LINKAGE, an online tool to support interdisciplinary biomimetic design teams

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Eliot Graeff ◽  
Nicolas Maranzana ◽  
Ameziane Aoussat
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Multidisciplinary Communication ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Exchange Information ◽  
Innovation Strategies

Abstract Implementation of biomimetics in practical innovation strategies still faces various impediments. Multidisciplinary communication is one of the most recognized one. Enabling teammates having various cognitive and conceptual frameworks to properly exchange information is a key lever for optimization. In a previous study, we performed a comparative analysis of biologists' and engineers' cognitive and conceptual frameworks in order to support the establishment of a shared framework of reference within biomimetic teams. This theoretical work led us to consider various guidelines, embodied in a tool, LINKAGE, guiding the team along the biomimetic process, and more specifically during analysis and abstraction steps. This article presents a first version of this free access computerized tool, LINKAGE 1.2. After the description and positioning of LINKAGE, comparing to other existing tools, a testing phase involving 19 professionals divided into 5 interdisciplinary teams is presented. The results of this evaluation lead to the validation of some of the tool's objectives while underlining some lines of improvements. Various perspectives on the tool's development are also presented.

Creating an Electronic Course on Programming in Python for the Android Platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
N. K. Petrova ◽  
◽  
A. P. Mukhachev ◽  
A. A. Zagidullin ◽  
S. M. Koutsenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Free Access ◽  
C Language ◽  
Python Language ◽  
C Compiler ◽  
Android Platform ◽  
Python Scripting ◽  
Scripting Language ◽  
Programming Algorithms

The description and principles of developing a mobile application for the Android platform that provides free access to electronic courses on teaching the basic structures of the Python language and the construction of template programming algorithms based on them are presented. The content of the course is based on the principle of comparative analysis with the C++ language, one of the goals of which is to differentiate the tasks for which it is more efficient to use either the Python scripting language or the C++ compiler. The developed application is logically integral, allows the possibility of supplementing with new data — examples, types of algorithms — and, no less important, is free.

scholarly journals Visualised Frames: How Sketching Influences Framing Behaviour in Design Teams

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 419-428
Author(s):  
Yujing Yang ◽  
Natalie Brik ◽  
Peter de Jong ◽  
Milene Guerreiro Goncalves
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Creative Design ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
Educational Implications ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Creative Design Process

AbstractFraming is a crucial skill for connecting problem and solution spaces in the creative design process, both for individuals and teams. Frames are implicit in individuals’ cognitive thinking, but the creation of shared frames plays a vital role in collaborative design. Many studies have attempted to describe the framing process, but little is still known about how to support designers in framing, specifically in teams. This paper addresses this gap, by exploring the connection between sketching and framing within interdisciplinary teams. Following a qualitative and explorative approach, we have investigated the process and outcome of five interdisciplinary teams. We identified that sketching assists in the creation and elaboration of frames. Furthermore, in tandem with discussion and reflection, sketching helps increase the chance of a frame to survive within the design process. Our findings have practical and educational implications for improving the creative design process in interdisciplinary teams.

scholarly journals TRAPID: an efficient online tool for the functional and comparative analysis of de novo RNA-Seq transcriptomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. R134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel Van Bel ◽  
Sebastian Proost ◽  
Christophe Van Neste ◽  
Dieter Deforce ◽  
Yves Van de Peer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Online Tool

scholarly journals Biology education research: building integrative frameworks for teaching and learning about living systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross H. Nehm
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Student Thinking ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

AbstractThis critical review examines the challenges and opportunities facing the field of Biology Education Research (BER). Ongoing disciplinary fragmentation is identified as a force working in opposition to the development of unifying conceptual frameworks for living systems and for understanding student thinking about living systems. A review of Concept Inventory (CI) research is used to illustrate how the absence of conceptual frameworks can complicate attempts to uncover student thinking about living systems and efforts to guide biology instruction. The review identifies possible starting points for the development of integrative cognitive and disciplinary frameworks for BER. First, relevant insights from developmental and cognitive psychology are reviewed and their connections are drawn to biology education. Second, prior theoretical work by biologists is highlighted as a starting point for re-integrating biology using discipline-focused frameworks. Specifically, three interdependent disciplinary themes are proposed as central to making sense of disciplinary core ideas: unity and diversity; randomness, probability, and contingency; and scale, hierarchy, and emergence. Overall, the review emphasizes that cognitive and conceptual grounding will help to foster much needed epistemic stability and guide the development of integrative empirical research agendas for BER.

Crises and Sequences in Collective Theory Development

1975 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Holt ◽  
John E. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Reward Structure ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Empirical Generalization ◽  
The 1960S

Since 1954, the Committee on Comparative Politics has provided leadership in the comparative field, and one of its central objectives has been to construct a theory of political development. The books in the series that were published in the 1960s lacked rigorous design, although they did provide data and low-level generalizations which could be used in the theory-building task. This essay focuses primarily on Crises and Sequences in Political Development, which is authored solely by Committee members and reports on the results of their theoretical work thus far. The Committee takes the “intuitive empirical generalization” approach to theory development—in contrast with systematic empirical generalization and the analytic-deductive procedure. It is unlikely, however, that the Committee's approach will lead to the formulation of a coherent set of interrelated propositions within which empirical phenomena can be explained. But the Committee's work is not atypical of the theoretical literature in political science, which reflects the reward structure of the discipline. The building of powerful theories will be facilitated when emphasis is placed on the development of clearly falsifiable propositions rather than on the development of loose conceptual frameworks.

