Pi-Tee Transformations in the Analysis of Mechanical Transmission Lines

1944 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. A41-A46
Author(s):  
G. Horvay ◽  
S. Pines
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Vibration Damper ◽  
Transmission Systems

Abstract A method is given which simplifies the analysis of mechanical transmission systems without making use of “electrical analogies.” The method is applied to the problem of the viscous vibration damper.

An Advisory Conceptual Design Tool for Mechanical Transmission Systems

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Huang ◽  
F. W. Liou ◽  
J. J. Malyamakkil ◽  
W. F. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based System ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Packaging Machine

Abstract This paper presents an advisory conceptual design tool for mechanical transmission systems. Space consideration was taken into account during the design process. A prototype function tree was built in the form of knowledge-based system to transfer a designer’s idea into a set of mechanical components. An advisory expert system was also developed to help a designer in decision making. As an example, a packaging machine is designed using the developed system.

scholarly journals Development of a Novel Sensor for Gear Teeth Wear and Damage Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Sridhar ◽  
Kam Chana
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Gear Box ◽  
Current Sensors

Health monitoring of mechanical transmission systems is an important area of research. Mechanical transmission systems, especially gear boxes in aircraft, automobiles, and wind turbines etc. account for many of the maintenance costs due to repairs, replacements and downtime. Gear boxes can experience high level of failure due to varied load conditions and harsh environments. Replacing the gear box is quite an expensive process and has significant downtime. Current gear box monitoring involves mainly measuring vibrations, however vibrations occur when the fault in the gear has already progressed significantly. Gear teeth monitoring lacks sensor technology to successfully detect tooth damage and misalignment. This paper presents a new concept gear teeth damage detection using eddy current sensors fitted on to the teeth of an idler gear at various locations. These sensors detect various faults encountered in a gear such as micro and macro pitting of the tooth surface, contact wear etc. Eddy current sensors are already being used to detect turbomachinery blade vibrations and tip clearance as they are robust and immune to contamination. In the present case, we use an idler gear that incorporates miniature eddy current sensors and state of the art electronics with wireless data transmission to enable the device to operate remotely and in harsh environments. A rotating rig with gears (spur and helical) and oil supply was built to test and validate the sensor by seeding various faults on the tooth surface. The results show that the idler sensor gear was able to detect various faults. The new eddy current sensor idler gear concept will enable health monitoring of the gearbox and ensure timely maintenance and reduction in operation costs.

scholarly journals STUDY ON EFFECT OF UPFC DEVICE IN ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM: POWER FLOW ASSESSMENT

2013 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
CH. CHENGAIAH ◽  
R.V.S. SATYANARAYANA ◽  
G.V. MARUTHESWAR MARUTHESWAR
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Time Control

The power transfer capability of electric transmission lines are usually limited by large signals ability. Economic factors such as the high cost of long lines and revenue from the delivery of additional power gives strong intensive to explore all economically and technically feasible means of raising the stability limit. On the other hand, the development of effective ways to use transmission systems at their maximum thermal capability. Fast progression in the field of power electronics has already started to influence the power industry. This is one direct out come of the concept of FACTS aspects, which has become feasible due to the improvement realized in power electronic devices in principle the FACTS devices should provide fast control of active and reactive power through a transmission line. The UPFC is a member of the FACTS family with very attractive features. This device can independently control many parameters. This device offers an alternative mean to mitigate transmission system oscillations. It is an important question is the selection of the input signals and the adopted control strategy for this device in order to damp power oscillations in an effective and robust manner. The UPFC parameters can be controlled in order to achieve the maximal desire effect in solving first swing stability problem. This problem appears for bulky power transmission systems with long transmission lines. In this paper a MATLAB Simulink Model is considered with UPFC device to evaluate the performance of Electrical Transmission System of 22 kV and 33kV lines. In the simulation study, the UPFC facilitates the real time control and dynamic compensation of AC transmission system. The dynamic simulation is carried out in conjunction with the N-R power flow solution sequence. The updated voltages at each N-R iterative step are interpreted as dynamic variables. The relevant variables are input to the UPFC controllers.

