CODAG Propulsion Machinery by Stal-Laval for Royal Danish Navy Frigates

1967 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo R. V. Kumlin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Jet Engine

Two gas turbine-powered frigates for the Royal Danish Navy will go on sea trials during 1966. The CODAG propulsion units have good fuel consumption characteristics and light weight. Freewheeling clutches on each prime mover and a controllable pitch propeller have simplified the gear arrangement and the maneuvering procedure. The jet engine-powered gas turbines and the gears are described in some detail in the paper, which ends with a summary of the results from shop tests with the complete propulsion units.

Marine Gas Turbine Performance Model for More Electric Ships

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Koutsothanasis ◽  
Anestis I. Kalfas ◽  
Georgios Doulgeris
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Creep Life ◽  
Hull Fouling ◽  
Turbine Performance

This paper presents the benefits of the more electric vessels powered by hybrid engines and investigates the suitability of a particular prime-mover for a specific ship type using a simulation environment which can approach the actual operating conditions. The performance of a mega yacht (70m), powered by two 4.5MW recuperated gas turbines is examined in different voyage scenarios. The analysis is accomplished for a variety of weather and hull fouling conditions using a marine gas turbine performance software which is constituted by six modules based on analytical methods. In the present study, the marine simulation model is used to predict the fuel consumption and emission levels for various conditions of sea state, ambient and sea temperatures and hull fouling profiles. In addition, using the aforementioned parameters, the variation of engine and propeller efficiency can be estimated. Finally, the software is coupled to a creep life prediction tool, able to calculate the consumption of creep life of the high pressure turbine blading for the predefined missions. The results of the performance analysis show that a mega yacht powered by gas turbines can have comparable fuel consumption with the same vessel powered by high speed Diesel engines in the range of 10MW. In such Integrated Full Electric Propulsion (IFEP) environment the gas turbine provides a comprehensive candidate as a prime mover, mainly due to its compactness being highly valued in such application and its eco-friendly operation. The simulation of different voyage cases shows that cleaning the hull of the vessel, the fuel consumption reduces up to 16%. The benefit of the clean hull becomes even greater when adverse weather condition is considered. Additionally, the specific mega yacht when powered by two 4.2MW Diesel engines has a cruising speed of 15 knots with an average fuel consumption of 10.5 [tonne/day]. The same ship powered by two 4.5MW gas turbines has a cruising speed of 22 knots which means that a journey can be completed 31.8% faster, which reduces impressively the total steaming time. However the gas turbine powered yacht consumes 9 [tonne/day] more fuel. Considering the above, Gas Turbine looks to be the only solution which fulfills the next generation sophisticated high powered ship engine requirements.

Comparison of Operating Characteristics of a Two-Shaft Gas Turbine With a Single-Shaft Gas Turbine for Gas Line Pumping

1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. McDonough
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Shaft Unit ◽  
Discharge Pressure

Gas turbines are playing an important role in the ever-expanding gas-transportation industry. Coupled to a centrifugal compressor the gas turbine provides a low-cost, flexible prime mover for gas transmission. The two types of gas turbines most commonly used in this field are the single-shaft unit and the two-shaft unit. This paper describes and compares the operating characteristics of each unit along a typical centrifugal-compressor loading line for constant station discharge pressure. Horsepower-speed relationships and specific fuel consumption are considered in this comparison.

High Altitude Recuperated 50 kWe Turboprop Study

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Long Endurance

Specialized requirements exist for advanced high altitude unmanned air vehicles (UAV’s) capable of extended durations the propulsion units of which can only be served by either air-breathing highly turbocharged piston, and or, gas turbines engines with high thermal efficiency and light weight. These UAV requirements encompass ground surveillance, air sampling, and global atmospheric missions proposed in a variety of roles previously performed by larger manned aircraft. Some applications demand up to several days loitering endurance at altitudes over 65000ft, with which existing production propulsion engines are either incapable of meeting or require extensive modifications. Highly turbocharged piston engines and low specific fuel consumption turbofans have been developed for these specialized duties and record breaking global circumnavigation piloted aircraft. Recuperated cycle gas turbines thermal efficiencies of the order 40% are necessary to match those of current highly turbocharged piston engines which are difficult to attain with conventional uncooled metallic turbine rotors even at standard sea level day conditions. It is believed however that above the tropopause with sub zero air inlet temperatures, thermal efficiencies of 40% can rationally be attained with small relatively light weight recuperated gas turbine turboprops. The performance details and flowpath configuration of a two candidate recuperated turboprop designs are presented as specifically optimized for the propulsion of a long endurance UAV operating at 65000ft altitude, fueled with hydrogen.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Potential of Gas Turbines for Vehicular Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique E. Cunha ◽  
Konstantinos G. Kyprianidis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Efficiency Gap