Facilitating creativity in interdisciplinary design teams using cognitive processes: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni Reiter-Palmon ◽  
Salvatore Leone
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Team Creativity ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Problem Construction ◽  
Idea Evaluation ◽  
Functional Teams

Interdisciplinary, or cross-functional, teams have become quite common for engineering and design. Many of today’s scientific breakthroughs occur in interdisciplinary teams, as the increasingly complex problems facing society often cannot be addressed by single disciplines alone. However, fostering creative and productive collaboration in interdisciplinary teams is no easy challenge. First, leading creative teamwork is difficult by itself. Second, many of the factors that impede teams and teamwork in general are exacerbated in interdisciplinary teams as a result of differences between team members. In this paper, we will review the team creativity psychology and management literature, and discuss how cognitive processes that facilitate creativity can be used by engineering and design teams. Specifically, past research has shown problem construction that allows teams to develop a structure to guide solving ambiguous problems. Further, problem construction allows teams to develop a shared understanding of the problem which aids in later processes. While there is significant research on idea generation, results suggest that teams may not be better at this than individuals. In this review, we discuss how idea generation in teams can mitigate some of the issues that lead to this effect. Finally, team research has only recently began to determine what factors influence idea evaluation and selection for implementation.

scholarly journals Looking into Pandora's Box: The Content of Sci-Hub and its Usage

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Greshake
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Content Consumption ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Web

Despite the growth of Open Access, potentially illegally circumventing paywalls to access scholarly publications is becoming a more mainstream phenomenon. The web service Sci-Hub is amongst the biggest facilitators of this, offering free access to around 62 million publications. So far it is not well studied how and why its users are accessing publications through Sci-Hub. By utilizing the recently released corpus of Sci-Hub and comparing it to the data of  ~28 million downloads done through the service, this study tries to address some of these questions. The comparative analysis shows that both the usage and complete corpus is largely made up of recently published articles, with users disproportionately favoring newer articles and 35% of downloaded articles being published after 2013. These results hint that embargo periods before publications become Open Access are frequently circumnavigated using Guerilla Open Access approaches like Sci-Hub. On a journal level, the downloads show a bias towards some scholarly disciplines, especially Chemistry, suggesting increased barriers to access for these. Comparing the use and corpus on a publisher level, it becomes clear that only 11% of publishers are highly requested in comparison to the baseline frequency, while 45% of all publishers are significantly less accessed than expected. Despite this, the oligopoly of publishers is even more remarkable on the level of content consumption, with 80% of all downloads being published through only 9 publishers. All of this suggests that Sci-Hub is used by different populations and for a number of different reasons, and that there is still a lack of access to the published scientific record. A further analysis of these openly available data resources will undoubtedly be valuable for the investigation of academic publishing.

scholarly journals Impact of cytopathology authors work: Comparative analysis based on Open-access cytopathology publications versus non-Open-access conventional publications

CytoJournal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janavi A. Kolpekwar ◽  
Vinod B. Shidham
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Citation Analysis ◽  
Science Citation ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Access Barriers ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Indian Journal ◽  
Number Of Citations

Objectives: Open access (OA) is based on a set of principles and a range of practices through which fruits of research are distributed online, free of cost, or other access barriers. According to the 2001 definition, OA publications are without barriers to copy or reuse with free access to readers. Some studies have reported higher rates of citation for OA publications. In this study, we analyzed the citation rates of OA and traditional nonOA (with or without free access) publications for authors publishing in the subspecialty of cytopathology during 2010–2015. Material and Methods: We observed and compared citation patterns for authors who had published in both OA and traditional non-OA, peer-reviewed, scientific, cytopathology journals. Thirty authors were randomly selected with criteria of publishing a total of at least five cytopathology articles over 2010–2015. Number of citations per article (CPA) (during 2010–2015) for OA publications (in CytoJournal and Journal of Cytology) and non-OA publications (in Diagnostic Cytopathology, Cytopathology, Acta Cytologica, Journal of American of Cytopathology, and Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology) was collected and compared statistically using two-tailed Student’s t-est. The data were collected manually through science citation analysis sites, mostly Google Scholar. Results: Thirty authors published 579 cytopathology articles in OA and non-OA journals. Average CPA for OA publications was 26.64. This was 11.35 higher than the average CPA) of non-OA conventional with subscription cytopathology journals (74% increase) and 11.76 higher than the average CPA of conventional cytopathology non-OA journal articles with free access (79% increase). These differences were statistically significantly with P < 0.05. Conclusion: We observed that the cytopathology publications in the OA journal attained a higher rate of CPA than the publications in the traditional non-OA journals in the field of cytopathology during 2010–2015.

scholarly journals General aaproach to the IFRS and US GAAP convergence

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Bohušová
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Us Gaap

Two most significant organizations in the field of financial reporting regulation setters in the world – the Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have recognized that in order international capital markets to function properly, a single set of high-quality international accounting standards designed especially for listed companies around the world must exist. The effort should be especially aimed at spreading the IFRS around the world and the FASB – IASB Convergence. The most significant difference between the US GAAP and IFRSs is in the area of the general approach. The IFRSs are based on basic accounting principles with limited application guidance, US GAAPs are based especially on rules with specific application guidance. The main objective of this work is to assist in the development of an improved common conceptual framework that provides a sound foundation for developing future accounting standards.The structure of the paper is divided into three parts. The theoretical background presents the historical development of the IAS/IFRS and US GAAP convergence efforts in general. The second part of the paper is aimed at the comparative analysis of conceptual frameworks (the IAS/IFRS and US GAAP). At the end, based on the results of the comparative analysis, the basic principles for a common conceptual framework, which should be applicable, are clarified. The paper uses the standard methods of scientific work. Firstly, the method of description is used to describe the development in the area of IAS/IFRS and US GAAP convergence. Then, a comparative analysis is used to discuss the differences in the position a principles of conceptual frameworks the IAS/IFRS and US GAAP. At the end the method of synthesis, deduction and induction is used.

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