scholarly journals Techniques for Enhancing Durability and Equivalence Ratio Control in a Rich-Lean, Three-Stage, Ground Power Gas Turbine Combustor

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Technology Program ◽  
Airflow Distribution ◽  
Stage Combustion ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Steam Cooling

This effort summarizes the work performed under Task IV, Sector Rig Tests of the CRT - Critical Research and Support Technology Program, a Department of Energy funded project. The rig tests of a can-type combustor were performed to demonstrate two advanced ground power engine combustor concepts: steam cooled rich-burn combustor primary zones for enhanced durability; and variable combustor geometry for three stage combustion equivalence ratio control. Both concepts proved to be highly successful in achieving their desired objectives. The steam cooling reduced peak liner temperatures to less than 800 K. This offers the potential of both long life and reduced use of strategic materials for liner fabrication. Three degrees of variable geometry were successfully implemented to control airflow distribution within the combustor. One was a variable blade angle axial flow air swirler to control primary airflow while the other two consisted of rotating bands to control secondary and tertiary or dilution air flow.

A Review of DOE ECUT Tribology Surveys

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Dake ◽  
J. A. Russell ◽  
D. C. Debrodt
Keyword(s):  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Technology Program ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
The Government ◽  
The U.S

Experts estimate that in 1978 over four quadrillion Btu of energy were lost in the United States because of simple friction and wear. The Energy Conversion and Utilization Technology Program (ECUT) in the U.S. Department of Energy commissioned six surveys from various experts in the field of tribology to learn about the causes of these energy losses and how to reduce them. The surveys included: 1) identification of typical tribology energy sinks in industry, 2) reduction of tribological losses in utilities and transportation, 3) tribological research needed for advanced heat engines, 4) energy conservation potential of new surface modifications, 5) identification of current tribology work sponsored by the government, and 6) an assessment of industrial research needs. A summary of the major findings of each survey is included in this paper.

The W501G Testing and Validation in the Siemens Westinghouse Advanced Turbine Systems Program

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Gaul ◽  
Ihor S. Diakunchak ◽  
Alfred M. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
High Temperature Materials ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Turbine Vanes ◽  
Compressor Design ◽  
Steam Cooling ◽  
Power Generation Systems ◽  
The City

The Siemens Westinghouse Advanced Turbine System (ATS) has the ultimate goal of achieving greater than 60% LHV-based net plant thermal efficiency, less than 10 parts per million NOx emissions, a 10% reduction in cost of electricity, and reliability-availability-maintainability (RAM) equivalent to modern advanced power generation systems. The ATS program, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, introduces advanced technologies in three evolutionary steps to minimize risks and to increase the net benefits of the program. The W501G, the first step in the ATS engine introduction, incorporates many ATS technologies such as closed-loop steam cooling, advanced compressor design, and high temperature materials. The lead unit has completed full-load testing at the City of Lakeland McIntosh #5 site in Lakeland, FL and has produced power and revenue for Lakeland Electric since May 2000. Results from the testing are presented and future developments are discussed. Building on the current W501G, advancements will include steam-cooled turbine vanes and leakage enhancements. Continuing this low risk step-wise introduction of new technology, the W501ATS engine adds further advanced designs that achieve the program objectives. Siemens Westinghouse is also infusing ATS technologies into its mature frames in both new units and service upgrades to maximize the benefit of the program.

DOE-ASME Generation IV Materials Tasks

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy E. McGreevy ◽  
Robert I. Jetter
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Technology Program ◽  
Program Plan ◽  
American Society

The Department of Energy (DOE) and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) wish to update and expand appropriate materials, construction and design codes for application in future Generation IV nuclear reactor systems that operate at elevated temperatures. The scope of interest addresses specific materials and design tasks, all of which are tied to the Generation IV Reactors Integrated Materials Technology Program Plan. Many of the tasks are directly applicable to ASME Section III Subsection NH. The tasks are summarized and discussed with respect to Generation IV needs.

Demonstration of Active Control of Combustion Instabilities on a Full-Scale Gas Turbine Combustor

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Johnson ◽  
Y. Neumeier ◽  
M. Neumaier ◽  
B. T. Zinn ◽  
D. D. Darling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Instabilities ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Airflow Distribution

This paper presents the results of an investigation of active control of combustion instabilities in a natural gas, high-pressure, full-scale gas turbine combustor that was retrofitted with an Active Control System (ACS). The combustor test rig simulates the geometry, inlet airflow distribution, and pressurization of a can-type combustor that exhibits dynamic flame instabilities at some off-design operating conditions. Two essential features of the investigated ACS are 1) a real-time mode observer that identified the frequencies, amplitudes and phases of the dominant modes in the pressure signal and 2) a fast response servo valve that can modulate a large portion of the gaseous fuel. Two active control configurations were studied. In the first configuration, the actuator was mounted on one of two premixed fuel stages, and in the second configuration it was mounted on the inlet to the stabilizing diffusion stage. In both configurations, the ACS damped combustion instabilities, attenuating the dominant mode by up to 15dB and reducing the overall broadband noise by 30-40%. NOx emissions were also reduced by approximately 10% when control was applied. Finally, this study demonstrated the importance of having a fast multiple-mode observer when dealing with complex combustion processes with inherently large time delays.

