scholarly journals Nanosilica-Based Loss Circulation Composition to Cure Moderate to Severe Losses

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikrant Wagle ◽  
Rajendra Kalgaonkar ◽  
Abdullah AlYami ◽  
Sara AlKhalaf
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Activator Concentration ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Gelling Time ◽  
Chemical Activator ◽  
Positively Charged

Abstract The loss circulation composition comprising a combination of a nanoparticle-based dispersion and a chemical activator has been designed to treat moderate to severe losses. The nanomaterial used is an environmentally friendly nanosilica-based dispersion. The composition is designed to give delayed gelling of the nanoparticle-based dispersion. A major advantage of this technology is its ability to place the composition into the target loss circulation zone before the nanoparticle-based dispersion gels up. Premature gelling of the nanoparticle-based dispersion would avoid premature setting of the treatment fluid before it reaches the target zone. The newly developed system can be used effectively up to 300 °F. In this paper, experiments have been performed with three different types of nanoparticles differing in their surface charges and particle sizes. Two negatively charged nanoparticle-based dispersions with a particle size of 5 nm and 17 nm, respectively, and one positively charged nanoparticle-based dispersion with a particle size greater than 17 nm have been evaluated as loss circulation materials. Two different types of chemical activators, one organic and the other inorganic, have been used in this study, and their effect on the gelling time has been evaluated. The gelling time experiments have been done at four different temperatures viz. 150 °F, 200 °F, 250 °F, and 300 °F. The effect of activator concentration and different shear rates on the gelling time of the three nanoparticle-based dispersions has been studied. Permeability plugging tests have been performed using 2 mm slotted disks to evaluate the effectiveness in controlling moderate to severe losses.

scholarly journals Size-segregated characteristics of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and organic matter in particulate matter (PM) emitted from different types of ships in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1549-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Hai Guo ◽  
Yingjun Chen ◽  
Volker Matthias ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Marine Diesel

Abstract. Studies of detailed chemical compositions in particles with different size ranges emitted from ships are in serious shortage. In this study, size-segregated distributions and characteristics of particle mass, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), 16 EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 25 n-alkanes measured aboard 12 different vessels in China are presented. The results showed the following. (1) More than half of the total particle mass, OC, EC, PAHs and n-alkanes were concentrated in fine particles with aerodynamic diameter (Dp) < 1.1 µm for most of the tested ships. The relative contributions of OC, EC, PAH and alkanes to the size-segregated particle mass are decreasing with the increase in particle size. However, different types of ships showed quite different particle-size-dependent chemical compositions. (2) In fine particles, the OC and EC were the dominant components, while in coarse particles, OC and EC only accounted for very small proportions. With the increase in particle size, the OC / EC ratios first decreased and then increased, having the lowest values for particle sizes between 0.43 and 1.1 µm. (3) Out of the four OC fragments and three EC fragments obtained in thermal–optical analysis, OC1, OC2 and OC3 were the dominant OC fragments for all the tested ships, while EC1 and EC2 were the main EC fragments for ships running on heavy fuel oil (HFO) and marine-diesel fuel, respectively; different OC and EC fragments presented different distributions in different particle sizes. (4) The four-stroke low-power diesel fishing boat (4-LDF) had much higher PAH emission ratios than the four-stroke high-power marine-diesel vessel (4-HMV) and two-stroke high-power heavy-fuel-oil vessel (2-HHV) in fine particles, and 2-HHV had the lowest values. (5) PAHs and n-alkanes showed different profile patterns for different types of ships and also between different particle-size bins, which meant that the particle size should be considered when source apportionment is conducted. It is also noteworthy from the results in this study that the smaller the particle size, the more toxic the particle was, especially for the fishing boats in China.

