An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Common-Rail Injection System Parameters on Emissions and Performance in a High-Speed Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Tennison ◽  
R. Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Common Rail Injection System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Emissions And Performance

An investigation of the effect of injection parameters on emissions and performance in an automotive diesel engine was conducted. A high-pressure common-rail injection system was used with a dual-guided valve covered orifice nozzle tip. The engine was a four-valve single cylinder high-speed direct-injection diesel engine with a displacement of approximately 12 liter and simulated turbocharging. The engine experiments were conducted at full load and 1004 and 1757 rev/min, and the effects of injection pressure, multiple injections (single vs pilot with main), and pilot injection timing on emissions and performance were studied. Increasing the injection pressure from 600 to 800 bar reduced the smoke emissions by over 50 percent at retarded injection timings with no penalty in oxides of nitrogen NOx or brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Pilot injection cases exhibited slightly higher smoke levels than single injection cases but had similar NOx levels, while the single injection cases exhibited slightly better BSFC. The start-of-injection (SOI) of the pilot was varied while holding the main SOI constant and the effect on emissions was found to be small compared to changes resulting from varying the main injection timing. Interestingly, the point of autoignition of the pilot was found to occur at a nearly constant crank angle regardless of pilot injection timing (for early injection timings) indicating that the ignition delay of the pilot is a chemical delay and not a physical (mixing) one. As the pilot timing was advanced the mixture became overmixed, and an increase of over 50 percent in the unburned hydrocarbon emissions was observed at the most advanced pilot injection timing.

Effect of Swirl Ratio and Injection Pressure on Autoignition, Combustion and Emissions in a High Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fuelled With Biodiesel (B-20)

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Nagaraju ◽  
Mufaddel Dahodwala ◽  
Kaushik Acharya ◽  
Walter Bryzik ◽  
Naeim A. Henein
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Combustible Mixture ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Ignition Process ◽  
Swirl Ratio ◽  
Mixture Formation ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Biodiesel has different physical and chemical properties than ultra low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD). The low volatility of biodiesel is expected to affect the physical processes, mainly fuel evaporation and combustible mixture formation. The higher cetane number of biodiesel is expected to affect the rates of the chemical reactions. The combination of these two fuel properties has an impact on the auto ignition process, subsequently combustion and engine out emissions. Applying different swirl ratios and injection pressures affect both the physical and chemical processes. The focus of this paper is to investigate the effect of varying the swirl ratio and injection pressure in a single-cylinder research diesel engine using a blend of biodiesel and ULSD fuel. The engine is a High Speed Direct Injection (HSDI) equipped with a common rail injection system, EGR system and a swirl control mechanism. The engine is operated under simulated turbocharged conditions with 3 bar Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) at 1500 rpm, using 100% ULSD and a blend of 20% biodiesel and 80% ULSD fuel. The biodiesel is developed from soy bean oil. A detailed analysis of the apparent rate of heat release (ARHR) is made to determine the role of the biodiesel component of B-20 in the combustible mixture formation, autoignition process, premixed, mixing controlled and diffusion controlled combustion fractions. The results explain the factors that cause an increase or a drop in NOx emissions reported in the literature when using biodiesel.

scholarly journals Theoretical study to determine the proper injection system for upgrading fuel system of diesel engine om357 to common rail system

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2594
Author(s):  
Razieh Pourdarbani ◽  
Ramin Aminfar
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Common Rail System ◽  
Common Rail Injection System ◽  
Multi Stage

In this research, we tried to investigate all the fuel injection systems of diesel engines in order to select the most suitable fuel injection system for the OM357 diesel engine to achieve the highest efficiency, maximize output torque and reduce emissions and even reduce fuel consumption. The prevailing strategy for this study was to investigate the effect of injection pressure changes, injection timing and multi-stage injection. By comparing the engines equipped with common rail injection system, the proposed injector for engine OM357 is solenoid, due to the cost of this type of injector, MAP and controller (ECU). It is clear that this will not be possible only with the optimization of the injection system, and so other systems that influence engine performance such as the engine's respiratory system and combustion chamber shape, etc. should also be optimized. 

