Simulation of Automated Robotic Assembly

Volume 1: 21st Design Automation Conference ◽

10.1115/detc1995-0090 ◽

1995 ◽

Author(s):

Alec R. Miller ◽

Raymond J. Cipra

Keyword(s):

Manufacturing System ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Robotic Assembly ◽

Automated Assembly ◽

System A ◽

Assembly Cell ◽

Wide Range ◽

Graphical Visualization ◽

Manufacturing Software ◽

Research And Education

Abstract This paper examines the development of a networked simulation system. The Automated Robotic Manipulation (ARM) simulator is a central part of the network. This simulation tool currently assists with research and education into automated assembly. Robots, fixtures, conveyors, and parts create an automated assembly cell which is used to test advanced manufacturing software. ARM animates models of these physical components and enhances them with additional forms of three-dimensional graphical visualization. The feasibility of automated assembly can rapidly be assessed from the visual content presented by the simulator. Input formats for ARM are flexible enough to support a wide range of assembly cells and activities. Files and network transmissions customize the simulator to a particular assembly cell and its activities. The emerging assembly data protocol promotes the development of a truly integrated manufacturing system. A graphical interface complete with multiple views assists assembly cell layout and activity review, and networked operations significantly expand its role to areas such as interactive robot control and assembly preview.

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Algorithms for On-Line Monitoring of Micro Spheres in an Optical Tweezers-Based Assembly Cell

Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2795306 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 330-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Tao Peng ◽

Arvind Balijepalli ◽

Satyandra K. Gupta ◽

Tom LeBrun

Keyword(s):

Optical Tweezers ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Optical Section ◽

Automated Assembly ◽

Glass Microspheres ◽

Assembly Cell ◽

Computational Speed ◽

On Line ◽

Areas Of Interest ◽

Speed And Accuracy

Optical tweezers have emerged as a powerful tool for micro- and nanomanipulation. Using optical tweezers to perform automated assembly requires on-line monitoring of components in the assembly workspace. This paper presents algorithms for estimating three-dimensional positions of microspheres in the assembly workspace. Algorithms presented in this paper use images obtained by optical section microscopy. The images are first segmented to locate areas of interest and then image gradient information from the areas of interest is used to locate the positions of individual micro spheres in the XY plane. Finally, signature curves are computed and utilized to obtain the Z locations of spheres. We have tested these algorithms with glass microspheres of two different sizes under different illumination conditions. Our experiments indicate that the algorithms described in this paper provide sufficient computational speed and accuracy to support the operation of optical tweezers.

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Forest Measurements Using ICESat- Geoscience Laser Altimeter System -A Review

International Journal of Research in Advent Technology ◽

10.32622/ijrat.6122018102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 3770-3776

Author(s):

Indu Indirabai ◽

M.V. Harindranathan Nair ◽

Jaishankar. R Nair ◽

Rama Rao Nidamanuri

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Vital Role ◽

Laser Altimeter ◽

Horizontal Structure ◽

Ice Cloud ◽

System A ◽

Wide Range ◽

Forest Ecosystem Management ◽

Structural Attribute ◽

Remote Sensing Systems

Forests play a vital role in carbon cycle and in maintaining climate balance. The measurement of three dimensional forest structural attributes has a profound impact on the forest ecosystem management. Active remote sensing systems provide the capability to quantify the three dimensional structural of forests by measuring both the vertical as well as horizontal structure of forests. Vertical forest measurements can be directly and accurately estimated by means of the space borne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and it has been often used to estimate the forest structural attributes. This paper provides an introductory review of application of the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) onboard NASA’s Ice Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), for the three dimensional structural attribute measurements of forests. The review attempted to briefly explain the characteristics of ICESat/GLAS instruments, data processing and certain applications from the wide range of applications of GLAS data in forestry.

