scholarly journals Design and Testing of a Low-Cost and Low-Maintenance Drip Irrigation Filtration System for Micro-Irrigation in Developing Countries

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Greenlee ◽  
Timothy Murray ◽  
Victor Lesniewski ◽  
Mark Jeunnette ◽  
Amos G. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Cartridge Filter ◽  
Micro Irrigation ◽  
Design And Testing

The cylindrical filters presently used in <1000 m2 drip irrigation systems are frequently clogged, increasing pressure loss and lowering the flow rate through the filters. This work investigates the mechanisms for this clogging and proposes an alternative filtration design that would enable both more reliable and lower maintenance filtering. This proposed system is compatible with existing drip irrigation systems and could be made inexpensively with plastic bottle manufacturing equipment. To compare the proposed design to off-the-shelf options, a drip irrigation test setup was built to measure the pressure loss across different filters as particles accumulated. These experiments confirmed that pleated cartridge filters, with high effective surface area, incurred lower pressure losses than cylindrical filters. These tests revealed that the greatest reason for clogged performance was that filtered particles (not the cartridge filter itself) eventually restricted the flow of water through the system. This inspired the redesign of the filter housing such that the housing extended far below the filter, providing a catch basin away from the filter for the particles to settle. Fixing the filter independently of the bottom casing significantly improved the overall performance of the filtration system, reduced the maintenance requirement necessary from the user, and would enable inexpensive manufacturing via blow molding. This paper experimentally demonstrates that the cartridge filter inside the redesigned housing can filter out over 2 kg of sand while maintaining less than a .03 bar pressure drop across the filter at a flow rate of 25 l/s.

scholarly journals PORTABLE SAND FILTER FOR SMALL DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Cleomar Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Marconi Batista Teixeira ◽  
Adriana Ramos ◽  
Renato Moreira da Silva ◽  
Pedro Henrique Pinto Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Sand Filter

PORTABLE SAND FILTER FOR SMALL DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS  CLEOMAR FERREIRA DE OLIVEIRA1; MARCONI BATISTA TEIXEIRA2*; ADRIANA RAMOS3; RENATO MOREIRA DA SILVA4; PEDRO HENRIQUE PINTO RIBEIRO5 E JOSÉ ANTÔNIO FRIZZONE6 1 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Prof. Dr. IFMinas Gerais - Campus Muzambinho, MG.2 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Prof. Dr. IFGoiano - Campus Rio Verde, GO. *E-mail: [email protected] Engenheira Agrônoma, Profa. Dra. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz – Ilhéus, BA.4 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutor, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, LEB - ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba - SP.5 Tecnólogo em Irrigação e Drenagem, Doutorando, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UNESP/FCA, Botucatu, SP.6 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Prof. Titular, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, LEB - ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba - SP.  1 ABSTRACT Filters in drip irrigation systems are fundamental to ensure effective control of water quality and to reduce clogging of emitters. Current study aims at constructing a low cost portable sand filter for small localized irrigation systems (up to 1.0 ha) and at determining its head loss due to flow. Tests were carried out in the Hydraulic Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering Department of Agriculture School “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo. Magnetic-induction Conaut Krohne model IFS 4000 w/6 with IFC 090 D signal convert of discharge, reading range between 0 and 90 m3.h-1 and 99% precision, was used for flow rate measurements. Pressure loss at each observation point was determined indirectly by two differential pressure gauges with a mercury column. A set of 20 flow readings was performed in three replications. Results showed that maximum filter discharge complied with ASAE guidelines and the cost of materials for manufacture of the filter was U$ 382.15. Linear mathematical model adequately describes the loss of pressure of the sand filter due to flow variation. Rates of minimum and maximum flow recommended range between 0.0257 m3.h-1 and 0.556 m3.h-1, and thus may satisfy small trickle irrigation projects. Keywords: Filtration, water quality, head loss, flow rate.

