Mapping Together Kinetic and Kinematic Abilities of the Hand

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Drost ◽  
Hyokyoung G. Hong ◽  
Tamara Reid Bush
Keyword(s):  
Hand Function ◽  
Coordinate Space ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Kinematic Space ◽  
Load Cells ◽  
Finger Forces ◽  
Finger Posture ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Force Characteristics

Abstract Millions of people have reduced hand function; this loss of function can be due to injury, disease, or aging. Loss of hand function is identified as reduced motion abilities in the fingers or a decrease in the ability of the fingers to generate force. Unfortunately, there are limited data available regarding each finger's ability to produce force and how those force characteristics vary with changes in finger posture. To relate motion and force abilities of the fingers, first, an approach to measure and map them together is needed. The goal of this work was to develop and demonstrate a method to quantify the force abilities of the fingers and map these forces to the kinematic space associated with each finger. Using motion capture and multiaxis load cells, finger forces were quantified at different positions over their ranges of motion. These two sets of data were then converted to the same coordinate space and mapped together. Further, the data were normalized for the index finger and mapped as a population space model. The ability to quantify motion and force data for each finger and map them together will provide an improved understanding of the effects of treatments and rehabilitation, identifying functional loss due to injury or disease, and device design.

Comparative Responses to Squats Completed with Free Weights and an Exoskeleton

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Peter Neuhaus ◽  
Chris Jumonville ◽  
Rachel A. Perry ◽  
Roman Edwards ◽  
Jake L. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Comparative Similarity ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Familiarization Session

AbstractTo assess the comparative similarity of squat data collected as they wore a robotic exoskeleton, female athletes (n=14) did two exercise bouts spaced 14 days apart. Data from their exoskeleton workout was compared to a session they did with free weights. Each squat workout entailed a four-set, four-repetition paradigm with 60-second rest periods. Sets for each workout involved progressively heavier (22.5, 34, 45.5, 57 kg) loads. The same physiological, perceptual, and exercise performance dependent variables were measured and collected from both workouts. Per dependent variable, Pearson correlation coefficients, t-tests, and Cohen's d effect size compared the degree of similarity between values obtained from the exoskeleton and free weight workouts. Results show peak O2, heart rate, and peak force data produced the least variability. In contrast, far more inter-workout variability was noted for peak velocity, peak power, and electromyography (EMG) values. Overall, an insufficient amount of comparative similarity exists for data collected from both workouts. Due to the limited data similarity, the exoskeleton does not exhibit an acceptable degree of validity. Likely the cause for the limited similarity was due to the brief amount of familiarization subjects had to the exoskeleton prior to actual data collection. A familiarization session that accustomed subjects to squats done with the exoskeleton prior to actual data collection may have considerably improved the validity of data obtained from that device.

Evaluation of Feedback Enabled Active Colonoscopy Training Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Kale ◽  
David Koonce ◽  
David Drozek ◽  
JungHun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Training ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Medical Studies ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Load Cells ◽  
Difficult Procedure ◽  
Novice Surgeon ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Active Training

The objective of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of an active colonoscopy training model (ACTM). Colonoscopy is a widely utilized procedure for diagnosing diseases of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Since colonoscopy is a difficult procedure to teach, as well as learn, simulators are often used to teach and practice the procedure. To make learning and assessing the procedural skills easy and interactive, an active training model was developed and evaluated. To measure the applied force and the time to complete the procedure, load cells and light detecting sensors were installed in the training model and were interfaced with a data acquisition system. The user interface was programmed in LabVIEW to record the force data and time taken to complete the procedure. Thirty medical students were recruited to perform a series of three colonoscopies on the ACTM. These students were instructed how to handle the equipment and perform the colonoscopy. The procedure was also performed by experienced endoscopists to establish a benchmark. The collected data were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the device to (1) distinguish between the participants based on their level of expertise, and (2) to detect improvement in skill of the students with repetitive sessions with the device. The results of this research may be useful to show that the ACTM may be an effective tool to integrate in to the medical training program of medical studies. It can be possibly used for evaluating the skill sets, as well as practicing the procedure before a novice surgeon performs the procedure on a patient.

