scholarly journals Biofilms Production from Avocado Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio Sánchez ◽  
Wilmer Ponce ◽  
Beatriz Brito ◽  
William Viera ◽  
Ricardo Baquerizo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Gelatinization Temperature ◽  
Water Density ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Starch Yield

Objective: To obtain biofilms from starch and cellulose present in the avocado (Persea americana) peel and seed. Materials and methods: The starch characterization included humidity, gelatinization temperature, paste clarity, absorption index, solubility index, swelling power, amylose, amylopectin, amount, and starch yield. Five mixtures were made with 3 g of starch, 5 mL of 30 % NaOH (w/v), 3 g of cellulose, and different proportions for glycerin: 2 g; 2.5 g; 3 g; 3.5 g; 4 g, and PVA: 2 g, 3 g, 4 g, 5 g, and 6 g. Films were formed on acrylic plates, using the casting method. The bioplastic was characterized in terms of moisture, solubility in water, density, thickness, biodegradability, stress, deformation, and modulus of elasticity. Results and discusión: The addition of cellulose to the mixture does not contribute to film formation, unlike PVA which did. The film had the best physical appearance with a mixture of 2 g of glycerin and 6 g of PVA. The bioplastic characterization was 23.43 % humidity, 39.39 % for water solubility, 1.52 g/cm3 density, 0.58 mm thickness, 21.03 % weight loss for the biodegradability test, 1.53 MPa for tension, 21.25 % deformation, and 10,04 MPa for the modulus of elasticity. Conclusions: The bioplastic obtained did not show the resistance of traditional plastic. However, the results obtained serve as a starting point for the realization of other formulations, aimed at producing a bioplastic capable of competing with its synthetic relatives.

scholarly journals l-Arginine Improves Solubility and ANTI SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Activity of Rutin but Not the Antiviral Activity in Cells

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 6062
Author(s):  
Luca Sancineto ◽  
Carmine Ostacolo ◽  
David Ortega-Alarcon ◽  
Ana Jimenez-Alesanco ◽  
Laura Ceballos-Laita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Solubility Improvement ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Good Starting Point

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak prompts an urgent need for efficient therapeutics, and repurposing of known drugs has been extensively used in an attempt to get to anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents in the shortest possible time. The glycoside rutin shows manifold pharmacological activities and, despite its use being limited by its poor solubility in water, it is the active principle of many pharmaceutical preparations. We herein report our in silico and experimental investigations of rutin as a SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor and of its water solubility improvement obtained by mixing it with L-arginine. Tests of the rutin/L-arginine mixture in a cellular model of SARS-CoV-2 infection highlighted that the mixture still suffers from unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, but nonetheless, the results of this study suggest that rutin might be a good starting point for hit optimization.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Halloysite Nanotubes and Glycerol on the Physical Properties of Fish Gelatin Films

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohu Qiang ◽  
Songyi Zhou ◽  
Zhuo Zhang ◽  
Qiling Quan ◽  
Dajian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Fish Gelatin ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Gelatin Films ◽  
Light Region

Fish gelatin (FG)/glycerol (GE)/halloysite (HT) composite films were prepared by casting method. The morphology of the composite films was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of HT and GE addition on the mechanical properties, water resistance and optical properties of the composites were investigated. Results showed that with increasing GE content, the elongation at composite breaks increased significantly, but their tensile strength (TS) and water resistance decreased. SEM results showed that GE can partly promote HT dispersion in composites. TS and water resistance also increased with the addition of HTs. Well-dispersed HTs in the FG matrix decreased the moisture uptake and water solubility of the composites. All films showed a transparency higher than 80% across the visible light region (400–800 nm), thereby indicating that light transmittance of the resulting nanocomposites was slightly affected by GE and HTs.

scholarly journals New Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient-Ionic Liquids (API-ILs) Derived from Indomethacin and Mebendazole

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emilia Tojo
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Methanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
High Water ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
High Water Solubility

The transformation of two solid Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) into new ionic liquids (IL)s that incorporate APIs (API-ILs) is reported. The structures of the APIs (indomethacin and mebendazole) were selected by their susceptibility to being transformed into API-ILs (either to form the cation or the anion) and their limited bioavailability due to their low solubility in water. The counterions, such as those derived from 2-dimethylaminoethanol (DMEA), tetramethylguanidine (TMG), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2] (TED), <i>p</i>-toluensulfonic acid, glycolic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and saccharin, were carefully chosen, aiming for high biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high water solubility. The synthesis was carried out by direct treatment of the API with the corresponding selected acid or base. Finally, the solubility in water of all the synthesized salts was determined.

scholarly journals Polymeric Bioadhesive Patch Based on Ketoprofen-Hydrotalcite Hybrid for Local Treatments

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 733
Author(s):  
Cinzia Pagano ◽  
Loredana Latterini ◽  
Alessandro Di Michele ◽  
Francesca Luzi ◽  
Debora Puglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Crystalline Form ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Local Pain ◽  
Improved Stability ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
Uv Rays