The Influence of Film Cooling on Emissions for a Low NOx Radial Swirler Gas Turbine Combustor

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Andrews ◽  
M. N. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Cooling Flow ◽  
Full Coverage ◽  
Primary Zone

An experimental investigation was undertaken of the influence on emissions of full coverage discrete hole film cooling of a lean low NOx radial swirler natural gas combustor. The combustor used radial swirler vane passage fuel injection on the centre of the vane passage inlet. The test configuration was similar to that used in the Alstom Power Tornado and related family of low NOx gas turbines. The test conditions were simulated at atmospheric pressure at the flow condition of lean low NOx gas turbine primary zones. The tests were carried out at an isothermal flow Mach number of 0.03, which represents 60% of industrial gas turbine combustor airflow through the swirl primary zone. The effusion film cooling used was Rolls-Royce Transply, which has efficient internal cooling of the wall as well as full coverage discrete hole film cooling. Film cooling levels of 0, 16 and 40% of the primary zone airflow were investigated for a fixed total primary zone air flow and reference Mach number of 0.03. The results showed that there was a major increase in the NOx emissions for 740K inlet temperature and 0.45 overall equivalence ratio from 6ppm at zero film cooling air flow to 32ppm at 40% coolant flow rate. CO emissions increased from 25ppm to 75ppm for the same increase in film cooling flow rate. It was shown that the main effect was the creation of a richer inner swirler combustion with a surrounding film cooling flow that did not mix well with the central swirling combustion. The increase in NOx and CO could be predicted on the basis of the central swirl flow equivalence ratio.

scholarly journals Effect of Inlet Conditions on Lean Premixed Gas Turbine Combustor Performance

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh R. Vilayanur ◽  
Nell T. Davis ◽  
Scott Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Recirculation Zone ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Fuel Distribution ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Significant Parameter ◽  
Concentration Peak ◽  
Inlet Conditions

To address the complex effect of inlet parameters on combustor performance, a statistically based technique is applied to a model, premixed natural gas fired combustor. In this way, multiple parameters are simultaneously investigated for their contribution to combustion performance. Atmospheric tests are performed at conditions otherwise representative of industrial combustors: 670 K. inlet preheat and an equivalence ratio of 0.47. Experimental results, in combination with CFD modeling, reveal that (1) the statistical approach is an effective tool by which parameters that dominate performance can be identified, (2) the principal statistically significant parameter linked to NOx production is the inlet fuel distribution, (3) the principal statistically significant parameter linked to CO production is swirl solidity, and (4) an inlet fuel distribution that features a concentration peak in line with the shear layer of the recirculation zone yields NOx levels comparable to a well premixed case.

scholarly journals An Analytical Study of Nitrogen Oxides and Carbon Monoxide Emissions in Hydrocarbon Combustion With Added Nitrogen: Preliminary Results

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Bittker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Hydrocarbon Combustion

This work is one part of a four-part Critical Research and Technology Fuels Combustion Program funded by the Department of Energy. The primary objective of this part of the program is to analytically determine the effect of combustor operating conditions on the conversion of fuel-bound nitrogen (FBN) to nitrogen oxides (NOx). The effect of FBN and of operating conditions on carbon monoxide (CO) formation was also studied.

Infrared Image Processing for Operating Point Control of Gas Turbine Combustor

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Subramanya ◽  
Srikanth Natarajan ◽  
Ahsan R. Choudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Infrared Image ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Gray Scale ◽  
Infrared Image Processing ◽  
Intensity Class ◽  
Point Control ◽  
Interrogation Technique

The paper presents a technique to estimate the combustor equivalence ratio based on broadband infrared flame images. A static zonal interrogation technique was developed to separate flame images from the combustor background. Histogram characteristics of gray scale images were used to correlate the image properties with flame equivalence ratios. Two histogram properties i.e. average number of pixels at 100 to 200 intensity-class and number of pixels at 150 intensity-classes were used to develop the correlation.

scholarly journals Measurement and modeling of the generation and the transport of entropy waves in a model gas turbine combustor

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Wassmer ◽  
Bruno Schuermans ◽  
Christian Oliver Paschereit ◽  
Jonas P Moeck
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Combustion Noise ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Reactor Model ◽  
Convection Diffusion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Model Gas Turbine Combustor

Indirect combustion noise is caused by entropy spots that are accelerated at the first turbine stage. These so-called entropy waves originate from the equivalence ratio fluctuations in the air–fuel mixture upstream of the flame. As entropy waves propagate convectively through the combustion chamber, they are subject to diffusion and dispersion. Because of the inherent difficulty of accurately measuring the burned gas temperature with sufficient temporal resolution, experimental data of entropy waves are scarce. In this work, the transfer function between equivalence ratio fluctuations and entropy fluctuations is modeled by a linearized reactor model, and the transport of entropy waves is investigated based on a convection-diffusion model. Temperature fluctuations are measured by means of a novel measurement technique at different axial positions downstream of the premixed flame, which is forced by periodic fuel injection. Experiments with various flow velocities and excitation frequencies enable model validation over a wide range of parameters.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document