Effects of Sand Particle Size and Gradation on Strength of Reactive Powder Concrete

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 208-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Ji ◽  
Bao Chun Chen ◽  
Yi Zhou Zhuang ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Zhi Bin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Reactive Powder Concrete ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reactive Powder

After modification, Toufar model was used to calculate the packing degrees of sand mixtures with different particle sizes. For four gradations of sands, the weight ratios of different types of sands with different size ranges, which achieve maximum packing degrees, have been obtained using the modified Toufar model. A strength test of reactive powder concretes (RPCs) with the four gradations of sands was reported. The test results show that the strength of RPC is related to both the maximum grain size and the packing degree of sand mixture. The smaller maximum grain size and larger packing degree of sand mixture can achieve the higher strength of RPC.

Investigation of Relationship Between Sugar Yield and Particle Size in Biofuel Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajkamal Kesharwani ◽  
Xiaoxu Song ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Zeyi Sun ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Specific Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Optimal Configurations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Design Experiments

Biofuel manufacturing consists of two major processes, i.e., feedstock preprocessing and bioconversion. The preprocessing includes size reduction and pelleting. The bioconversion includes pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation. Various studies have been implemented for these two processes. Most existing literature focuses on a specific process, while very few of them consider the possible interactions between the two processes. In this paper, we investigated the relationship between the particle size in feedstock preprocessing and the sugar yield (proportional to biofuel yield) in bioconversion. The method of design of experiments was used to design experiments and analyze the experimental results of sugar yield with different particle sizes for three different types of biomass. Critical parameters that significantly influence the sugar yield were identified. The optimal configurations of the particle size were recommended.

scholarly journals The Effects of Different Types of Fly Ash on the Compressive Strength Properties of Briquettes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem Çelik Sola ◽  
Murat Yayla ◽  
Barış Sayın ◽  
Cengiz Duran Atiş
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Materials Used

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the different types of fly ash on the compressive strength properties of sintered briquettes. Thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis was carried out. The chemical composition and physical properties of the materials used were determined. Particle size distribution and microstructure elemental analyses of the materials used were carried out by a particle size analyzer (Mastersizer) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS). Following the characterization of the materials, briquettes were prepared by sintering at different temperatures. Compressive strength test results of the briquette samples indicated that briquettes with a compressive strength value of 47.45 N/mm2can be produced. The results obtained exceed the Turkish standard (TS EN 771-1) requirements (9.8–23.54 N/mm2). SEM-EDS results showed that briquette samples made with Tunçbilek (T) fly ash had a higher percentage of the glassy phase than the other briquette samples. Due to this microstructure, it results in higher compressive strength value.

Particle Size Dependent Structural and Magnetic Properties of CoCrFeO4 Nanoparticles

2012 ◽  
Vol 486 ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
R. Mane Dhanraj ◽  
H. Kadam Ram ◽  
T. Alone Suresh ◽  
E. Shirsath Sagar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Blocking Temperature ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Different Temperatures

Nanoparticles of CoCrFeO4ferrite in the particle size range of 9 - 38 nm have been prepared by a sol-gel auto combustion method. Synthesized powders were annealed at four different temperatures viz. 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C and 1000 °C. Particle sizes are determined by X-ray analysis and TEM. The size of the nanoparticles increase linearly with sintering temperature and time, most probably due to coalescence that increases as sintering temperature increases. The saturation magnetization increases from 62 to 81 emu/g and coercivity initially increases up to 814 Oe and then decreases to 366 Oe with increase in particle size and sintering temperature. The typical blocking temperature increases from 135 to 165 K with increasing particle size.

Slip-Resistance Assessment on Different Types of Emery Anti-Slip Strip

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 3436-3440
Author(s):  
Ching Chung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Slip Resistance ◽  
Slip Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Resistance Assessment ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Anti-slip strip was one of the most popular slip-resistant products indoor and outdoor, especially on the ramp. By using anti-slip strip the roughness of floor can be increased, the COF will be increased and the risk of slips and falls will be reduced at the same time. This study wanted to find out the effects of slip-resistance under different particle sizes of steel grit, different floor contamination conditions and different inclined angles while using the emery anti-slip strip. The results demonstrated that the particle size of steel grit used on the emery anti-slip strip has significant influence on the COF. When footwear had no groove under the shoe sole or the groove had been abraded badly, the particle size had to be big enough to perform the function of the anti-slip especially under the floor contamination of glycerol and water. Therefore, the study suggested that the particle size of steel grit used on the emery anti-slip strip should be larger than 500μm to provide fine anti-slip effects.