scholarly journals Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Performance in Rugby Players: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Eric A. Martin ◽  
George K. Beckham
Keyword(s):  
Body Force ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Academic Search ◽  
Force Characteristics

The isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) is a multi-joint test of whole-body force production relevant to rugby players. “Rugby AND (mid-thigh pull OR midthigh pull OR mid thigh pull” were searched in PubMed, Sportdiscus, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, and Google Scholar; the final date of search was 24 January 2018. Data extraction from 24 articles included subject characteristics, force data, and IMTP testing procedures. Select ranges of peak forces reported were: Youth: 1162–2374 N; Academy: 1855–3104 N; Professional: 2254–3851 N. Rate of force development (RFD) at 100 and 200 ms ranged from 5521 to 11,892 N and 5403 to 8405 N, respectively, among professional rugby players. Studies’ research design were of moderate quality, but most studies lacked detailed reporting of IMTP procedures. Variability of force characteristics derived from the IMTP within similar populations (e.g., approximately 200% difference in peak force between samples of professional rugby league players) as well as large and unexpected overlaps between dissimilar populations, limit conclusions about force production capabilities relative to playing level, likely due to limitations and lack of standardization of IMTP procedures. Greater uniformity in IMTP testing procedures and reporting is needed. This manuscript provides a guide for reporting needs when presenting results from an IMTP in research.

A Hand Posture Measurement System for Evaluating Manual Tool Tasks

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 754-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung Hwan Yun
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Grip Force ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Joint Flexion ◽  
Finger Forces ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Posture Measurement

A measurement system of describing the loads in the hand during manual tool tasks is presented. The system consists of a network of force sensitive resistors and an angle transducer glove (CybergloveTM, Virtual Technologies). Eighteen different cylindrical grip tasks for six subjects were studied using the developed measurement system. Fourteen flexion and abduction angles and the ten force data from ten locations of the hand was measured for the sixteen tool tasks. The results showed that the flexion angle for the five fingers decreased with increasing grip span. Grip force was mainly controlled by the opposing action of the thumb and the index finger. The contribution of the thumb and index finger force to the total grip force was greater when the grip size was increased. A regression approach to estimate the joint flexion angle based on the hand anthropometry and grip characteristics showed significant results. It was possible to use the data from the measurement system as an input to the calculation of the joint torques and moments in the finger joints. The simultaneous measurement system of the finger joint angles and finger forces was useful in collecting the information on the hand force postures during the duration of the task. The system was also useful in providing detailed input data for the biomechanical analysis of the hand.

Comparison Between Healthy and Reduced Hand Function Using Ranges of Motion and a Weighted Fingertip Space Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Leitkam ◽  
Tamara Reid Bush
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Hand Model ◽  
Functional Models ◽  
Distal Interphalangeal ◽  
The Individual

Detection and quantification of changes in hand function are important for patients with loss of function and clinicians who are treating them. A recently developed model, the weighted fingertip space (WFS) quantifies the hand function of individuals in three-dimensional space and applies kinematic weighting parameters to identify regions of reachable space with high and low hand function. The goal of this research was to use the WFS model to compare and contrast the functional abilities of healthy individuals with the abilities of individuals with reduced functionality due to arthritis (RFA). Twenty two individuals with no reported issues with hand function and 21 individuals with arthritis affecting the hand were included in the research. Functional models were calculated from the ranges of motion and hand dimension data for each individual. Each model showed the volume of reachable space for each fingertip of each hand, the number of ways to reach a point in space, the range of fingertip orientations possible at each point, and the range of possible force application directions (FADs) at each point. In addition, two group models were developed that showed how many individuals in both the healthy and RFA groups were able to reach the same points in space. The results showed differences between the two groups for the range of motion (ROM) measurements, the individual model calculations, and the group models. The ROM measurements showed significant differences for the joints of the thumb, extension of the nonthumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, and flexion of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints. Comparing the models, the two groups qualitatively showed similar patterns of functional measures in space, but with the RFA group able to reach a smaller volume of space. Quantitatively, the RFA group showed trends of smaller values for all of the calculated functional weighting parameters and significantly smaller reachable volume for all of the fingers. The group models showed that all healthy individuals were able to reach an overlapping space, while 18 of 21 RFA individuals were able to reach similar spaces. Combined, the results showed that the WFS model presents the abilities of the hand in ways that can be quantitatively and qualitatively compared. Thus, the potential of this hand model is that it could be used to assess and document the changes that occur in hand function due to rehabilitation or surgery, or as a guide to determine areas most accessible by various populations.

