetros: nitritos, nitratos, turbidez, sólidos disueltos totales, pH, dureza total, color y hierro, se encuentran en el rango de aceptabilidad de calidad ambiental. Los valores, manganeso y oxígeno disuelto sobrepasan los límites máximos permisibles por el TULSMA, al igual que los coliformes fecales, en época lluviosa. La mayoría de los parámetros presentaron diferencias significativas (“t” al 5%) entre las dos épocas. El agua del cantón Quevedo está levemente contaminada y requiere tratamiento de potabilización previo a su consumo. ABSTRACTThe study evaluated the quality of water intended for human consumption in the canton Quevedo, province of Los Rios, Ecuador. Physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of water in nine EPMAPAQ pumping stations were evaluated, in rainy and dry seasons. The results obtained with the reference values set out in the regulations (Ministerial Agreement No. 097 Standard INEN 1108, TULSMA, EPA and WHO) under the quality criterion for water intended for human consumption and domestic use was compared. The Water Quality Index (ICA) and the statistical correlation between parameters were determined using the test "t" of Student, with a statistical significance of p = 0.05 between the two periods. Parameters: nitrites, nitrates, turbidity, total dissolved solids, pH, total hardness, color and iron are in the range of acceptability environmental quality. Values, manganese, dissolved oxygen exceed the maximum permissible limits for the TULSMA, like fecal coliform in the rainy season. Most parameters showed significant differences ("t" 5%) between the two periods. Quevedo Canton water is slightly contaminated and requires purification treatment before consumption.

scholarly journals Acute Aflatoxicosis in Swines in Northeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Roberio Gomes Olinda ◽  
Joseney Maia Lima ◽  
Ricardo Barbosa De Lucena ◽  
André Menezes Do Vale ◽  
Jael Soares Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Toxic Hepatitis ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Diet Formulation

Background: Aflatoxins are hepatotoxic mycotoxins derived from the secondary metabolism of toxigenic fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus, especially A. flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin B1 is the most important metabolite, because of its deleterious effect mainly to the liver, especially for its carcinogenic, mutagenic and haemorrhagic properties, and usually is detected in higher concentrations in contaminated substrates. This paper reports the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and toxicological aspects of an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in pigs raised in Northeastern Brazil.Case: The cases occurred in a complete cycle farm, in the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, in pigs ingesting low quality (moldy) corn being produced and processed on the farm. Sixty (73.1%) out of 82 two to five-months old pigs were clinicaly affected and 54 (65.8%) died. All animals showed fever, weight loss, tachycardia, tachypnea, lethargy, muscle tremors, muscle weakness and diarrhea. The clinical course ranged from five to 48 hours. Adult pigs were not affected. At necropsies, generalized jaundice, ascites, hydropericardium, petechial hemorrhages in the mesentery, subcutaneous edema and mesocolon were observed. The liver was yellow-orange with reddish diffuse multifocal areas, enlarged and extremely friable. Histologically there was swelling of hepatocytes with severe diffuse hepatocellular fatty degeneration, centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis, proliferation of bile ducts and cholestasis. High concentrations of aflatoxin B1 were determined in the corn (3400 μg/kg) and ration (1460 μg/kg).Discussion: The diagnosis of aflatoxicosis was based on epidemiological investigation associated with clinical and pathological findings and confirmed by high levels of aflatoxin B1 found in samples of corn and feed. Of the numerous types of aflatoxin reported, the most common is the B1, which is typically produced by Aspergillus fungi. In intensive pig farms, management conditions increase the chances of occurrence of intoxications caused by the poor quality of the grain (especially maize) by the poor quality of the grain (especially maize) used in the diet formulation. In the present report the corn was severely degraded and kept in physical conditions that favor the proliferation of aflatoxins. In addition, young animals, which are more suseptible, were the only ones affected with 73% morbidity and 65.8% mortality. In cases of spontaneous aflatoxicosis morbidity in pigs can vary from 10 to 100% and mortality is high when the diet has a high concentration of aflatoxins as observed in this outbreak (3400 and 1460 μg/kg of B1 in corn and food, respectively) . Increases in sérum ALT levels indicate hyperacute, acute or chronic active hepatocellular damage; a toxic hepatitis in this case. Furthermore, the increased serum AST suggest the existence of extensive and progressive hepatocellular damage, because this enzyme is synthesized mitochondrial level. Legislation in Brazil, determines that the maximum tolerated aflatoxin concentrations are 50 parts per million (ppm) or 50 μg/kg in food included in the diet formulation for animal consumption and 20 ppb in corn grain for human consumption. Differential diagnosis of aflatoxicosis include leptospirosis and intoxication by Crotalaria retusa or other pyrrolizidine alkaloids-containing plants.Keywords: aflatoxicosis, mycotoxins, toxic hepatitis, swine.

scholarly journals Avaliação de água de poços tubulares para consumo humano no Município de Boa Vista, Paraíba

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 08
Author(s):  
Débora Samara Cruz Rocha Farias ◽  
Soahd Arruda Rached Farias ◽  
José Dantas Neto
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Quality Of Water