Nowadays, the reduction of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions has become a top priority for society and economy. In the past decades, some of the environmental advantages of the gas turbine (such as inherently low CO and unburned HC) have led some car manufacturers to evaluate the potential of this type of engine as prime mover. This paper suggests a strategy to assess the fuel consumption of gas turbines applied in road vehicles. Based on a quasistatic approach, a model was created that can simulate road vehicles powered by gas turbines, and thereafter a comparison was established with reciprocating engines. Within this study, material and turbomachinery technology developments that have taken place in micro gas turbines since the 1960’s have been considered. A 30% efficiency improvement target has been identified with respect to making the gas turbine fuel competitive to a diesel engine powering an SUV. It is the authors’ view that several technologies that could mature sufficiently within the next 10–15 years exist, such as uncooled ceramic turbines. Such technologies could help bridge the fuel efficiency gap in micro gas turbines and make them commercially competitive in the future for low-emissions vehicular applications. Furthermore, the system developed also allows the simulation of hybrid configurations using gas turbines as range extenders, a solution that some car manufacturers consider to be the most promising in the coming years.

Rolls Royce/Allison 501-K Gas Turbine Anti-Fouling Compressor Coatings Evaluation

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Caguiat
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Compressor Efficiency

The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) Gas Turbine Emerging Technologies Code 9334 was tasked by NSWCCD Shipboard Energy Office Code 859 to research and evaluate fouling resistant compressor coatings for Rolls Royce Allison 501-K Series gas turbines. The objective of these tests was to investigate the feasibility of reducing the rate of compressor fouling degradation and associated rate of specific fuel consumption (SFC) increase through the application of anti-fouling coatings. Code 9334 conducted a market investigation and selected coatings that best fit the test objective. The coatings selected were Sermalon for compressor stages 1 and 2 and Sermaflow S4000 for the remaining 12 compressor stages. Both coatings are manufactured by Sermatech International, are intended to substantially decrease blade surface roughness, have inert top layers, and contain an anti-corrosive aluminum-ceramic base coat. Sermalon contains a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) topcoat, a substance similar to Teflon, for added fouling resistance. Tests were conducted at the Philadelphia Land Based Engineering Site (LBES). Testing was first performed on the existing LBES 501-K17 gas turbine, which had a non-coated compressor. The compressor was then replaced by a coated compressor and the test was repeated. The test plan consisted of injecting a known amount of salt solution into the gas turbine inlet while gathering compressor performance degradation and fuel economy data for 0, 500, 1000, and 1250 KW generator load levels. This method facilitated a direct comparison of compressor degradation trends for the coated and non-coated compressors operating with the same turbine section, thereby reducing the number of variables involved. The collected data for turbine inlet, temperature, compressor efficiency, and fuel consumption were plotted as a percentage of the baseline conditions for each compressor. The results of each plot show a decrease in the rates of compressor degradation and SFC increase for the coated compressor compared to the non-coated compressor. Overall test results show that it is feasible to utilize anti-fouling compressor coatings to reduce the rate of specific fuel consumption increase associated with compressor performance degradation.

The United States Navy “Standard Day” for Marine Gas Turbines

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hartranft ◽  
Bruce Thompson ◽  
Dan Groghan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
United States Navy ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Power Capability

Following the successful development of aircraft jet engines during World War II (WWII), the United States Navy began exploring the advantages of gas turbine engines for ship and boat propulsion. Early development soon focused on aircraft derivative (aero derivative) gas turbines for use in the United States Navy (USN) Fleet rather than engines developed specifically for marine and industrial applications due to poor results from a few of the early marine and industrial developments. Some of the new commercial jet engine powered aircraft that had emerged at the time were the Boeing 707 and the Douglas DC-8. It was from these early aircraft engine successes (both commercial and military) that engine cores such as the JT4-FT4 and others became available for USN ship and boat programs. The task of adapting the jet engine to the marine environment turned out to be a substantial task because USN ships were operated in a completely different environment than that of aircraft which caused different forms of turbine corrosion than that seen in aircraft jet engines. Furthermore, shipboard engines were expected to perform tens of thousands of hours before overhaul compared with a few thousand hours mean time between overhaul usually experienced in aircraft applications. To address the concerns of shipboard applications, standards were created for marine gas turbine shipboard qualification and installation. One of those standards was the development of a USN Standard Day for gas turbines. This paper addresses the topic of a Navy Standard Day as it relates to the introduction of marine gas turbines into the United States Navy Fleet and why it differs from other rating approaches. Lastly, this paper will address examples of issues encountered with early requirements and whether current requirements for the Navy Standard Day should be changed. Concerning other rating approaches, the paper will also address the issue of using an International Organization for Standardization, that is, an International Standard Day. It is important to address an ISO STD DAY because many original equipment manufacturers and commercial operators prefer to rate their aero derivative gas turbines based on an ISO STD DAY with no losses. The argument is that the ISO approach fully utilizes the power capability of the engine. This paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the ISO STD DAY approach and how the USN STD DAY approach has benefitted the USN. For the future, with the advance of engine controllers and electronics, utilizing some of the features of an ISO STD DAY approach may be possible while maintaining the advantages of the USN STD DAY.