A Graphical Method of Solution for Travelling Waves on Transmission Systems with Attenuation

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
P. S. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Graphical Method ◽  
Travelling Waves ◽  
Graphical Methods ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Method Of Solution

Graphical methods of solution for networks containing transmission lines with attenuation but no distortion are presented. These are similar to those available for the solution of travelling waves on lossless transmission lines using the Schnyder-Bergeron method. The equations used are derived and are of the same form as those used in the method of Schnyder and Bergeron. Examples illustrating the graphical methods are given.

Vibration Performance Analysis of FR Vibration Damper Using Finite Elements Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 1268-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yu Luo ◽  
Yi Sheng Zhang ◽  
Yong Ping Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Vibration Damper ◽  
Harmonic Response ◽  
Overhead Transmission Lines ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Vibration Performance

FR vibration damper is widely used in overhead transmission lines to prevent aerolian vibration. In this paper, the vibration characteristics of the damper are analyzed. The finite element method software ANSYS was applied to investigate the modal, harmonic response and PSD of the damper based on the theory of mechanical vibration and dynamic analysis. The results prove that the FR vibration damper performs well in consuming the vibration energy of the transmission lines. Work done in this paper provides a new way based on numerical simulation in design and manufacturing of vibration damper, and has laid a foundation for further study of vibration damper.

Hydrodynamic Torque Converters in Mechanical Transmission Systems: Methods and Analysis

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Hedman
Keyword(s):  
Linear Equations ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Torque Converter ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Computer Calculations ◽  
System Power

Methods for analysis of general mechanical transmission systems with a hydrodynamic torque converter (HTC) are presented. The methods are adapted for computer calculations. The properties of the HTC must be known, either explicitly as speed and torque characteristics, or implicitly as internal geometry (blade angles, etc.). Linear relationships between the torques and between the speeds of the shafts of the transmission system (except the HTC) are easily formulated. The HTC has coupled, non-linear, relationships for torques and speeds. Different ways of including these non-linear equations are presented. This can be implemented in a computer program. Solving the equation system yields the torque and speed of each shaft of the transmission system. Power losses can be handled.

scholarly journals Study on the Application of Optical Current Sensor for Lightning Current Measurement of Transmission Line

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 5110
Author(s):  
Jin-ming Ge ◽  
Yan Shen ◽  
Wen-bin Yu ◽  
Yue Han ◽  
Fang-wei Duan
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Measurement Sensitivity ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Current Sensing ◽  
Measurement Capability ◽  
Lightning Current ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Sensing Material

Accurate and reliable lightning current data are the basis of lightning protection design. To measure lightning current data at different measurement locations in a transmission system, the limitations of traditional lightning current sensors are analyzed, and optical current sensing technology is adopted, which has the advantages of no magnetic saturation and no bandwidth limitation. Compared with traditional application environments, the sensing technology is used in special environments in transmission systems. This paper analyzes the influence of environmental factors on sensors, and combines the extreme environmental requirements, such as temperature and insulation requirements, to study the sensor. Starting from the sensitivity, the sensing characteristics of the sensor are analyzed. The sensor is designed according to three aspects: sensing material selection, spatial measuring position, and sensing material size optimization, such that it can satisfy the different measurement requirements of towers, overhead ground wires, and transmission lines, respectively. The experiments indicate that the developed sensors can meet the measurement sensitivity requirements of different types of lightning strikes. The experimental results of sensors exhibit a reasonable amplitude measurement accuracy, linearity, and waveform measurement capability. These results provide important theoretical and experimental bases for the application of optical current sensing technology to the measurement of the lightning current of transmission systems.