A New Predictive ID Model for Advanced High Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engines

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lurun Zhong ◽  
Naeim A. Henein ◽  
Walter Bryzik
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Common Rail Injection System ◽  
Common Rail Injection ◽  
Starting Conditions

Advance high speed direct injection diesel engines apply high injection pressures, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), injection timing and swirl ratios to control the combustion process in order to meet the strict emission standards. All these parameters affect, in different ways, the ignition delay (ID) which has an impact on premixed, mixing controlled and diffusion controlled combustion fractions and the resulting engine-out emissions. In this study, the authors derive a new correlation to predict the ID under the different operating conditions in advanced diesel engines. The model results are validated by experimental data in a single-cylinder, direct injection diesel engine equipped with a common rail injection system at different speeds, loads, EGR ratios and swirl ratios. Also, the model is used to predict the performance of two other diesel engines under cold starting conditions.

Response Surface Method Optimization of a High-Speed Direct-Injection Diesel Engine Equipped With a Common Rail Injection System

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lee ◽  
R. D. Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Common Rail Injection System ◽  
Rsm Optimization ◽  
Common Rail Injection

To overcome the tradeoff between NOx and particulate emissions for future diesel vehicles and engines it is necessary to seek methods to lower pollutant emissions. The desired simultaneous improvement in fuel efficiency for future DI diesels is also a difficult challenge due to the combustion modifications that will be required to meet the exhaust emission mandates. This study demonstrates the emission reduction capability of EGR and other parameters on a high-speed direct-injection (HSDI) diesel engine equipped with a common rail injection system using an RSM optimization method. Engine testing was done at 1757 rev/min, 45% load. The variables used in the optimization process included injection pressure, boost pressure, injection timing, and EGR rate. RSM optimization led engine operating parameters to reach a low-temperature and premixed combustion regime called the MK combustion region, and resulted in simultaneous reductions in NOx and particulate emissions without sacrificing fuel efficiency. It was shown that RSM optimization is an effective and powerful tool for realizing the full advantages of the combined effects of combustion control techniques by optimizing their parameters. It was also shown that through a close observation of optimization processes, a more thorough understanding of HSDI diesel combustion can be provided.

Experimental Investigation of Thermal Load in High Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engine Under the Control of Various Engine Performance Parameters

2010 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeonghoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Main Injection ◽  
Vibration Noise

Multiple injection strategies are being widely utilized to reduce the vibration, noise, and particle emission in diesel engines. A considerable amount of research related to attempts to increase the maximum power and to reduce vibration, noise, and particulate matters has been done. However, investigations of various performance parameters in terms of the thermal load in high speed direct injection engines are rarely to be found despite the fact that the relationship between these parameters and the reliability of the engine is important for mass production. Hence, the thermal load imposed on the cylinder head and cylinder block of a four-cylinder diesel engine was investigated under the most severe test conditions, at the rated speed and with a full load, by changing the performance parameters such as the main injection timing, the fuel pressure in the common rail, the boost pressure, the exhaust gas recirculation, the fuel quantity of the pilot injection, the timing of the pilot injection, the fuel quantity of the postinjection, and the timing of postinjection. Experimental results showed that the main injection timing among other parameters was the parameter that influenced the thermal load most at the rated engine speed and under a full load condition.

scholarly journals Influence of Ultra Injection Pressure with Dynamic Injection Timing on CRDI Engine Performance Using Simarouba Biodiesel Blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 5748-5759
Author(s):  
Srinath Pai ◽  
Abdul Sharief ◽  
Shiva Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
High Speed Diesel ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Smoke Opacity

A single cylinder diesel engine upgraded to operate Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) system and employed in this investigation. Tests were conducted on this engine using High-Speed diesel (HSD) and Simarouba biodiesel (SOME) blends to determine the influence of Injection Pressure (IP) and Injection Timing (IT) on the performance and emissions. Four unique IP of 400 bar to 1000 bar, in steps of 200 bar and four differing ITs of 10°, 13°, 15° and 18° before Top Dead Center (bTDC) combinations were attempted for the 25% to full load. Compression Ratio (CR) of 16.5 and Engine speed of 1500 RPM was kept constant during all trails. Critical performance parameter like Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) were analyzed, primary emission parameters of the diesel engine The NOx and Smoke opacity were recorded. Finally, the outcomes of each combination were discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of pilot injection timing and EGR on a modern V6 common rail direct injection diesel engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 012008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Rosli Abdullah ◽  
Rizalman Mamat ◽  
Miroslaw L Wyszynski ◽  
Anthanasios Tsolakis ◽  
Hongming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Direct Injection Diesel Engine

CFD Modelling of the Effects of Injection Timing on the Combustion Process and Emissions in an HSDI Diesel Engine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raouf Mobasheri ◽  
Zhijun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Combustion Modeling ◽  
Pressure Trace ◽  
Hsdi Diesel Engine