<p>Na Região do Semiárido nordestino a diminuição da disponibilidade dos recursos hídricos superficiais tem levado a população da zona rural a buscar, nos recursos hídricos subterrâneos, a solução de seus problemas de abastecimento, o que tem acarretado um crescimento no número de perfurações de poços tubulares profundos. O trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade de águas utilizadas para consumo humano em áreas rurais da região de Boa Vista, Paraíba. As amostras de água foram coletadas em poços tubulares, em dois períodos: 4º trimestre de 2014 e 2º trimestre de 2015. As variáveis avaliadas foram: pH, CE, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO<sub>3 </sub><sup>-</sup>, Cl, alcalinidade e dureza total e SDT. Das águas analisadas 94,55% são consideradas salgadas nas duas amostragens. Em sua maioria os teores de dureza, alcalinidade, cloreto, magnésio, sódio e potássio estão fora do limite estabelecido pela Portaria vigente no país. Com relação ao pH, as amostras se encontram dentro do padrão normal.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Water quality for human consumption in rural communities in the municipality of Boa Vista, state Paraíba</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>In the semi-arid northeastern region of decreasing availability of surface water resources has led to population from the countryside to look for underground water resources to solve their supply problems, which has led to an increase in the number of deep wells drilling. The study aimed to assess the quality of water used for human consumption in rural areas of the region Boa Vista, Paraíba. Water samples were collected from wells in two periods: 4th quarter 2014 and 2nd quarter of 2015. The variables evaluated were: pH, EC, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, Cl, alkalinity and total hardness and TDS. 94.55% of the analyzed waters are considered cured in the two sampling. Mostly hardness levels, alkalinity, chloride, magnesium, sodium, potassium are beyond the limit set by current Ordinance in the country. Regarding the pH samples are within the normal pattern.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Global Map Generation and SLAM using LiDAR and Stereo Camera for tracking motion of Mobile Robot

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Edwin Leonel Álvarez - Gutiérrez ◽  
Fabián Rolando Jiménez - López
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Mobile Robotics ◽  
External Information ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Integrated Devices ◽  
Map Generation ◽  
Tracking Motion ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Selection Of

One of the topics of greatest attention in mobile robotics is related to the location and mapping of a robot in a given environment and the other, associated with the selection of the devices or sensors necessary to acquire as much external information as possible for the generation of a global map. The purpose of this article is to propose the integration between a caterpillar-type land mobile robot, SLAM tasks with LiDAR devices and the use of stereo vision through the ZED camera for the generation of a 2D global map and the tracking of the movement of the mobile robot using the MATLAB® software. The experiment consists of performing different detection tests to determine distances and track the position of mobile robot in a structured environment indoors, to observe the behavior of the mobile platform and determine the error in the measurements. The results obtained show that the integrated devices satisfactorily fulfill the tasks established in controlled conditions and in indoor environments, obtaining error percentages lower than 1 and 4% for the case of the LiDAR and the ZED camera respectively. An alternative was developed that solves one of the most common problems of mobile robotics in recent years and, additionally, this solution allows the possibility of merging other types of sensors such as inertial systems, encoders, GPS, among others, in order to improve the applications in the area and the quality of the information acquired from abroad.

scholarly journals Appraisal of Quality of Groundwater in Selected Sites in the Villages of Veeraghattam Mandal in Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1279-1291
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Magnesium Fluoride ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

The Potability of groundwater in selected location sites in the villages of Veeraghattam (VGT) Mandal of Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh has been investigated and obtained Water Quality Index (WQI) results are presented in this paper. Several Physico-chemical parameters like pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness, calcium, magnesium, fluoride, chloride, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, and nitrite were experimentally determined from the samples and also to compute WQI. The results of WQI computation infer that the quality of groundwater in selected site locations in rural communities in Veeraghattam Mandal is rated as “good” for human consumption. Correlation between various parameters has also been computed, and the results are presented.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN METHODOLOGIES USED FOR DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL HARDNESS IN AQUEOUS MATRICES

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Natasha L. FERNANDES ◽  
Natacha M. B. BARRETO ◽  
Alessandro C. MACHADO ◽  
Genilda P. ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Aqueous Matrices

Hardness affects the quality of water, making it unsuitable for human consumption and undesirable for the use in industrial processes. This paper compares the titrimetric method with the spectrometric method for the determination of hardness in aqueous matrices, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of each application.

scholarly journals Water quality index method in assessing groundwater quality of Palakonda mandal in Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhosh Kumar Nadikatla ◽  
Venkata SubbaRao Mushini ◽  
Phani Surya Murali Krishna Mudumba
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Index Method

