Wear of Physical Vapor Deposition TiN Coatings Sliding Against Cr-Steel and WC Counterbodies

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kee-Rong Wu ◽  
Raymond G. Bayer ◽  
Peter A. Engel ◽  
D. C. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Deposition Temperature ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Chromium Steel ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Auger Microscopy

Cutting tools are often coated with titanium nitride (TiN) for its good wear resistance. The method of coating by physical vapor deposition (PVD) has many superior features over other methods of deposition. Among the parameters affecting the wear resistance of PVD TiN coatings, the most crucial ones are the deposition temperature and the coating thickness. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the wear characteristics of PVD TiN coatings produced at two deposition temperatures (around 220°C and 371°C) and for a range of coating thicknesses (0.48 μm to 3.25 μm). A ball-on-flat configuration was used in the study. The flat specimen, made of M2 tool steel coated with TiN, was slid against a 52100 chromium steel (Cr-steel) or a tungsten carbide (WC) ball, dry. These two counterbody materials were chosen because of their different properties. The wear volume was measured and wear scar examined with a 3-D optical profilometer. The worn surfaces and debris were analyzed with scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) and an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). Quantitative data were obtained for the wear volume and coefficient of friction (COF) as functions of the sliding cycles. In the case of TiN versus Cr-steel, the presence of transferred wear debris on the flattened ball surface and iron oxide in the wear tracks of the coating surface was a major factor controlling the wear behavior. In the case of TiN versus WC, no transferred layers were observed; instead, the presence of flake type debris from the coating in the wear tracks appeared to be the controlling factor. It was concluded that deposition temperature, coating thickness, and counterface influenced wear behavior. For the lower deposition temperature, wear was significantly reduced by thinner coatings. However, for the higher deposition temperature, wear reduction was only obtained with the Cr-steel counterface.

Friction and Wear Behavior of a Physical Vapor Deposition Coating Studied Using a Micro-Scratch Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaouther Khlifi ◽  
Hafedh Dhiflaoui ◽  
Chokri Ben Aissa ◽  
Najoua Barhoumi ◽  
Ahmed Ben Cheikh Larbi
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Wear Coefficient

Abstract CrSiN coating was deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) magnetron sputtering on XC100 steel substrate. Microstructural and morphological properties were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Nanoindentation and scratching experiments were conducted to study the mechanical and adhesion behavior. Multi-pass scratch tests were conducted under different sliding conditions. Results showed that CrSiN coating has a dense and compact nanocomposite microstructure consisting of CrN nanocrystallites and SiN amorphous matrix. The CrSiN thin film exhibit hardness and Young's modulus of 30.52 ± 1.85 GPa and 338.32 ± 13.5 GPa, respectively. The H/E, H3/E2, and 1/HE2 ratios were also calculated (H/E ≈ 0.09, H3/E2 ≈ 0.024, and 1/HE2 ≈ 2.86 × 10−07) and used to predict and assess the elastic/plastic and wear resistance. Critical loads LC1, LC2, and LC3 obtained with scratch test, were, respectively, 11.5 ± 0.12, 16.6 ± 0.23, and 20 ± 0.35 N. Multi-pass scratch were analyzed and the friction coefficient (COF), the damage mechanism, and wear volume were determined. The use of an energetic approach allowed to determine the energetic wear coefficient. CrSiN coating revealed a low friction coefficient (around 0.1) and a low energetic wear coefficient (6.3 × 10−7 mm3/N.m). In addition, it was found that multi-pass scratch method has the potential to extract relevant information about wear behavior.

A novel method for in-situ synthesized TiN coatings by plasma spray-physical vapor deposition

2018 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Song ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Zi-Qian Deng ◽  
Shao-Peng Niu ◽  
Chun-Ming Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Spray ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Novel Method

Comparative study of corrosion and corrosion-wear behavior of TiN and CrN coatings on UNS S17400 stainless steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Olia ◽  
Reza Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi ◽  
Fakhreddin Ashrafizadeh ◽  
Iman Ebrahimzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Corrosion Wear ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrochemical Tests

AbstractPhysical vapor deposition (PVD) multilayered coatings with titanium nitride and chromium nitride top layers were deposited on UNS S17400 alloy in an attempt to improve the corrosion and corrosion-wear resistance of this stainless steel in corrosive environments. The coatings were produced in an industrial chamber by cathodic arc PVD on heat-treated and mechanically polished stainless steel specimens. The microstructures of the substrates and coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy system. To evaluate the corrosion and corrosion-wear resistance, reciprocating-sliding tribometer and electrochemical tests were conducted in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results showed that nitride coatings possess, in general, better corrosion and corrosion-wear resistance compared with bare S17400 substrates. Specimens with CrN top coating revealed a typical compact structure and superior corrosion resistance compared with substrate and TiN top coating. However, the sliding motion damaged the surface with some microcracks on the coating, which act as the diffusion channels for NaCl solution; both TiN and CrN top coats experienced approximately similar behavior in corrosion-wear open-circuit potential testing.

Effect of Oxidation on the Wear Behavior of a ZrN Coating

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 1459-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdem Atar ◽  
H. Çimenoğlu ◽  
E.S. Kayali
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Oxidation Treatment ◽  
Vapor Deposition Technique ◽  
Aisi D2 ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition Technique ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel ◽  
Wear Tests

In the present study tribological performance of ZrN coatings deposited on hardened AISI D2 quality cold work tool steel by arc-Physical Vapor Deposition technique has been examined in as-deposited and oxidized conditions. ZrN coatings were oxidized at 400 oC for various times up to 12 h. Reciprocating wear tests carried out by rubbing Al2O3 balls on the coatings, revealed significant improvement in wear resistance of ZrN coating upon oxidation. Oxidation treatment at 400 oC for 12 h yielded seven times higher wear resistance than as-deposited ZrN coating, beside significant reduction in the wear of counterface (Al2O3 ball).