High-Speed Direct Injection (HSDI) diesel engines are increasingly used in automotive applications due to superior fuel economy. An advanced CFD simulation has been carried out to analyze the effect of injection timing on combustion process and emission characteristics in a four valves 2.0L Ford diesel engine. The calculation was performed from intake valve closing (IVC) to exhaust valve opening (EVO) at constant speed of 1600 rpm. Since the work was concentrated on the spray injection, mixture formation and combustion process, only a 60° sector mesh was employed for the calculations. For combustion modeling, an improved version of the Coherent Flame Model (ECFM-3Z) has been applied accompanied with advanced models for emission modeling. The results of simulation were compared against experimental data. Good agreement of calculated and measured in-cylinder pressure trace and pollutant formation trends were observed for all investigated operating points. In addition, the results showed that the current CFD model can be applied as a beneficial tool for analyzing the parameters of the diesel combustion under HSDI operating condition.

Spray and Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel∕Diesel Blended Fuel in a Direct Injection Common-Rail Diesel Engine

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Kyu Suh ◽  
Hyun Gu Roh ◽  
Chang Sik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
Conventional Diesel Fuel

The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the blending ratio and pilot injection on the spray and combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuel and compare these factors with those of diesel fuel in a direct injection common-rail diesel engine. In order to study the factors influencing the spray and combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuel, experiments involving exhaust emissions and engine performance were conducted at various biodiesel blending ratios and injection conditions for engine operating conditions. The macroscopic and microscopic spray characteristics of biodiesel fuel, such as injection rate, split injection effect, spray tip penetration, droplet diameter, and axial velocity distribution, were compared with the results from conventional diesel fuel. For biodiesel blended fuel, it was revealed that a higher injection pressure is needed to achieve the same injection rate at a higher blending ratio. The spray tip penetration of biodiesel fuel was similar to that of diesel. The atomization characteristics of biodiesel show that it has higher Sauter mean diameter and lower spray velocity than conventional diesel fuel due to high viscosity and surface tension. The peak combustion pressures of diesel and blending fuel increased with advanced injection timing and the combustion pressure of biodiesel fuel is higher than that of diesel fuel. As the pilot injection timing is retarded to 15deg of BTDC that is closed by the top dead center, the dissimilarities of diesel and blending fuels combustion pressure are reduced. It was found that the pilot injection enhanced the deteriorated spray and combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuel caused by different physical properties of the fuel.

An Experimental Study on Smoke Reduction Effect of Post Injection in Combination With Pilot Injection for a Diesel Engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Liu ◽  
Naoto Horibe ◽  
Tatsuya Komizo ◽  
Issei Tamura ◽  
Takuji Ishiyama
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Spray Flames ◽  
Injection Quantity ◽  
Main Injection ◽  
Reduction Effect

With the universal utilization of the common-rail injection system in automotive diesel engines, the multistage injection strategies have become typical approaches to satisfy the increasingly stringent emission regulations, and especially the post injection has received considerable attention as an effective way for reducing the smoke emissions. Normally the post injection is applied in combination with the pilot injection to restrain the NOx emissions, smoke emissions, and combustion noise simultaneously, and the pilot injection condition affects the combustion process of the main injection and might affect the smoke reduction effect of the post injection. Thus this study aims at obtaining the post injection strategy to reduce smoke emissions in a diesel engine, where post injection is employed in combination with pilot injection. The experiments were performed using a single-cylinder diesel engine under various conditions of pilot and post injection with a constant load at an IMEP of 1.01 MPa, fixed speed of 1500 rpm, and NOx emissions concentration of 150 ± 5 ppm that was maintained by adjusting the EGR ratio. The injection pressure was set at 90 MPa at first, and then it was varied to 125 MPa to evaluate the effects of post injection on the smoke reduction in the case of higher injection pressure. The experimental results show that small post injection quantity with a short interval from the end of main injection causes less smoke emissions. And larger pilot injection quantity and later pilot injection timing lead to higher smoke emissions. And then, to explore and interpret the smoke emissions tendencies with varying pilot and post injection conditions, the experimental results of three-stage injection conditions were compared to those of two reference cases, which only included the pilot and main injection, and the interaction between main spray flames and post sprays was applied for analysis. Based on the comparative analysis, the larger smoke reduction effect of post injection was observed with the larger pilot injection quantity, while it is not greatly influenced by pilot injection timing. In addition, the smoke emissions can be reduced considerably by increasing the injection pressure, however the smoke reduction effect of post injection was attenuated. And all of these tendencies were able to be interpreted by considering the intensity variation of the interaction between main spray flames and post sprays.

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