scholarly journals Force Characteristics of the Rat Sternomastoid Muscle Reinnervated with End-to-End Nerve Repair

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Sobotka ◽  
Liancai Mu
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Muscle Paralysis ◽  
Tetanic Force ◽  
End To End ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Force Characteristics ◽  
Maximal Tetanic Force

The goal of this study was to establish force data for the rat sternomastoid (SM) muscle after reinnervation with nerve end-to-end anastomosis (EEA), which could be used as a baseline for evaluating the efficacy of new reinnervation techniques. The SM muscle on one side was paralyzed by transecting its nerve and then EEA was performed at different time points: immediate EEA, 1-month and 3-month delay EEA. At the end of 3-month recovery period, the magnitude of functional recovery of the reinnervated SM muscle was evaluated by measuring muscle force and comparing with the force of the contralateral control muscle. Our results demonstrated that the immediately reinnervated SM produced approximately 60% of the maximal tetanic force of the control. The SM with delayed nerve repair yielded approximately 40% of the maximal force. Suboptimal recovery of muscle force after EEA demonstrates the importance of developing alternative surgical techniques to treat muscle paralysis.

Keyboard Reaction Force and Finger Flexor Electromyograms during Computer Keyboard Work

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard J. Martin ◽  
Thomas J. Armstrong ◽  
James A. Foulke ◽  
Sivakumaran Natarajan ◽  
Edward Klinenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Force ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Linear Fit ◽  
Finger Forces ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Typing Task

This study examines the relationship between forearm EMGs and keyboard reaction forces in 10 people during keyboard tasks performed at a comfortable speed. A linear fit of EMG force data for each person and finger was calculated during static fingertip loading. An average r2 of .71 was observed for forces below 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). These regressions were used to characterize EMG data in force units during the typing task. Averaged peak reaction forces measured during typing ranged from 3.33 N (thumb) to 1.84 N (little finger), with an overall average of 2.54 N, which represents about 10% MVC and 5.4 times the key switch make force (0.47 N). Individual peak or mean finger forces obtained from EMG were greater (1.2 to 3.2 times) than force measurements; hence the range of r2 for EMG force was .10 to .46. A closer correspondence between EMG and peak force was obtained using EMG averaged across all fingers. For 5 of the participants the force computed from EMG was within ±20% of the reaction force. For the other 5 participants forces were overestimated. For 9 participants the difference between EMG estimated force and the reaction force was less than 13% MVC. It is suggested that the difference between EMG and finger force partly results from the amount of muscle load not captured by the measured applied force.

Impact Loading in Running Shoes with Cushioning Column Systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnel Aguinaldo ◽  
Andrew Mahar
Keyword(s):  
Impact Loading ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Barefoot Running ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Rearfoot Motion ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Force Characteristics ◽  
Urethane Elastomer

