Determination of Composition of Cellulose and Lignin Mixtures Using Thermogravimetric Analysis

The proportional composition of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and minerals in a biomass plays a significant role in the proportion of pyrolysis products (bio-oil, char, and gases). Traditionally, the composition of biomass is chemically determined, which is a time consuming process. This paper presents the results of a preliminary investigation of a method using thermogravimetric analysis for predicting the fraction of cellulose and lignin in lignin-cellulose mixtures. The concept is based on a newly developed theory of pyrolytic unit thermographs (PUTs). The PUT is a thermograph showing rate of change in biomass weight with respect to temperature for a unit weight loss. These PUTs were used as input for two predictive mathematical procedures that minimize noise to predict the fractional composition in unknown lignin-cellulose mixtures. The first model used linear correlations between cellulose/lignin content and peak decomposition rate while the second method used a system of linear equations. Results showed that both models predicted the composition of lignin-cellulose mixture within 7–18% of measured value. The promising results of this preliminary study will certainly motivate further refinement of this method through advanced research.

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Determination of Composition of Cellulose and Lignin Mixtures Using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)

15th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference ◽

10.1115/nawtec15-3222 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kaushlendra Singh ◽

Mark Risse ◽

K. C. Das ◽

John Worley

Keyword(s):

Lignin Content ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Linear Equations ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Thermo Gravimetric ◽

Bio Oil

The proportional composition of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and minerals in a biomass plays a significant role in the proportion of pyrolysis products (bio-oil, char, and gases). Traditionally, the composition of biomass is chemically determined, which is a time consuming process. This paper presents the results of a preliminary investigation of a method using thermo-gravimetric analysis for predicting the fraction of cellulose and lignin in lignin-cellulose mixtures. The concept is based on a newly developed theory of Pyrolytic Unit Thermographs (PUT). The Pyrolytic Unit Thermograph (PUT) is a thermograph showing rate of change of biomass weight with respect to temperature for a unit weight loss. These PUTs were used as input for two predictive mathematical procedures that minimize noise to predict the fractional composition in unknown lignin-cellulose mixtures. The first model used linear correlations between cellulose/lignin content and peak decomposition rate while the second method used a system of linear equations. Results showed that both models predicted the composition of lignin-cellulose mixture within 7 to 18% of measured value. The promising results of this preliminary study will certainly motivate further refinement of this method through advanced research.

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Determination of Hemicellulose, Cellulose, and Lignin Content in Different Types of Biomasses by Thermogravimetric Analysis and Pseudocomponent Kinetic Model (TGA-PKM Method)

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8091048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1048

Author(s):

David Díez ◽

Ana Urueña ◽

Raúl Piñero ◽

Aitor Barrio ◽

Tarja Tamminen

Keyword(s):

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Kinetic Model ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Low Cost ◽

Biomass Composition ◽

Fast Method ◽

Additional Information ◽

Extraction And Purification ◽

Different Types

The standard method for determining the biomass composition, in terms of main lignocellulosic fraction (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) contents, is by chemical method; however, it is a slow and expensive methodology, which requires complex techniques and the use of multiple chemical reagents. The main objective of this article is to provide a new efficient, low-cost and fast method for the determination of the main lignocellulosic fraction contents of different types of biomasses from agricultural by-products to softwoods and hardwoods. The method is based on applying deconvolution techniques on the derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) pyrolysis curves obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) through a kinetic approach based on a pseudocomponent kinetic model (PKM). As a result, the new method (TGA-PKM) provides additional information regarding the ease of carrying out their degradation in comparison with other biomasses. The results obtained show a good agreement between experimental data from analytical procedures and the TGA-PKM method (±7%). This indicates that the TGA-PKM method can be used to have a good estimation of the content of the main lignocellulosic fractions without the need to carry out complex extraction and purification chemical treatments. In addition, the good quality of the fit obtained between the model and experimental DTG curves (R2Adj = 0.99) allows to obtain the characteristic kinetic parameters of each fraction.