INFLUENCE OF COMMERCIAL PVD DEPOSITION PARAMETERS WHEN PRODUCING TIN COATINGS

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (25n27) ◽  
pp. 4267-4272 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARDONNAY BLISS ◽  
BRYONY JAMES
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Substrate Bias Voltage ◽  
Functional Applications ◽  
Pvd Coating ◽  
Cathodic Arc

Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) is a coating technique that relies on the creation of a vapor phase, under vacuum conditions, that condenses on a substrate to form a coating. PVD coatings of titanium nitride are commonly used in functional applications to promote faster cutting speeds and to prolong tool life, leading to operational cost savings and improved productivity. Some of the limitations of a PVD coating for functional applications are based on the coating thickness, where a lower coating thickness reduces the wear volume available on a contacting surface. Also of issue is the presence of globules or "macros" in the coating resulting in a non-homogeneous, rougher surface. The formation of macros in a PVD coating is particularly associated with the cathodic arc PVD system. This study investigated the effects of chamber pressure, substrate bias voltage and arc current and their interaction, on physical parameters of titanium nitride coatings deposited in a commercial cathodic arc PVD system. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to provide a measure of the consistency of the coating topography and an indication of the number of macros in the coatings. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to provide numerical values for the roughness of the coatings. The information from these two instruments was combined to provide the optimum processing conditions for the reduction of macros.

EFFECT OF COATING THICKNESS ON THE PROPERTIES OF TiN COATINGS DEPOSITED ON TOOL STEELS USING CATHODIC ARC PVD TECHNIQUE

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MUBARAK ◽  
PARVEZ AKHTER ◽  
ESAH HAMZAH ◽  
MOHD RADZI HJ. MOHD TOFF ◽  
ISHTIAQ A. QAZI
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Cathodic Arc

Titanium nitride ( TiN ) widely used as hard coating material, was coated on tool steels, namely on high-speed steel (HSS) and D2 tool steel by physical vapor deposition method. The study concentrated on cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (CAPVD), a technique used for the deposition of hard coatings for tooling applications, and which has many advantages. The main drawback of this technique, however, is the formation of macrodroplets (MDs) during deposition, resulting in films with rougher morphology. Various standard characterization techniques and equipment, such as electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, hardness testing machine, scratch tester, and pin-on-disc machine, were used to analyze and quantify the following properties and parameters: surface morphology, thickness, hardness, adhesion, and coefficient of friction (COF) of the deposited coatings. Surface morphology revealed that the MDs produced during the etching stage, protruded through the TiN film, resulting in film with deteriorated surface features. Both coating thickness and indentation loads influenced the hardness of the deposited coatings. The coatings deposited on HSS exhibit better adhesion compared to those on D2 tool steel. Standard deviation indicates that the coating deposited with thickness around 6.7 μm showed the most stable trend of COF versus sliding distance.

A comparative study on the high temperature dry sliding wear behavior of TiN and AlTiN/TiSiN coatings fabricated by PVD technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 861-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Altaş ◽  
Azmi Erdogan ◽  
Fatih Koçyiğit
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Microstructural Investigation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Temperature Wear

Purpose This study aims to investigate the high-temperature wear behavior of the TiN- and AlTiN/TiSiN-coated WC materials. Design/methodology/approach The coating process was carried out using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. Wear tests were performed by a ball-on-disc wear device with a high-temperature wear module. In microstructural investigation of the materials, it was benefited from traditional characterization methods such as, SEM, EDX analysis and microhardness measurement. Findings The best wear performance was obtained with AlTiN/TiSiN-coated WC materials at all loads and temperatures, followed by TiN-coated and uncoated WC samples. An important wear was not observed on the samples tested at room temperature tests. It was found that the temperature increase is an effective parameter on the decrease of the wear resistance of the samples. In addition, it was seen that the increasing load and temperature change the wear mechanism on the uncoated WC sample. The wear mechanisms observed at high temperatures were delamination and oxidation for the WC, fatigue for AlTiN/TiSiN-coated WC and micro-scratch and micro-spalling for TiN-coated WC. Originality/value The results of the experimental studies demonstrated that hard coatings improving wear resistance of WC.

Modeling of TiN Coating Thickness Using ANFIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 575 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Syukor Mohamad Jaya ◽  
A. Samad Hasan Basari ◽  
Sazalinsyah Razali ◽  
Muhd Razali Muhamad ◽  
Md Nizam Abd Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Residual Error ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Anfis Model ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Tin Coatings

In this paper, an approach in predicting thickness of Titanium Aluminum Nitrite (TiN) coatings using Adaptive Network Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is implemented. The TiN coatings were coated on tungsten carbide (WC) using Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) magnetron sputtering process. The N2 pressure, argon pressure and turntable speed were selected as the input parameters and the coating thickness as an output of the process. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to design the matrix in collecting the experimental data. In the ANFIS structure, three bell shapes were used as input membership function (MFs). The collected experimental data was used to train the ANFIS model. Then, the ANFIS model was validated with confirmatory test data and compared with other prediction models in terms of the root mean square error (RMSE), residual error and prediction accuracy. The result indicated that the developed ANFIS model result was the lowest RMSE7 and average residual error, besides the highest in prediction accuracy compared to the other models. The result also indicated that the limited experimental data could be used in training the ANFIS model and resulting accurate predictive result.

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