Performance of pea under different irrigation systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.V. Ramana Rao ◽  
Suchi Gangwar ◽  
Arpna Bajpai ◽  
Ravish Keshri ◽  
Lavesh Chourasia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Micro Irrigation

The field experiment was conducted at Precision Farming Development Centre, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal on influence of different irrigation methods in three continuous years (2010-2013) on the performance pea crop. Conventional flood irrigation, micro sprinkler and drip irrigation systems were adopted as three treatments and with seven replications in each treatment in the study. Pea (Arkel variety) crop was sown at a spacing of 45 X 10 cm. During the period of experiment flood irrigation were applied on weekly basis and micro irrigation and drip irrigation systems were operated every third day to meet the crop water requirement. The total quantity of water applied in flood, drip irrigation and micro sprinkler systems were 387.5, 244.7 and 273.5 mm respectively. Maximum crop yield was observed under micro sprinkler system (98.60 q/ha) followed by drip and conventional irrigation system. Saving of water was found better under drip irrigation over micro sprinkler irrigation system.

scholarly journals Validation of an Analytical Model to Lower the Cost of Solar-Powered Drip Irrigation Systems for Smallholder Farmers in the Mena Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Grant ◽  
Carolyn Sheline ◽  
Susan Amrose ◽  
Elizabeth Brownell ◽  
Vinay Nangia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Solar Powered

Abstract Drip irrigation is a micro-irrigation technology that has been shown to conserve water and significantly increase crop yield. This technology could be particularly beneficial to the world’s estimated 500 million smallholder farmers, but drip systems tend to be financially inaccessible to this population. Drip systems require costly components including a pipe network, emitters, a pump and power system. Due to limited access to electricity, many smallholder farmers would require off-grid solutions. Designing reliable, low cost, off-grid drip irrigation systems for smallholder farms could significantly reduce the barrier to adoption. This paper builds on an integrated solar-powered drip irrigation model that was shown to improve upon an existing software. Field trials of the small-scale drip system were conducted on research farms in Jordan and Morocco for a full growing season. Data collected from these field trials are used to validate the hydraulics portion of the systems-level model. In addition, the insights gained from the field trials were formed into design requirements for future iterations of the model. These include optimizing for the system life cycle cost, as opposed to capital cost, the ability to simulate the system operation over a season, the capability to input a user’s irrigation schedule, incorporating locally-available components, and incorporating a system reliability constraint based on more detailed agronomic calculations.

scholarly journals Local head loss caused in connections used in micro-irrigation systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner W. Á. Bombardelli ◽  
Antonio P. de Camargo ◽  
José A. Frizzone ◽  
Rogério Lavanholi ◽  
Hermes S. da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Head Losses ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
Head Loss Coefficient ◽  
Micro Irrigation ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT Information about local head loss caused by connections employed in micro-irrigation systems is hard to be found in literature. The objective of this research was to experimentally determine the local head losses in connections commonly used in micro-irrigation and propose mathematical models using the theorem of Buckingham. The methodology of tests was based on international standards. The tests were carried out under controlled inlet pressure, at 150 kPa, and five to ten units of each connection model were tested. The curves relating flow and head losses were drawn based on 15 flow conditions, obtained under increase and decrease of flow rate. For each condition, 30 points were collected resulting in a sample size of 900 points in each test. For each connection model evaluated, the following information was obtained: curves of local head loss as a function of flow rate and of local head loss coefficient (KL). The obtained values of KL ranged from 2.72 to 24.16, which become constant for Reynolds number higher than 10,000. The sensitivity of the coefficient related to a ratio of the internal sections in the connections was also verified. The flow exponents presented values close to the one applied by the Darcy-Weisbach equation (m = 2). The models developed for the connections presented a satisfactory performance.

Investigation on Soil Wetting Patterns of Low Cost Drip Irrigation Systems Developed in India

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinaki Mondal . ◽  
R.K. Biswas . ◽  
V.K. Tewari . ◽  
K. Kundu . ◽  
Manisha Basu .
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Soil Wetting

scholarly journals Feasibility of Pairing a Low-Cost Positive Displacement Pump With Low-Energy Pressure Compensating Drip Irrigation Emitters for Smallholder Farms in Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Engelkemier ◽  
Fiona Grant ◽  
Jordan Landis ◽  
Carolyn Sheline ◽  
Hannah Varner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Physical Relationship ◽  
Positive Displacement ◽  
Effective Manner