An Intelligent Design System for Agile Design and Manufacturing of Mechanical Transmission Systems

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Sayed Aziz ◽  
C. Chassapis
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Intelligent Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design System ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Design And Manufacturing

Product development is a process with complicated procedures, which incorporate many aspects of knowledge, experience and teamwork. Specifically, mechanical system design requires an iterative process to determine the desired component design parameters that would satisfy kinematic, performance and manufacturability requirements, which would result in an efficient and reliable operation of speed reduction units. This article describes an approach towards the development of intelligent design support environments for mechanical transmission systems, along with implementation details of a distributed knowledge-based gearing design and manufacturing system that is deployed over the Internet. The system embodies the various tasks of the design process, with modules that address: performance evaluation, process optimization, manufacturability analysis, and provides reasoning and decision-making capabilities for reducing the time between gear tooth creation, detailed design and final production. This methodology is highly desirable in that it is able to simulate real working conditions, evaluate and optimize the design effectively, prevent designers from time-consuming iterations and reduce long and expensive test phases. In an application example relating to process design of a forged gearing system, once a successful power rating is achieved within the design environment through FEA based techniques, the system automatically feeds input parameters into the manufacturing module which carries out all process design and planning stages. Estimation of the number of preforming stages, generation of detail die drawings, and forging load and energy requirements are calculated based on available material design databases, knowledge-based rules and feature-level calculations. Utilization of the World Wide Web, as a medium for the implementation of gear design and its agile manufacturing over the Internet is also being demonstrated. A combination of HTML, JavaScript, VRML, CGI Script and C++ based procedures is used to bring this capability to users distributed anywhere in the world. With the above developments, the problems of experience and expertise for the designers are overcome and unexpected design iterations that cause wastage of engineering time and effort, are avoided. The environment can be easily enhanced with other types of gearing systems.

scholarly journals Protection Method Based on Wavelet Entropy for MMC-HVDC Overhead Transmission Lines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Weibo Huang ◽  
Guomin Luo ◽  
Mengxiao Cheng ◽  
Jinghan He ◽  
Zhao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Wavelet Entropy ◽  
Overhead Lines ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Distribution Features ◽  
The Impact

Recent technological developments in modular multilevel converter-based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) transmission systems have shown significant advantages over the traditional HVDC and two-level voltage source converter (VSC) transmission systems. However, there are a lack of studies on the protection methods for MMC-HVDC overhead lines where the protection method should be able to provide a fast and accurate response and be able to identify lightning strikes. In this paper, a wavelet entropy-based protection method is proposed. Due to the capability of revealing time–frequency distribution features, the proposed protection method combines wavelet and entropy to identify the time–frequency characteristics of different faults. Simulation results show that the proposed method can accurately and quickly determine the types of faults or disturbances with appropriate noise tolerance. In addition, the impact of the ground resistor and fault distance on the performance of the proposed method is studied.

Prophase Failure Prediction of the Mechanical Transmission Systems Based on the Biological Evolutionary Algorithm

2013 ◽  
Vol 572 ◽  
pp. 447-450
Author(s):  
Xiao Hui Chen ◽  
Lei Xiao ◽  
Zhen Xiang Liu ◽  
Chuang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Algorithm ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Fault Prediction ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

There are several types of the mechanical transmission failure, such as gear tooth broken, fatigue, pitting etc. The deterioration pattern of each failure varies according to the different environment. Furthermore, setting up the fault prediction model is quite difficult, especially at the early stage of the fault. In order to predict the prophase failure of the mechanical transmission systems depends on the condition monitoring signal, this paper researched on the biological evolutionary algorithm combined with other artificial intelligence algorithm. As the case study, the typical failure of the gearbox test-bed, for example gear tooth broken or fatigue at the test-bed was monitored by several sensors. An improved support vector machine (SVM) optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) was chosen to predict the prophase failure of the gear, due to its self-adaption and self-learning ability. The prediction results showed that it simulated the failure pattern well on the condition of a few sample data.

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