EFFECT OF COATING THICKNESS ON THE PROPERTIES OF TiN COATINGS DEPOSITED ON TOOL STEELS USING CATHODIC ARC PVD TECHNIQUE

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MUBARAK ◽  
PARVEZ AKHTER ◽  
ESAH HAMZAH ◽  
MOHD RADZI HJ. MOHD TOFF ◽  
ISHTIAQ A. QAZI
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Cathodic Arc

Titanium nitride ( TiN ) widely used as hard coating material, was coated on tool steels, namely on high-speed steel (HSS) and D2 tool steel by physical vapor deposition method. The study concentrated on cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (CAPVD), a technique used for the deposition of hard coatings for tooling applications, and which has many advantages. The main drawback of this technique, however, is the formation of macrodroplets (MDs) during deposition, resulting in films with rougher morphology. Various standard characterization techniques and equipment, such as electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, hardness testing machine, scratch tester, and pin-on-disc machine, were used to analyze and quantify the following properties and parameters: surface morphology, thickness, hardness, adhesion, and coefficient of friction (COF) of the deposited coatings. Surface morphology revealed that the MDs produced during the etching stage, protruded through the TiN film, resulting in film with deteriorated surface features. Both coating thickness and indentation loads influenced the hardness of the deposited coatings. The coatings deposited on HSS exhibit better adhesion compared to those on D2 tool steel. Standard deviation indicates that the coating deposited with thickness around 6.7 μm showed the most stable trend of COF versus sliding distance.

MACRODROPLET REDUCTION AND GROWTH MECHANISMS IN CATHODIC ARC PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF TiN FILMS

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUBARAK ALI ◽  
ESAH HAMZAH ◽  
TAHIR ABBAS ◽  
MOHD RADZI HJ. MOHD TOFF ◽  
ISHTIAQ A. QAZI
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Cathodic Arc

Cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (CAPVD) a technique used for the deposition of hard coatings for tooling applications has many advantages. The main drawback of this technique is the formation of macrodroplets (MDs) during deposition resulting in films with rougher morphology. The MDs contamination and growth mechanisms was investigated in TiN coatings over high-speed steel, as a function of metal ion etching, substrate bias, and nitrogen gas flow rate; it was observed that the latter is the most important factor in controlling the size and number of the macrodroplets.

ADHESION STRENGTH OF TiN COATINGS AT VARIOUS ION ETCHING DEPOSITED ON TOOL STEELS USING CATHODIC ARC PVD TECHNIQUE

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUBARAK ALI ◽  
ESAH HAMZAH ◽  
NOUMAN ALI
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Ion Etching ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition Method

Titanium nitride ( TiN ) widely used as hard coating material was coated on tool steels, namely on high-speed steel (HSS) and D2 tool steel by physical vapor deposition method. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of ion etching with and without titanium ( Ti ) and chromium ( Cr ) on the adhesion strength of TiN coatings deposited on tool steels. From the scratch tester, it was observed that by increasing Ti ion etching showed an increase in adhesion strength of the deposited coatings. The coatings deposited with Cr ion etching showed poor adhesion compared with the coatings deposited with Ti ion etching. Scratch test measurements showed that the coating deposited with titanium ion etching for 16 min is the most stable coating and maintained even at the critical load of 66 N. The curve obtained via penetration depth along the scratch trace is linear in the case of HSS, whereas is slightly flexible in the case of D2 tool steel. The coatings deposited on HSS exhibit better adhesion compared with those on D2 tool steel.

scholarly journals Threading Performance of Different Coatings for High Speed Steel Tapping

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Alain Gil Del Val ◽  
Fernando Veiga ◽  
Octavio Pereira ◽  
Luis Norberto Lopez De Lacalle
Keyword(s):  
Tool Life ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Tialn Coating ◽  
Tool Performance ◽  
Thread Profile ◽  
Increase Tool Life

Threading holes using tapping tools is a widely used machining operation in the industry. This manufacturing process involves a great tool immersion in the part, which involves both friction and cutting. This makes the use of coatings critical to improving tool life. Four coatings are used based on Physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology—TiN, TiCN, TiAlN and TiAlN+WC/C are compared to uncoated tool performance. The effect of various coatings on the life of M12 × 1.5 tapping tools during threading of through holes 20 mm deep, in GG25 casting plates, dry and applying cutting speed of 50 m/min. The end-of-life criterion has been established based on a cutting torque of 16 N-m. Taking the uncoated tap as a basis for comparison, it is observed that coatings based on PVD technologies increase tool life doubling in the most advantageous case with the TiAlN coating. PVD type coatings provide better protection to wear at cylindrical area of the tool, where the thread profile is finished, than uncoated taps. The teeth located in the cone-cylinder transition zone of the taps suffer the most wear regardless of the coating. However, taps coated with TiAlN+WC/C wear level values is lowest of all the coatings tested, which indicates a strong reinforcement in these teeth.