Abstract In low income countries, existing drip irrigation systems are cost prohibitive to many smallholder farmers. Companies are working to develop efficient, low-cost irrigation systems by using technologies such as positive displacement (PD) pumps and pressure compensating (PC) emitters. However, these two technologies have not been paired in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Here we describe a proof-of-concept pump control algorithm that demonstrates the feasibility of exploiting the physical relationship between the input electrical power to a PD pump and the hydraulic behavior of a system of PC emitters in order to determine the optimal pump operating point. The development and validation of this control algorithm was conducted in partnership with the Kenya-based irrigation company SunCulture. This control method is expected to reduce cost, improve system efficiency, and increase accessibility of irrigation systems to smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Improvement of intra-soil and drip irrigation of agricultural crops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Kremenskoy ◽  
◽  
A.M. Dzhaparova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Development ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Micro Irrigation ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability

The work is devoted to the development and improvement of subsurface and drip irrigation systems for agricultural crops in the Crimea. The analysis of the stages of micro-irrigation development is carried out. In our research, we used general scientific methods for collecting and systemizing information on irrigation systems. The efficiency and reliability of the operation of individual units of subsurface and drip irrigation systems have been revealed. The main directions of improvement of micro-irrigation systems were determined.

scholarly journals PHOTOVOLTAIC PUMPING: ALTERNATIVE FOR MICROIRRIGATION IN THE MATA MINEIRA AREA

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-645
Author(s):  
RAFAEL GOMES PAES ◽  
CATARINY CABRAL ALEMAN ◽  
THALLITA FERREIRA ◽  
HEWLLEY MARIA ACIOLI IMBUZEIRO ◽  
HEVERTON AUGUSTO PEREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Autonomous System ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The Other ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Collection Phase

The objective of the research was to evaluate the uniformity of drip irrigation with photovoltaic pumping with and without storage in batteries. using normal and self-compensating emitters. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Viçosa. Minas Gerais. Brazil. Two drip irrigation systems were tested. one with self-compensating emitters and the other with normal emitters with a flow rate of 4 L h-1. The coefficients of uniformity of Cristiansen and distribution (CUC and CUD) were used to evaluate the performance of the irrigation systems. The volumes pumped by the autonomous system and stored in batteries throughout the year in all regions of the country were compared for the period from 02/01/2018 to 01/31/2019. a period that contemplates the data collection phase of the experiment. According to the results. the uniformity of the drip systems with and without energy storage. with emitters normal and self-compensating presented a coefficient between 93% and 97%. classified as excellent. The largest volumes pumped throughout the year for drip irrigation systems with normal and self-compensating emitters without batteries occurred in the Northeast region of Brazil.

scholarly journals A New Design Model of an MR Shock Absorber for Aircraft Landing Gear Systems Considering Major and Minor Pressure Losses: Experimental Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 7895
Author(s):  
Byung-Hyuk Kang ◽  
Jai-Hyuk Hwang ◽  
Seung-Bok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Landing Gear ◽  
Design Model ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Aircraft Landing ◽  
Aircraft Landing Gear ◽  
Major Loss

This work presents a novel design model of a magnetorheological (MR) fluid-based shock absorber (MR shock absorber in short) that can be applied to an aircraft landing gear system. When an external force acts on an MR shock absorber, pressure loss occurs at the flow path while resisting the fluid flow. During the flow motion, two pressure losses occur: the major loss, which is proportional to the flow rate, and the minor loss, which is proportional to the square of the flow rate. In general, when an MR shock absorber is designed for low stroke velocity systems such as an automotive suspension system, the consideration of the major loss only for the design model is well satisfied by experimental results. However, when an MR shock absorber is applied to dynamic systems that require high stroke velocity, such as aircraft landing gear systems, the minor loss effect becomes significant to the pressure drop. In this work, a new design model for an MR shock absorber, considering both the major and minor pressure losses, is proposed. After formulating a mathematical design model, a prototype of an MR shock absorber is manufactured based on the design parameters of a lightweight aircraft landing gear system. After establishing a drop test for the MR shock absorber, the results of the pressure drop versus stroke/stroke velocity are investigated at different impact energies. It is shown from comparative evaluation that the proposed design model agrees with the experiment much better than the model that considers only the major pressure loss.

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