This study evaluated the effects of running shoes—with two types of cushioning column systems—on impact force patterns during running. Kinematic and ground reaction force data were collected from 10 normal participants wearing shoes with the following cushions: 4-column multicellular urethane elastomer (Shoe 1), 4-column thermoplastic polyester elastomer (Shoe 2), and 1-unit EVA foam (Shoe 3). Participants exhibited significantly lower impact force (p = .02) and loading rate (p = .005) with Shoe 2 (1.84 ± 0.24 BW; 45.6 ± 11.6 BW/s) compared to Shoe 1 (1.94 ± 0.18 BW; 57.9 ± 12.1 BW/s). Both cushioning column shoes showed impact force characteristics similar to those of a top-model running shoe (Shoe 3), and improved cushioning performance over shoes previously tested in similar conditions. Alterations in impact force patterns induced by lower limb alignment and running speed were negligible since participants did not differ in ankle position, knee position, or speed during all shod running trials. Ankle plantarflexion, however, was higher for barefoot running, indicating an apparent midfoot strike. Mechanical testing of each shoe during physiologic, cyclic loading demonstrated that Shoe 3 had the greatest stiffness, followed by Shoe 2 and Shoe 1. Shoe 1 was the least stiff of the two shoes with cushioning column systems, yet it displayed a significantly higher impact loading rate during running, possibly due to rearfoot motion alterations induced by the stiffer shoe. This study showed that even in similar shoe types, impact force and loading rate values could vary significantly with midsole cushion constructions. The findings of this study suggest that using these newer running shoes may be effective for runners who want optimal cushioning during running.

scholarly journals Analyzing the efforts in furrow openers used in low power planters

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique C. H. Troger ◽  
Ângelo V. dos Reis ◽  
Antônio L. T. Machado ◽  
Roberto L. T. Machado
Keyword(s):  
Traction Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Industrial Manufacturing ◽  
No Till ◽  
Load Cells ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Force Data

The furrow openers for no-till system should be easy to penetrate the soil, generate low levels of soil mobilization and require a little traction force. Thus, the aim of this research was to compare six hoe-type furrow openers, four of industrial manufacturing and two handcrafted models, which were used in planters in the region of Pelotas, Brazil. The parameters for comparison among these furrow openers were the horizontal (Fh) and vertical (Fv) forces acting on the tip of the hoe and the cross-sectional area mobilized in the furrow. The experimental design was randomized, with six treatments (furrow openers) from T1 to T6, with four repetitions, constituted by their passage through plots of 20 x 3 m. The force data were collected by load cells and a signal conditioner. The determination of the mobilized area in the furrow was done by a micro soil profilometer. It was concluded that the furrow openers T1, T4 and T6 presented the lowest values of horizontal force (statistically equal and ranging between 1,034 and 1,230 N) and that T1 and T2 produced the highest vertical forces downwards (statistically identical and varying between 749 and 845 N). The furrow openers T1, T2, T4, T5 and T6 generated soil mobilization statistically equal and between 0.006993 and 0.008933 m².

Determination of Optimal Handle Sizes by use of Normalized Hand Sizes in a Pulling Task

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (13) ◽  
pp. 1051-1055
Author(s):  
Yong-Ku Kong ◽  
Andris Freivalds
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Hand Size ◽  
Palmar Surface ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Finger Forces ◽  
Hand Length ◽  
Subjective Discomfort ◽  
Force Data

Two handle shapes (double frustum and oval) with different sizes, resulting in a total of 10 handles were tested to determine optimal handle sizes in a pulling task. Force data were collected by force sensitive resistors (FSR), which were placed on the palmar surface of the fingers. Subjective ratings of discomfort were also recorded for each handle. The results of subjective ratings showed that medium sized-handles were described as being more comfortable than the other sizes, and double frustum handles required less finger forces than oval handles. ‘Normalized Hand Size (NHS)’, which is the ratio of handle circumference to user's hand length was applied to predict the optimum handle size for the subjective ratings as well as finger forces in a pulling task according to the user's hand size. in oval handles, generally medium handles showed higher preference and required less finger forces than large handles. in case of the double frustum handles, the 60.9% NHS was the best ratio for the least subjective discomfort ratings and the 58.1% NHS was recommendable for the least finger force requiring in a pulling task. Based on the results of NHS study, 34.4∼38.1 mm and 31.4∼35.0 mm were recommended for middle hand size groups of male and female, respectively. The optimum handle sizes for the males were about 8.1∼8.7% larger than that of the female.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document