Biomineralization of Titanium Alloy with Surface Micro - and Nanoscaled Modifications

2019 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Maria P. Nikolova ◽  
Stefan Valkov ◽  
Stoyan Parshorov ◽  
Emil Yankov ◽  
Peter Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Electrochemical Stability ◽  
Immersion Period ◽  
Initial Decrease ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Cathodic Arc ◽  
Deposition Techniques

The aim of the present study was to characterize two kinds of TiN/TiO2 coatings in terms of topography, composition, and electrochemical stability after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). Micropatterning of the substrate (Ti-5Al-4V alloy) was done by using electron beam modification (EBM) by scanning electron beam while nanostructured TiN/TiO2 films were deposited over EBM Ti5Al4V substrates using two physical vapor deposition techniques: 1) magnetron sputtering, and 2) cathodic arc and glow-discharge methods. When immersed for 7 and 14 days in SBF at static conditions (37±0.05 °C, pH 7.4), Ca/P ratio of the apatite deposits increased from approximately 1.5 up to near stoichiometric (1.67), respectively. After the initial decrease, the pH of the solution during soaking increased gradually reaching values close to 7.7 for both coatings. However, the weight gain of the samples with Arc coatings after the immersion period in SBF was nearly three times more than those with magnetron deposited coating. The electrochemical potentiodynamic tests performed in SBF indicated a shift in the corrosion potentials towards nobler direction after 7 and 14 days of immersion compared to non-immersed samples, whereas the corrosion current density was slightly increased.

Surface morphology of C60 polycrystalline films from physical vapor deposition

2001 ◽  
Vol 396 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reui-San Chen ◽  
Yi-Jie Lin ◽  
Yu-Ching Su ◽  
Kuan-Cheng Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Polycrystalline Films

Wear of Physical Vapor Deposition TiN Coatings Sliding Against Cr-Steel and WC Counterbodies

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kee-Rong Wu ◽  
Raymond G. Bayer ◽  
Peter A. Engel ◽  
D. C. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Deposition Temperature ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Chromium Steel ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Auger Microscopy

Cutting tools are often coated with titanium nitride (TiN) for its good wear resistance. The method of coating by physical vapor deposition (PVD) has many superior features over other methods of deposition. Among the parameters affecting the wear resistance of PVD TiN coatings, the most crucial ones are the deposition temperature and the coating thickness. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the wear characteristics of PVD TiN coatings produced at two deposition temperatures (around 220°C and 371°C) and for a range of coating thicknesses (0.48 μm to 3.25 μm). A ball-on-flat configuration was used in the study. The flat specimen, made of M2 tool steel coated with TiN, was slid against a 52100 chromium steel (Cr-steel) or a tungsten carbide (WC) ball, dry. These two counterbody materials were chosen because of their different properties. The wear volume was measured and wear scar examined with a 3-D optical profilometer. The worn surfaces and debris were analyzed with scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) and an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). Quantitative data were obtained for the wear volume and coefficient of friction (COF) as functions of the sliding cycles. In the case of TiN versus Cr-steel, the presence of transferred wear debris on the flattened ball surface and iron oxide in the wear tracks of the coating surface was a major factor controlling the wear behavior. In the case of TiN versus WC, no transferred layers were observed; instead, the presence of flake type debris from the coating in the wear tracks appeared to be the controlling factor. It was concluded that deposition temperature, coating thickness, and counterface influenced wear behavior. For the lower deposition temperature, wear was significantly reduced by thinner coatings. However, for the higher deposition temperature, wear reduction was only obtained with the Cr-steel counterface.

Large-Scale Manufacturing of Nanoscale Multilayered Hard Coatings Deposited by Cathodic Arc/Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-D. Münz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Unbalanced Magnetron ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Plastic Hardness ◽  
Corrosion Resistant Coatings ◽  
Cathodic Arc

AbstractNanoscale multilayered (superlattice) hard coatings can be manufactured in a plastic hardness range (HP) between 25GPa and 55 GPa by a combination of cathodic arc evaporation and unbalanced magnetron sputtering (arc bond sputter technology). Using large-scale industrial physical vapor deposition (PVD) equipment and a sufficiently high pumping speed, multilayered coatings can be deposited by simultaneously operating cathodes without special shutter and shielding facilities in a common reactive-gas atmosphere. The efficiency of the process is in many cases identical to that of TiN and CrN. Temperature-resistant, wear-resistant, and corrosion-resistant coatings of various compositions have been produced under industrial conditions. So far, the main applications concentrate on metal-forming and on cutting die steel, Inconel, stainless steel, and titanium. Applications have also been found in the chemical, textile, medical, and automotive industries.

INFLUENCE OF COMMERCIAL PVD DEPOSITION PARAMETERS WHEN PRODUCING TIN COATINGS

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (25n27) ◽  
pp. 4267-4272 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARDONNAY BLISS ◽  
BRYONY JAMES
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Substrate Bias Voltage ◽  
Functional Applications ◽  
Pvd Coating ◽  
Cathodic Arc

Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) is a coating technique that relies on the creation of a vapor phase, under vacuum conditions, that condenses on a substrate to form a coating. PVD coatings of titanium nitride are commonly used in functional applications to promote faster cutting speeds and to prolong tool life, leading to operational cost savings and improved productivity. Some of the limitations of a PVD coating for functional applications are based on the coating thickness, where a lower coating thickness reduces the wear volume available on a contacting surface. Also of issue is the presence of globules or "macros" in the coating resulting in a non-homogeneous, rougher surface. The formation of macros in a PVD coating is particularly associated with the cathodic arc PVD system. This study investigated the effects of chamber pressure, substrate bias voltage and arc current and their interaction, on physical parameters of titanium nitride coatings deposited in a commercial cathodic arc PVD system. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to provide a measure of the consistency of the coating topography and an indication of the number of macros in the coatings. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to provide numerical values for the roughness of the coatings. The information from these two instruments was combined to provide the optimum processing conditions for the reduction of macros.

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