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Investigation of biomass components on the slow pyrolysis products yield using Aspen Plus for techno-economic analysis

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery ◽

10.1007/s13399-020-01040-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Shahbaz ◽

Ahmed AlNouss ◽

Prakash Parthasarathy ◽

Ali H. Abdelaal ◽

Hamish Mackey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lignin Content ◽

Pyrolysis Product ◽

Aspen Plus ◽

Pyrolysis Products ◽

Slow Pyrolysis ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Biomass Components ◽

Solid Residence Time ◽

The Cost ◽

Selection Of

Abstract Prior information on the pyrolysis product behaviour of biomass components-cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin is critical in the selection of feedstock as components have a significant influence on the pyrolysis products yield. In this study, the effect of biomass components on the yield of slow pyrolysis products (char, bio-oil and syngas) is investigated using a validated ASPEN Plus® model. The model is simulated at a temperature of 450 °C, a heating rate of 10 °C/min and a solid residence time of 30 min. The results indicated that at the given conditions, lignin contributed 2.4 and 2.5 times more char yield than cellulose and hemicellulose. The hemicellulose contributed 1.33 times more syngas yield than lignin while the cellulose and hemicellulose contributed 8.67 times more bio-oil yield than lignin. Moreover, the cost involved in the production of char using lignin (110 $/ton) is significantly economical than using cellulose (285 $/ton) and hemicellulose (296 $/ton). The net CO2 emission of lignin pyrolysis is 4.14 times lower than cellulose pyrolysis and 3.94 times lower than hemicellulose pyrolysis. It can be concluded that lignin pyrolysis is more advantageous than cellulose and hemicellulose pyrolysis. In the selection of feedstock for the slow pyrolysis, the feedstock with more lignin content is preferred. Graphical abstract

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Characterization of Different Types of Biomass Wastes Using Thermogravimetric and ICP-MS Analyses

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.12.7797 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (12) ◽

pp. 4594-4600

Keyword(s):

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Food Industry ◽

Wood Waste ◽

Biomass Ash ◽

Minor Elements ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Different Types

The purpose of this study was to characterize some types of biomass wastes resulted from different activities such as: agriculture, forestry and food industry using thermogravimetric and ICP-MS analyses. Also, it was optimized an ICP-MS method for the determination of As, Cd and Pb from biomass ash samples. The ICP-MS analysis revealed that the highest concentration of metals (As, Cd, Pb) was recorded in the wood waste ash sample, also the thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the highest amount of ash was obtained for the same sample (26.82%). The biomass wastes mentioned in this study are alternative recyclable materials, reusable as pellets and briquettes. Keywords: ash, biomass, ICP-MS, minor elements, TG

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Bio-Oil Characterizations of Spirulina Platensis Residue (SPR) Pyrolysis Products for Renewable Energy Development

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.849.47 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 849 ◽

pp. 47-52

Author(s):

Siti Jamilatun ◽

Aster Rahayu ◽

Yano Surya Pradana ◽

Budhijanto ◽

Rochmadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Spirulina Platensis ◽

Pyrolysis Temperature ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Optimum Temperature ◽

Pyrolysis Products ◽

Bio Oil

Nowadays, energy consumption has increased as a population increases with socio-economic developments and improved living standards. Therefore, it is necessary to find a replacement for fossil energy with renewable energy sources, and the potential to develop is biofuels. Bio-oil, water phase, gas, and char products will be produced by utilizing Spirulina platensis (SPR) microalgae extraction residue as pyrolysis raw material. The purpose of this study is to characterize pyrolysis products and bio-oil analysis with GC-MS. Quality fuel is good if O/C is low, H/C is high, HHV is high, and oxygenate compounds are low, but aliphatic and aromatic are high. Pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 300-600°C with a feed of 50 grams in atmospheric conditions with a heating rate of 5-35°C/min, the equipment used was a fixed-bed reactor. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the bio-oil yield will be to an optimum temperature, then lower. The optimum temperature of pyrolysis is 550°C with a bio-oil yield of 23.99 wt%. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the H/C, the lower O/C. The optimum condition was reached at a temperature of 500°C with the values of H/C, and O/C is 1.17 and 0.47. With an increase in temperature of 300-600°C, HHV increased from 11.64 MJ/kg to 20.63 MJ/kg, the oxygenate compound decreased from 85.26 to 37.55 wt%. Aliphatics and aromatics increased, respectively, from 5.76 to 36.72 wt% and 1.67 to 6.67 wt%.