Surface energy of cellulosic materials: The effect of particle morphology, particle size, and hydroxyl number

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUCHENG PENG ◽  
DOUGLAS J. GARDNER
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Hydroxyl Number ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Dispersion Component ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Lower Temperature

Understanding the surface properties of cellulose materials is important for proper commercial applications. The effect of particle size, particle morphology, and hydroxyl number on the surface energy of three microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) preparations and one nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) preparation were investigated using inverse gas chromatography at column temperatures ranging from 30ºC to 60ºC. The mean particle sizes for the three MCC samples and the NFC sample were 120.1, 62.3, 13.9, and 9.3 μm. The corresponding dispersion components of surface energy at 30°C were 55.7 ± 0.1, 59.7 ± 1.3, 71.7 ± 1.0, and 57.4 ± 0.3 mJ/m2. MCC samples are agglomerates of small individual cellulose particles. The different particle sizes and morphologies of the three MCC samples resulted in various hydroxyl numbers, which in turn affected their dispersion component of surface energy. Cellulose samples exhibiting a higher hydroxyl number have a higher dispersion component of surface energy. The dispersion component of surface energy of all the cellulose samples decreased linearly with increasing temperature. MCC samples with larger agglomerates had a lower temperature coefficient of dispersion component of surface energy.

Revisiting Glycerol Esterification with Acetic Acid over Amberlyst-35 via Statistically Designed Experiments: Overcoming Transport Limitations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Gabriel Baldovino Medrano ◽  
Karen V. Caballero ◽  
Hernando Guerrero-Amaya
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Catalyst Particle ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Designed Experiments ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Glycerol Esterification

Turnover rates for glycerol esterification with acetic acid over Amberlyst-35 were measured under different temperatures, reactants and active sites concentrations, and catalyst particle sizes. Data were collected in a batch reactor. Experiments were done following a sequence of factorial experimental designs.

scholarly journals Effect of particle size on phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Prasedya ◽  
A. Frediansyah ◽  
N. W. R. Martyasari ◽  
B. K. Ilhami ◽  
A. S. Abidin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Phytochemical Composition

AbstractSample particle size is an important parameter in the solid–liquid extraction system of natural products for obtaining their bioactive compounds. This study evaluates the effect of sample particle size on the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of brown macroalgae Sargassum cristaefolium. The crude ethanol extract was extracted from dried powders of S.cristeafolium with various particle sizes (> 4000 µm, > 250 µm, > 125 µm, > 45 µm, and < 45 µm). The ethanolic extracts of S.cristaefolium were analysed for Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), phenolic compound concentration and antioxidant activities. The extract yield and phytochemical composition were more abundant in smaller particle sizes. Furthermore, the TPC (14.19 ± 2.08 mg GAE/g extract to 43.27 ± 2.56 mg GAE/g extract) and TFC (9.6 ± 1.8 mg QE/g extract to 70.27 ± 3.59 mg QE/g extract) values also significantly increased as particle sizes decreased. In addition, phenolic compounds epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC), and Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) concentration were frequently increased in samples of smaller particle sizes based on two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison analysis. These results correlate with the significantly stronger antioxidant activity in samples with smaller particle sizes. The smallest particle size (< 45 µm) demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity based on DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl assay and FRAP. In addition, ramp function graph evaluates the desired particle size for maximum phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity is 44 µm. In conclusion, current results show the importance of particle size reduction of macroalgae samples to increase the effectivity of its biological activity.

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