scholarly journals Hydromechanical Fuel Control for Portable Gas Turbine Generator Sets

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Generator Sets

Controls for small lightweight gas turbines present some unique design problems. The requirements for small size, light weight, ability to rotate at high speeds to save reduction gearing, and low production cost conflict with the requirements for reasonably accurate control of very small fuel flows and the scheduling of a wide range of hydrocarbon fuels over a wide range of ambient temperatures. This paper discusses in some detail the design of such a control and the satisfactory results obtained.

scholarly journals Gears Galore!

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (04) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
The Status ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
A Company ◽  
Bypass Ratio

This paper presents a review of gas turbines and Honeywell, a company based in Phoenix, history. The article through the review and historical analysis intends to provide perspective on the status of geared fan engines. The addition of a fan to a jet engine, first proposed by Frank Whittle, one of the inventors of the jet engine, increases thrust and reduces fuel consumption. Pratt & Whitney and Rolls Royce were the first to develop a dual spool engine for more efficient operation over a range of flight conditions. Work started on the geared fan TFE731 at the Garrett AiResearch Phoenix Division in 1968. The TFE731 gearbox resulted in a gear reduction of 1.8:1, to power the fan for a 2.5 bypass ratio, which was very high for the 1960s. Honeywell also has another geared turbofan engine, the ALF502. It was developed by AVCO Lycoming in Stratford, Connecticut, and has a 6000–7000 lbt thrust range. Honeywell’s successful 45-year record of producing geared fan small gas turbines gives promise of a bright future for geared fans on large commercial jet engines, providing lower fuel consumption and less noise.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Compressor Configuration Analysis for Production and Efficiency Optimization at PT Saka Indonesia Pangkah Ltd.

2021 ◽  
Vol 927 (1) ◽  
pp. 012031
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif Afandy ◽  
Ifani P Ramadhani ◽  
Totok R Biyanto
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Operating Point ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Shaft Power ◽  
Turbine Shaft ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Gas Turbine Compressors are used by Saka Indonesia Pangkah Ltd. in upstream oil and gas facilities either to boost hydrocarbon products to downstream facilities or to lift liquid hydrocarbon as a common artificial method. As production rate declining leads to gas supply deficiency to the compressors, the operating point move to surge line away from the best efficiency point. Gas feed shortage affecting the compressor’s performance which contributed to head and flow capacity. This condition is then calculated and simulated using UNISIM Design Simulator to get optimum configuration results. The simulation was performed at the same gas turbine shaft power output of each compressor. Two cases of centrifugal compressors configuration with different functions and performance are studied. Due to process dynamic conditions, constraint parameter is considered as per desired operating point. This paper also analyses techno-economic aspects between individual and serial pipelines arrangement of the two compressors by evaluating operational data and design calculation. Subsequently, this study produces assessment observations associated with the compressor performance both in individual and serial configuration and eventually analyses the rate of fuel consumption in the gas turbines as the main driver. The case study shows serial arrangement between MPC-1 and GLC with same gas turbine shaft power as individual configuration can reduce fuel consumption up to 47 kg/hr. It saves as much as USD 7,569.96 per day at low demand and USD 7,569.96 at high-demand cases.

Gas-Turbine Application in U. S. Coast Guard Vessels

1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Case ◽  
James M. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Weight Space ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Auxiliary Power

This paper is a summarization of the application of gas turbines for Coast Guard shipboard use. Included are discussions of turbine applications in present use and their results, vessels presently being built which will employ gas turbines, and possible future applications of gas turbines both for main and auxiliary power aboard Coast Guard vessels. Comparisons of gas turbines with other power sources as to weight, space, fuel consumption and economy are included for the presently known applications.

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