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A Comprehensive Thermogravimetric Analysis Multifaceted Method for the Exact Determination of the Composition of Multifunctional Metal‐Organic Framework Materials

European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry ◽

10.1002/ejic.202000656 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (45) ◽

pp. 4284-4294

Author(s):

Isabel Abánades Lázaro

Keyword(s):

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Framework Materials ◽

Exact Determination ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Organic Framework

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Colored cotton wastes valuation through thermal and catalytic reforming of pyrolysis vapors (Py-GC/MS)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95043-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Janduir Egito da Silva ◽

Guilherme Quintela Calixto ◽

Rodolfo Luiz Bezerra de Araújo Medeiros ◽

Marcus Antônio de Freitas Melo ◽

Dulce Maria de Araújo Melo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lignin Content ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Catalytic Reforming ◽

Pyrolysis Products ◽

Heating Value ◽

Colored Cotton ◽

Benzene Toluene ◽

Naturally Colored Cotton ◽

Main Influence

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the products of the catalytic pyrolysis of naturally colored cotton residues, type BRS (seeds from Brazil), called BRS-Verde, BRS-Rubi, BRS-Topázio and BRS-Jade. The energy characterization of biomass was evaluated through ultimate and proximate analysis, higher heating value, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content, thermogravimetric analysis and apparent density. Analytical pyrolysis was performed at 500 °C in an analytical pyrolyzer from CDS Analytical connected to a gas chromatograph coupled to the mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The pyrolysis vapors were reformed at 300 and 500 °C through thermal and catalytic cracking with zeolites (ZSM-5 and HZSM-5). It has been noticed that pyrolysis vapor reforming at 500 °C promoted partial deoxygenation and cracking reactions, while the catalytic reforming showed better results for the product deoxygenation. The catalyst reforming of pyrolysis products, especially using HZSM-5 at 500 °C, promoted the formation of monoaromatics such as benzene, toluene, xylene and styrene, which are important precursors of polymers, solvents and biofuels. The main influence on the yields of these aromatic products is due to the catalytic activity of ZSM-5 favored by increased temperature that promotes cracking reactions due expanded zeolites channels.

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Steel-shot method for measuring the density of soils

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/t10-034 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 47 (11) ◽

pp. 1299-1304 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Reed B. Freeman ◽

Chad A. Gartrell ◽

Lillian D. Wakeley ◽

Ernest S. Berney ◽

Julie R. Kelley

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Rapid Determination ◽

Content Volume ◽

Test Method ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Soil Density ◽

Engineering Construction ◽

Steel Shot ◽

Time Requirements

The density of soil is crucial in engineering, construction, and research. Standard methods to determine density use procedures, equipment or expendable materials that limit their effectiveness in challenging field conditions. Some methods require burdensome logistics or have time requirements that limit their use or the number of tests that can be executed. A test method, similar to the sand-cone method, was developed that uses steel shot as the material to which a volume of soil is compared to calculate soil density. Steel shot is easily recovered and reused, eliminating the need for specialty sand and calibrated cones or containers, and allows rapid determination of the volume of displaced soil. Excavated soil also provides measurements of total mass and moisture content. Volume, mass, and moisture content are applied in simple calculations to determine wet and dry densities and unit weight of the soil. Proficiency in performing the test can be achieved with minimal training, and the required kit can be assembled for a reasonable cost. Field uses of the method in dry environments in a variety of soil types demonstrated that the method can produce repeatable results within 2% of the values of soil density determined by traditional methods, with advantages in logistics.

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