Ketoprofen (KET) represents one of the most common drugs used in the topical treatment of pain and inflammations. However, its potential is rather limited due to the very low solubility and photochemical instability. The local administration of KET by conventional products, such as gels, emulgels, creams, and foams, does not guarantee an efficacious and safe treatment because of its low absorption (due to low solubility) and its sensitivity to UV rays. The photodegradation of KET makes many photoproducts responsible for different adverse effects. In the present work, KET was intercalated into the lamellar anionic clay ZnAl-hydrotalcite (ZnAl-HTlc), obtaining the hybrid ZnAl-KET with improved stability to UV rays and water solubility in comparison to the crystalline form (not intercalated KET). The hybrid was then formulated in autoadhesive patches for local pain treatment. The patches were prepared by casting method starting from a hydrogel based on the biocompatible and bioadhesive polymer NaCMC (Sodium carboxymethycellulose) and glycerol as a plasticizing agent. The introduction of ZnAl-KET in the patch composition demonstrated the improvement in the mechanical properties of the formulation. Moreover, a sustained and complete KET release was obtained within 8 h. This allowed reducing the frequency of anti-inflammatory administration, compared to the conventional formulations.

scholarly journals The Development of Novel Organotin Anti-Tumor Drugs: Structure and Activity

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick de Vos ◽  
Rudolph Willem ◽  
Marcel Gielen ◽  
Kyra E. van Wingerden ◽  
Kees Nooter
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
Polar Substituents ◽  
Tumor Drugs ◽  
Separate Class ◽  
Structure And Activity ◽  
Very High

An overview of the development of anti-tumor organotin derivatives in selected classes of compounds is presented and discussed. High to very high in vitro activity has been found, sometimes equaling that of doxorubicin. Solubility in water is an important issue, dominating the in vivo testing of compounds with promising in vitro properties. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was increased by the presence of a bulky group, an active substituent or one or more polar substituents. Polar substituents may also improve the water solubility. Although organotin derivatives constitute a separate class of compounds, the comparison with cisplatin is inevitable. Among the observed toxicities, neurotoxicity, known from platinum cytostatics, and gastrointestinal toxicity, typical for many oncology drugs, have been detected. Further research to develop novel, useful organotin anti-tumor compounds should be carried out.

Mechanical, Barrier, Physicochemical, and Heat Seal Properties of Starch Films Filled with Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 90-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi ◽  
Abd Karim Alias
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Starch Films ◽  
Seal Strength ◽  
Mechanical Barrier

The effects of nanoparticles (nanoclay and nanosilicon dioxide) on heat sealability, physicochemical, barrier, and mechanical properties of starch films were investigated. Starch films were prepared by casting method with addition of nanoparticles and plasticizers. All film properties were measured under standard conditions. Mechanical properties of all types of films were increased by incorporation of nanoparticles. Mungbean starch films showed 100% increment in tensile strength by incorporation of nanoclay. Moisture content, water solubility, and WVP of all starch films decreased whereas decomposition temperature of the films was increased by incorporation of nanoparticles. All films were heat sealable, but nanoparticles-incorporated films exhibited better heat sealability than did control films. In summary, the type of starch governed the heat sealability but nanoparticles have potential to improve seal strength of starch films as well as other functional properties.

scholarly journals Seaweed Polysaccharide in Food Contact Materials (Active Packaging, Intelligent Packaging, Edible Films, and Coatings)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2088
Author(s):  
Kalpani Y. Perera ◽  
Shubham Sharma ◽  
Dileswar Pradhan ◽  
Amit K. Jaiswal ◽  
Swarna Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Active Packaging ◽  
Intelligent Packaging ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Contact Materials ◽  
Food Contact Materials ◽  
Food Contact

Food contact materials (FCMs) are materials that come in contact with food products such as food packaging which play a significant role in the food quality and safety. Plastic, which is a major food packaging material, harms the eco-system, wildlife, and the environment. As a result, numerous researches have been in progress on alternative polymers, which has similar properties as plastic but is also environmentally friendly (biodegradable). In recent years, the utilization of seaweed polysaccharides has piqued interest due to its biodegradability, non-toxicity, antioxidant capabilities, and excellent film formation ability. However, it has a number of drawbacks such as low tensile strength, water solubility, and moderate antibacterial characteristics, among others. The addition of other biopolymers, nanoparticles, or natural active agents improves these features. In this review article, we have summarized the current state of seaweed polysaccharide research in active packaging, intelligent packaging, edible films, and coatings. It also highlights the physical, thermal, antioxidant, and other properties of these materials. Finally, the article discusses the relevant legislation as well as the field’s future prospects. Research shows that seaweeds polysaccharide looks promising as a sustainable food contact material, but there is always a potential for development to make it market feasible.

scholarly journals Inclusion complexes of pesticides in aqueous solutions of methylated-β-cyclodextrin

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Petrovic ◽  
Gordana Stojanovic ◽  
Olga Jovanovic ◽  
Aleksandra Djordjevic ◽  
Ivan Palic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Inclusion Complexation ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Enthalpy And Entropy ◽  
Methylated Cyclodextrin ◽  
Organic Pesticides ◽  
Hplc Data