AbstractClean, safe and acceptable fresh water is fundamental to the existence of life. There is still a serious problem with adequate availability of fresh and quality of water for human consumption. This study, therefore, assesses the relevance of groundwater in the selected sites of villages of Palakonda mandal in the Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, India, for consumption, based on different indices of water quality. Groundwater is the principal source for domestic and irrigation purposes in this region. In order to assess the quality of groundwater, 39 groundwater samples were collected during pre- and post-monsoon season from 2013 to 2016. The concentrations of physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness (TH), Ca(II), Mg(II), fluoride (F−), chloride (Cl−), dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity and nitrite (NO2−) were analyzed to compute Water Quality Index (WQI). The results of the concentrations were interpreted and compared with WHO (2012) and BIS (2012) standards. Correlation between various parameters was also computed, and the results were presented. The results of WQI computation infer that the groundwater of the selected sites in Palakonda mandal is rated as ‘good’ for human consumption.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations in Imabolo Stream Water Quality in Ankpa Urban Area of Kogi State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 229-241
Author(s):  
Johnmark Friday Ocheje ◽  
Michael Chukwuma Obeta ◽  
Eze, Eberechukwu Jennifer ◽  
Nwankwoala, Hycienth Ogunka ◽  
Wali, Elekwachi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
T Test ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Significant Difference

Changes in season is one of the important drivers responsible for pollutants transported into surface waters. This study examined the seasonal variations in the quality of Imabolo stream water within Ankpa urban, Kogi State, Nigeria. To achieve the aim of the study, water samples were collected at the peak of the two seasons from seven points along the stream reach corresponding to the different land-use activities in the study area in March and June, 2018. In-situ and laboratory analysis of eighteen physico-chemical and two microbiological parameters were carried out according to standard procedures. Descriptive statistics and t-test were employed to analyze the data obtained for both dry and rainy seasons. The results were compared with WHO and NSDWQ standards for drinking water quality for characterization. The analysis revealed that water samples from six points had elevated values of parameters above the recommended limits for human consumption. The observed seasonal variation indicated that wet season values were higher for all the parameters except DO and Ca2+, while t-test showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in the level of temperature, EC, TDS, turbidity, BOD, COD, nitrate, sulphate, iron, calcium, lead, cadmium, alkalinity, total hardness, total coliforms and E. coli betweendry and rainy season. The study advances innovative recommendations to remediate and improve the quality of the stream water in order to meet the water needs of the users.

scholarly journals Assessing the Influence of Water Management and Rainfall Seasonality on Water Quality and Intestinal Parasitism in Rural Northeastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pessoa Dias ◽  
Deiviane Calegar ◽  
Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa ◽  
Maria de Fátima Leal Alencar ◽  
Caroline Ferraz Ignacio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid

Introduction. The drought in the Brazilian semiarid region has affected the quality of water. This study assessed the relationships between enteric parasitoses, water management, and water quality, correlating them with pluviometric seasonality.Methods. Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in four rural communities at the beginning of the dry season (n=151), at the end of the dry season (n=184), and in the rainy season (n=199), in order to collect sociodemographic data, human fecal samples, and samples of the water used for human consumption for physicochemical and microbiological analyses. In 2015, water filters were provided to 30 households under study.Results. There was an increasing trend in detection rates of commensal protozoa and theEntamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba disparcomplex at the beginning of the rainy season, with detection rates of 6% in 2014 and 21.6% in 2016.Giardia intestinalisandAscaris lumbricoidespresented distinct temporal distributions, which peaked in 2015: 20.1% and 30%, respectively. The proportion of inhabitants drinking inadequate water was 55% at the beginning of the dry season and 28.8% at the end of the dry season, reaching 70.9% at the beginning of the rainy season. The presence of filters reduced this proportion among those who received the hollow ceramic candle filter.Conclusions. Data suggest that the strategies to increase water supply in the Brazilian semiarid region can be ameliorated in order to improve the quality of drinking water.

INVESTIGATING THE QUALITY OF WATER STORED IN PLASTIC TANKS IN UMARU MUSA YAR’ADUA UNIVERSITY KATSINA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
MUDASSIR HASSAN ◽  
A. Hussaini ◽  
A. Musa ◽  
M. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical

Water is one of the most important natural resources which play an essential role in human life. Most of the Nigerian institutions stored water in either plastic or overhead tanks for different purposes. However, there has been a growing concern over the safety of the stored water for human consumption following reported cases of microbial occurrence in water stored in tanks. This study aimed at investigating the water quality stored in plastic tanks in Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Katsina. Water samples were collected from plastic tanks and analyzed for some physico-chemical and heavy metals parameters. The result of physico-chemical parameters obtained shows that only dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were observed above the maximum permissible limit for drinking recommended by WHO and NSDWQ with the mean value of 55.18 mg/l, 38.86 mg/l and 38.08 mg/l respectively. While the remaining parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, total suspended solid, alkalinity, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, chloride and total hardness were found within the acceptable limit. However, analyzed result of heavy metals parameters revealed that all parameters were observed within desirable limit by WHO and NSDWQ for drinking water and suggested that the quality of water stored in plastic tanks was very good. It is concluded that, the quality of water stored in plastic tanks is suitable for human consumption. It is therefore recommended that, continuous monitoring of the water should be maintain so as to ascertain the safety of the water

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