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Turbulent three-dimensional dielectric electrohydrodynamic convection between two plates

Journal of Fluid Mechanics ◽

10.1017/jfm.2012.30 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 696 ◽

pp. 228-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

A. Kourmatzis ◽

J. S. Shrimpton

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Reynolds Numbers ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Energy Budgets ◽

Turbulent Regime ◽

Scalar Flux ◽

Wide Range ◽

Scalar Variance

AbstractThe fundamental mechanisms responsible for the creation of electrohydrodynamically driven roll structures in free electroconvection between two plates are analysed with reference to traditional Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC). Previously available knowledge limited to two dimensions is extended to three-dimensions, and a wide range of electric Reynolds numbers is analysed, extending into a fully inherently three-dimensional turbulent regime. Results reveal that structures appearing in three-dimensional electrohydrodynamics (EHD) are similar to those observed for RBC, and while two-dimensional EHD results bear some similarities with the three-dimensional results there are distinct differences. Analysis of two-point correlations and integral length scales show that full three-dimensional electroconvection is more chaotic than in two dimensions and this is also noted by qualitatively observing the roll structures that arise for both low (${\mathit{Re}}_{E} = 1$) and high electric Reynolds numbers (up to ${\mathit{Re}}_{E} = 120$). Furthermore, calculations of mean profiles and second-order moments along with energy budgets and spectra have examined the validity of neglecting the fluctuating electric field ${ E}_{i}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } $ in the Reynolds-averaged EHD equations and provide insight into the generation and transport mechanisms of turbulent EHD. Spectral and spatial data clearly indicate how fluctuating energy is transferred from electrical to hydrodynamic forms, on moving through the domain away from the charging electrode. It is shown that ${ E}_{i}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } $ is not negligible close to the walls and terms acting as sources and sinks in the turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent scalar flux and turbulent scalar variance equations are examined. Profiles of hydrodynamic terms in the budgets resemble those in the literature for RBC; however there are terms specific to EHD that are significant, indicating that the transfer of energy in EHD is also attributed to further electrodynamic terms and a strong coupling exists between the charge flux and variance, due to the ionic drift term.

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Application of Dendrimers for Treating Parasitic Diseases

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13030343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 343

Author(s):

Veronica Folliero ◽

Carla Zannella ◽

Annalisa Chianese ◽

Debora Stelitano ◽

Annalisa Ambrosino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Medical Knowledge ◽

High Ratio ◽

Molecular Volume ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Parasitic Diseases ◽

Wide Range

Despite advances in medical knowledge, parasitic diseases remain a significant global health burden and their pharmacological treatment is often hampered by drug toxicity. Therefore, drug delivery systems may provide useful advantages when used in combination with conventional therapeutic compounds. Dendrimers are three-dimensional polymeric structures, characterized by a central core, branches and terminal functional groups. These nanostructures are known for their defined structure, great water solubility, biocompatibility and high encapsulation ability against a wide range of molecules. Furthermore, the high ratio between terminal groups and molecular volume render them a hopeful vector for drug delivery. These nanostructures offer several advantages compared to conventional drugs for the treatment of parasitic infection. Dendrimers deliver drugs to target sites with reduced dosage, solving side effects that occur with accepted marketed drugs. In recent years, extensive progress has been made towards the use of dendrimers for therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic purposes for the management of parasitic infections. The present review highlights the potential of several dendrimers in the management of parasitic diseases.

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An Overview on the Rheology, Mechanical Properties, Durability, 3D Printing, and Microstructural Performance of Nanomaterials in Cementitious Composites

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14112950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 2950

Author(s):

Hongwei Song ◽

Xinle Li

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

3D Printing ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cementitious Materials ◽

Research Area ◽

Cementitious Composites ◽

Split Tensile Strength ◽

Contour Crafting ◽

Wide Range ◽

Active Research

The most active research area is nanotechnology in cementitious composites, which has a wide range of applications and has achieved popularity over the last three decades. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as possible materials to be used in the field of civil engineering. Previous research has concentrated on evaluating the effect of different NPs in cementitious materials to alter material characteristics. In order to provide a broad understanding of how nanomaterials (NMs) can be used, this paper critically evaluates previous research on the influence of rheology, mechanical properties, durability, 3D printing, and microstructural performance on cementitious materials. The flow properties of fresh cementitious composites can be measured using rheology and slump. Mechanical properties such as compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength reveal hardened properties. The necessary tests for determining a NM’s durability in concrete are shrinkage, pore structure and porosity, and permeability. The advent of modern 3D printing technologies is suitable for structural printing, such as contour crafting and binder jetting. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has opened up new avenues for the building and construction industry to become more digital. Regardless of the material science, a range of problems must be tackled, including developing smart cementitious composites suitable for 3D structural printing. According to the scanning electron microscopy results, the addition of NMs to cementitious materials results in a denser and improved microstructure with more hydration products. This paper provides valuable information and details about the rheology, mechanical properties, durability, 3D printing, and microstructural performance of cementitious materials with NMs and encourages further research.

