Planning and Scheduling Based on an Explicit Representation of the State of the Design

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre´s Felipe Melo ◽  
P. John Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Explicit Representation ◽  
Industrial Case Study ◽  
Planning And Scheduling ◽  
State Action ◽  
Markov Decision ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

This paper describes a computational model that provides planning information useful for scheduling the design process. The model aims to reduce uncertainty in the design process and with it the risk of rework. The view is taken that planning is concerned with choosing between alternative actions and action sequences, but not with resource allocation. The planning model is based on an explicit representation of the state of the design process, the definition of the design capabilities as a pool of tasks, and on the generation and selection of plans by evaluating their reliability. Classical decision theory is used for evaluating the plans: a state-action net is built and analyzed as a Markov decision process. The model produces plans based on qualified task dependencies. These plans can be used as a basis for manual and automated scheduling. In an example industrial case study, a reduction of over 30% in the expected rework was predicted.

scholarly journals Methodical basis of social security measurement of the state

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Oleh Dzoba ◽  
Nataliia Stavnycha
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Assessment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodical Basis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Integral Indicator

Summary the article has analyzed the existing scientific and methodological approaches to assessing the level of social security of the state. It was revealed that they differ because: scientists include various components that form social security; they use various indicators and calculation methods; have various aspects of both generalization and practical direction. It was revealed that most often the components of social security include: safety of life, health, social protection and aspects of social and labor relations. The methods that are most often used in calculating the level of social security were considered. It was proved that in assessment, the selection of indicators that pose a threat, is the difficult task. It was revealed that there is no legally approved methodology for assessing the social security of the state. The use of various social security assessment methodologies was analyzed. Emphasis was placed on the selection of indicators used in these techniques. It was concluded that for assessing the social security of the state, an integral indicator is used most often. At the same time, scientists prefer their own set of indicators. The author’s definition of «social security» was presented, which allowed the formation of four components of the state’s social security (life, poverty, health and education). It was established that the choice of indicators for assessing the social security of the state should cover a retrospective period and should be based on both reporting and calculated data. A hierarchical model of an integral indicator of state social security was proposed. There was defined a set of indicators for each of proposed component. The following algorithm has been proposed for assessing the integral indicator of state social security: the formation of the components of social security and the definition of indicative indicators for each of the components; formation of a database; determination of an integral indicator; determining the influence of each component on the change in the integral indicator; interpretation of indicators; determining the sustainability of hazardous trends.

scholarly journals AUDIT AS A FORM OF CONTROL OF THE STATE FINANCIAL INSPECTION OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihor Bohdaniuk ◽  
Vladyslav Kolisnichenko ◽  
Olena Ustymenko
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Structural Method ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of the article is to review the audit as a form of control of the State Financial Inspection of Ukraine and to analyse its forms and types. The subject of the study is the audit as a form of control of the State Financial Inspection of Ukraine. Research methodology. The research is based on the use of general scientific and specialscientific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge. The dialectical method made it possible to investigate the definition of the audit as a form of control of the State Financial Inspection of Ukraine and the procedure for its appointment. The comparative legal method was used in order to compare doctrinal approaches to this issue. Interpretation of the content of normative legal acts of domestic legislation was carried out with the help of the normative-dogmatic method. These acts regulate the problem of appointment and conduction of the audit. The system-structural method was used for the study of the audit institution as a whole (system) with the coordinated functioning of all its elements. Methods of analysis and synthesis helped to study some parts of this institute to formulate further conclusions about its most optimal functioning. Practical impact. The analysis of types of audits, as well as their characteristic features, helped to develop recommendations for improving the procedure for conducting audits by the State Financial Inspection of Ukraine, as well as to identify problematic issues that require further consideration and research. Correlation/originality. In the research, there was made a proposal about audits, which are carried out by the State Financial Inspection of Ukraine and its territorial bodies. The proposal was to make them a form of forecasting control. It was recommended to qualify the fact of prevention the officials of the controlling body from carrying out the audit, checking or not providing the necessary documents for audit and verification as an administrative offense. A special attention was paid to the timeliness of the selection of explanations from the involved persons during the detection of offenses.

Modeling Uncertainty Reduction in Concurrent Engineering Design Teams

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca A. Barrientos ◽  
Irem Y. Tumer ◽  
David G. Ullman
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Concurrent Engineering ◽  
Team Member ◽  
The State ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Group Awareness ◽  
Design Evolution ◽  
Process Uncertainty ◽  
Modeling Methodology

The design process can be viewed as a series of actions for reducing uncertainty in product or system design specifications. At the beginning of the design process, uncertainty is high because the design space has yet to be explored and decisions have not been made. This uncertainty contributes to design risk, risk due to the engineer’s lack of knowledge and/or information. In design teams, design risk takes on the added dimension of lack of group awareness about the state of knowledge of each team member. To better understand and capture uncertainty inherent in early design, we have developed a methodology to model design evolution in concurrent design teams. The representation is a directed graph that represents the state of a design over time. In this paper we describe our modeling methodology and present a case study of two different design teams. We present the results of modeling a part of the design process. Then we show how the model can be analyzed to understand how information and knowledge transfer was used to make decisions and reduce uncertainty and design risk.

scholarly journals Creation of a Framework of Design Tool Characteristics to Support Evaluation and Selection of Visualisation Tools

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1115-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Zhang ◽  
Charlie Ranscombe ◽  
David Radcliffe ◽  
Simon Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Tool Development ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Support Evaluation ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn Industrial Design, new design visualisation tools are emerging offering significant benefits to the designers. However, studies show alongside some benefits, new tools can also inhibit designers' creativity or cause time inefficiency if used in the wrong context. Thus, understanding which tools to use and when during the design process is increasingly necessary to ensure the best use of resources in design practice. Existing research on understanding the performance of design tools and the resulting frameworks for comparing tools are either specific to certain tools or highly generalised making evaluation across different design tools challenging. As such, this paper reports the creation of a more comprehensive framework of design tool characteristics to facilitate a better understanding of design tools and their uses. Demonstration of application of the framework is also given in the form of a case study on the use of Digital Sketching and its comparable tools with four practising designers. In conclusion, we show how the Design Tool Characteristics (DTCs) framework is an effective way to understand design tools, with further implications for design tool development.