Disadvantage of some organic pesticides is their low water solubility. Among other substances, cyclodextrins and modified cyclodextrins were considered as agents for improving pesticides water solubility. The solubility of poorly soluble pesticides, dimethoate, simazine, linuron and thiram, was determined in aqueous solution of methylated-?-cyclodextrin (mbCD) by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Methylated-?-cyclodextrin was obtained by the modified Hawort method and characterized by 1H NMR and HPLC data. The average degree of substitution was 13.8. Methylation was done either on C-2, C-3, and C-6 atoms of glucopyranose unit therefore obtained product can be assort as randomly m?CD. Solubility of the studied pesticides in aqueous solution of m?CD increases in relation to their solubility in water for dimethoate 506, for simazine167, for thiram 44, and for linuron 20 times. Reactions of dimethoate and simazine with m?CD were entropy-driven while the inclusion complexation of m?CD with the linuron and thiram were driven by both, enthalpy and entropy, as determined by calorimetric measurements. The observed solubility increment of the investigated pesticides in aqueous solution of m?CD, suggests that it can be efficiently used in pesticide solutions formulations and increase their bioavailability, and biodegradability.

scholarly journals Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Starches from Flesh and Peel of Green Banana Fruit

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Li ◽  
Ke Guo ◽  
Lingshang Lin ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Gelatinization Temperature ◽  
Relative Crystallinity ◽  
Apparent Amylose Content ◽  
Gelatinized Starch ◽  
Green Banana

Green banana fruit is an important starch resource that consists of flesh and peel. The physicochemical properties of flesh starch have been widely studied; however, those of peel starch have hardly been studied, leading to the waste of peel. In this study, the physicochemical properties of the starches from the flesh and peel of green banana fruit were investigated and compared. The dry flesh and peel had 69.5% and 22.6% starch content, respectively. The starch had oval and irregular granules with eccentric hila. Their starches had similar bimodal size distribution; the volume-weighted mean diameter was approximate 17 μm, and the peel starch had a slightly smaller granule size than the flesh starch. The maximum absorption wavelength was higher in peel starch than in flesh starch. The apparent amylose content of flesh and peel starch was 21.3% and 25.7%, respectively. The flesh and peel starches both exhibited B-type crystalline structures and had similar relative crystallinity, short-range ordered degrees, and lamellar structures. The swelling power was similar between flesh and peel starches, but the water solubility was higher in peel starch than in flesh starch at 95 °C. The peel starch had a higher gelatinization temperature than flesh starch, but their gelatinization temperature range and enthalpy were similar. Both flesh and peel starches showed a diphasic hydrolysis dynamic, but peel starch had higher resistance to porcine pancreatic α-amylase hydrolysis than flesh starch. The contents of rapidly digestible starch, slowly digestible starch, and the resistant starch of flesh and peel were 1.7%, 4.3%, 94.1% and 1.4%, 3.4%, 95.2%, respectively, for native starch, and 73.0%, 5.1%, 21.9%, and 72.3%, 4.5%, 23.2%, respectively, for gelatinized starch.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL, GRANULOMETRIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WHOLE FLOURS FROM COMMERCIAL CULTIVARS OF COWPEA

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
MAIARA JAIANNE BEZERRA LEAL RIOS ◽  
KAESEL JACKSON DAMASCENO-SILVA ◽  
REGILDA SARAIVA DOS REIS MOREIRA-ARAÚJO ◽  
EVÂNIA ALTINA TEIXEIRA DE FIGUEIREDO ◽  
MAURISRAEL DE MOURA ROCHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Flour Production

ABSTRACT Flour production through milling is an alternative for the cowpea processing, when the aim is to obtain a product with higher added value. The objective of this work was to determine the chemical composition, the granulometry, and evaluate the microbiological characteristics of whole-bean flours from five cowpea cultivars (BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba, BRS Xiquexique, BRS Novaera and BRS Itaim). Cowpea beans were dried in a oven (Fanem, 320-SE) at 50 °C for 6 hours, milled in a cyclone-type rotor mill (Tecnal, TE-651/2) and, subsequently, in a pulverizer-type semi-industrial mill (Fritsch, Pulverisette 14) to obtain the flour. The flour centesimal composition, total energetic value, mineral content, granulometry, microbiological characteristics, and technological properties-flour water absorption and solubility in water-were analyzed. All analyzes were performed in triplicate and the results expressed in mean ± standard deviation. The means were compared by the Scott-Knott test (p ≤ 0.05). The flour centesimal composition presented (g per 100 g of flour): 7.13 to 10.33 of moisture, 2.06 to 3.65 of ashes, 1.53 g to 2.90 of lipids, 21.73 to 25.77 of proteins, and 58.08 to 64.02 of carbohydrate. The flours had on average 359.04 Kcal (100 g) and presented high iron, zinc, copper, manganese, phosphorus and magnesium contents. The whole-bean flours from the cultivars BRS Cauamé and BRS Xiquexique are sources of calcium. Regarding the microbiological characteristics, all flours are innocuous. The water absorption index were within 1.77 and 2.20 g g-1 and the water solubility index within 17 and 23%. All whole-bean flours had good nutritional, technological and microbiological characteristics, and thus potential for use in bakery products.

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