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Polymer cyclization for the emergence of hierarchical nanostructures

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-24222-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chaojian Chen ◽

Manjesh Kumar Singh ◽

Katrin Wunderlich ◽

Sean Harvey ◽

Colette J. Whitfield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Self Assembly ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Hierarchical Structures ◽

Structural Similarity ◽

Vital Role ◽

Nanomaterial Synthesis ◽

Wide Range ◽

Linear Poly ◽

Polymer Folding ◽

Dynamics Simulations

AbstractThe creation of synthetic polymer nanoobjects with well-defined hierarchical structures is important for a wide range of applications such as nanomaterial synthesis, catalysis, and therapeutics. Inspired by the programmability and precise three-dimensional architectures of biomolecules, here we demonstrate the strategy of fabricating controlled hierarchical structures through self-assembly of folded synthetic polymers. Linear poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) of different lengths are folded into cyclic polymers and their self-assembly into hierarchical structures is elucidated by various experimental techniques and molecular dynamics simulations. Based on their structural similarity, macrocyclic brush polymers with amphiphilic block side chains are synthesized, which can self-assemble into wormlike and higher-ordered structures. Our work points out the vital role of polymer folding in macromolecular self-assembly and establishes a versatile approach for constructing biomimetic hierarchical assemblies.

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A developmentally descriptive method for quantifying shape in gastropod shells

Journal of The Royal Society Interface ◽

10.1098/rsif.2019.0721 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (163) ◽

pp. 20190721

Author(s):

J. Larsson ◽

A. M. Westram ◽

S. Bengmark ◽

T. Lundh ◽

R. K. Butlin

Keyword(s):

Empirical Studies ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Shell Shape ◽

Large Set ◽

Littorina Saxatilis ◽

Shape Variation ◽

Gastropod Shell ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Wide Range ◽

Descriptive Method

The growth of snail shells can be described by simple mathematical rules. Variation in a few parameters can explain much of the diversity of shell shapes seen in nature. However, empirical studies of gastropod shell shape variation typically use geometric morphometric approaches, which do not capture this growth pattern. We have developed a way to infer a set of developmentally descriptive shape parameters based on three-dimensional logarithmic helicospiral growth and using landmarks from two-dimensional shell images as input. We demonstrate the utility of this approach, and compare it to the geometric morphometric approach, using a large set of Littorina saxatilis shells in which locally adapted populations differ in shape. Our method can be modified easily to make it applicable to a wide range of shell forms, which would allow for investigations of the similarities and differences between and within many different species of gastropods.

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A Review on Biosensors and Recent Development of Nanostructured Materials-Enabled Biosensors

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21041109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1109

Author(s):

Varnakavi. Naresh ◽

Nohyun Lee

Keyword(s):

High Surface ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Biological Response ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Recent Decade ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Electrical Signal ◽

Detection Sensitivity ◽

Wide Range ◽

Color Tunability

A biosensor is an integrated receptor-transducer device, which can convert a biological response into an electrical signal. The design and development of biosensors have taken a center stage for researchers or scientists in the recent decade owing to the wide range of biosensor applications, such as health care and disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, water and food quality monitoring, and drug delivery. The main challenges involved in the biosensor progress are (i) the efficient capturing of biorecognition signals and the transformation of these signals into electrochemical, electrical, optical, gravimetric, or acoustic signals (transduction process), (ii) enhancing transducer performance i.e., increasing sensitivity, shorter response time, reproducibility, and low detection limits even to detect individual molecules, and (iii) miniaturization of the biosensing devices using micro-and nano-fabrication technologies. Those challenges can be met through the integration of sensing technology with nanomaterials, which range from zero- to three-dimensional, possessing a high surface-to-volume ratio, good conductivities, shock-bearing abilities, and color tunability. Nanomaterials (NMs) employed in the fabrication and nanobiosensors include nanoparticles (NPs) (high stability and high carrier capacity), nanowires (NWs) and nanorods (NRs) (capable of high detection sensitivity), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (large surface area, high electrical and thermal conductivity), and quantum dots (QDs) (color tunability). Furthermore, these nanomaterials can themselves act as transduction elements. This review summarizes the evolution of biosensors, the types of biosensors based on their receptors, transducers, and modern approaches employed in biosensors using nanomaterials such as NPs (e.g., noble metal NPs and metal oxide NPs), NWs, NRs, CNTs, QDs, and dendrimers and their recent advancement in biosensing technology with the expansion of nanotechnology.

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