Conceptual Design of A Human-Computer Interface: A Case Study in Design Methodology

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 510-510
Author(s):  
Virginia A. Rappold ◽  
John L. Sibert
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Planning And Scheduling ◽  
State Diagrams

The purpose of this case study was to document and evaluate the application of a top-down design methodology (Foley & van Dam, 1982) to a pre-existing computer system to test the methodology's usefulness as well as to gain insights into the design process itself. System experts advocate design of a system “top-down” instead of “bottom-up” as a way to sequentially examine the complex task of interface design while allowing re-examination of previous steps in that design (Foley, 1981). The study involved a menu-based, mini-computer system designed at Goddard Space Flight Center called the Mission Planning Terminal (MPT). The MPT will be used at Goddard for planning and scheduling of satellite activities through the NASA Network Control Center (NCC). The scheduler/analyst's task includes submitting a schedule of activities for his mission, transmitting it to NCC, and then modifying the returned schedule, if necessary, using the MPT. The top-down design process is distinctly divided into four phases: conceptual, semantic, syntactic, and lexical (Foley, 1981). The first phase, conceptual, consists of defining key application concepts needed by the user. The semantic phases involve defining meanings such as information needed in order to use an object. The syntactic design defines sequences of inputs (similar to English grammar rules) and outputs (the two and three dimensional organization of the display). The last step, lexical design, describes how words in the input/output sequence are formed from the existing hardware input (Foley & van Dam, 1982). The top-down methodology was applied using MPT documentation and interviews with the designers. During this process, it became clear that although a conceptual model of the MPT existed somewhere, it was never recorded. This led to numerous attempts to extract the main conceptual components of the system from the software operations documents which were constantly changed and were often incomplete. Finally, based on preliminary screen designs, state diagrams were constructed to map out components of the system. By characterization of the MPT in this way (using state diagrams), a clearer picture emerged that finally led to understanding the conceptual model. Once the conceptual model was extracted, redesign of the system, using the top-down method, quickly followed. This case study clearly emphasizes the need for a complete and accurate conceptual model if a top-down approach is to be applied. When redesigning an existing system, it frequently becomes necessary to “extract” this model in a bottom-up manner as was the case here.

Selection of Waste Water Equalization Systems for Multi Product Batch Production Facility: An Industrial Case Study

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaidehi Bhatt ◽  
Meka. Srinivasarao ◽  
Anand Dhanwani ◽  
Swapan Paruya ◽  
Samarjit Kar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Production Facility ◽  
Batch Production ◽  
Industrial Case Study ◽  
Selection Of

Suboptimal food retail model in Czechia: social super discount stores

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Sadílek
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Discount Stores ◽  
Selection Of

PurposeThe paper aims to identify retail models redistributing suboptimal food and their presence in Czechia. The author aims to give an overview of the status in comparison with other European Union countries and the form of such models in the Czech retail market concerning social super discount stores (SSDSs).Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is based on data obtained from an empirical study conducted by the study of secondary materials, author store-check observations and interviews with owners of SSDSs. The theoretical part consists of a literature review on social enterprises, food wasting and the definition of certain food distribution formats such as social supermarkets, food banks and SSDSs. The criteria for the selection of the research sample for observation were chosen based on the research conducted in Austria by researchers from the Vienna University of Economics and Business.FindingsThe research sample consists of 40 retail stores belonging to five retailers. The particular variables of the study are the number of stores, store size, range of categories and products, discount rates, location and the number of employees in the selected stores in Czechia.Originality/valueThis paper is a case study to identify and explore social retailing in Central Europe. This paper contributes to the emerging set of literature on social entrepreneurship, particularly in the field of retail for suboptimal food products.

scholarly journals Proposal of an Implementation Methodology of ICT Processes

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Dias Canedo ◽  
Ruyther Parente da Costa ◽  
Luis Henrique Vieira Amaral ◽  
Moramay Coutinho ◽  
Georges Daniel Amvame Nze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Implementation Methodology ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
State Employees

The challenge to enhance the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in the Brazilian Federal Public Administration involves not only technological issues but also staff training, adaptation to new culture, and understanding of processes. Furthermore, knowledge must be well aligned and articulated so that ICT resources are applied efficiently and effectively, meeting the needs of society, ensuring the provision of quality public service and, above all, providing better conditions for the exercise of functions performed by employees. This article presents an account of the implementation of the ICT processes in a State Company based on the ICT Governance Kit proposed for the Secretariat of Coordination and Governance of State Companies. During the execution of the case study, we surveyed the initial diagnosis of the processes performed by the State, as well as brainstormings and semi-structured interviews to help the implementation process. The diagnosis made it possible to identify the level of maturity of the existing ICT processes in the State and to verify if they were being carried out in the best possible way. The driving dynamics worked as a pilot, allowing the exchange of knowledge between teams, improvements suggestion in some processes of the Kit and the definition of a proposed methodology for the implementation of the Kit that could serve as a model to be used by other States which will implement the Kit. Lastly, the processes contemplated in the Kit were considered adherent by the execution team (State employees specialists in ICT Governance who participated in the implementation process), and the suggested artifacts were validated.

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