Kinematics Model for Tooth-Skipped Gear Honing

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yu ◽  
Jiachun Lin ◽  
Zhaoyao Shi
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Kinematics Model ◽  
Gear Honing ◽  
Gear Manufacturing ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Processing ◽  
Meshing Process ◽  
Integrated Error

As gears that have been honed offer excellent wear characteristics and are extremely quiet, gear honing has become an essential part in the production of high-speed transmissions. In this paper, a novel gear honing technology based on toothskipped gearing theory is proposed. So far, this theory has been used only in the gear dynamic integrated error measuring machine, which was invented by a Chinese engineer. It is the first time that the theory has been introduced into gear manufacturing. Firstly, the whole tooth-skipped honing process is analyzed by taking the rack and pinion as an example. Secondly, the kinematics model of relationship between the rack and the gear is established, which takes the rack addendum meshing process, the gear addendum meshing process and the involute meshing process into consideration. Finally, the boundary points of each process are analyzed. The velocity curve of the gear to be manufactured is obtained. Tooth-skipped gear honing as a gear fine finishing approach has high processing efficiency and can increase the gear quality.

Gear Reverse-Order Meshing—Phenomenon, Analysis, and Application

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Zhaoyao ◽  
Shu Zanhui ◽  
Yu Bo ◽  
Wang Tao ◽  
Wang Xiaoyi
Keyword(s):  
Contact Point ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Reverse Order ◽  
Normal Order ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Gear Honing ◽  
Speed Error ◽  
Pitch Deviation ◽  
Meshing Process ◽  
Integrated Error

The gear drive is theoretically a normal-order meshing process to transmit movement and power. When temperature variation, misalignment, manufacture error, or deformation occurs, the normal-order meshing will be destroyed. Under certain conditions, the contact point moves in the opposite direction to the normal order on the surface of the tooth. This process is called gear reverse-order meshing. The gear reverse-order meshing will lead to gear impact and generate noise during the transmission. In the study, with gear pairs with base pitch deviation as the study object, we further studied this process and expanded the application scope of the process to kinematics and dynamics. The transmission error of the gear reverse-order meshing process was deduced. Both the speed error and acceleration error were obtained. Based on the curves of these three variables, the influence of gear reverse-order meshing on gear transmission characteristic was analyzed to explore the causes for the meshing impact phenomenon. Although the gear reverse-order meshing process has some disadvantages, it could also be applied in some fields. Due to the feature of gear reverse-order meshing, it is applied to gear integrated error (GIE) measuring technique and tooth-skipped gear honing process effectively.

Isolation and HPLC Determination of the Chemical Components of Gentianella acuta (Michx.) Hulten

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Ying Wei ◽  
Yongqiao Liu ◽  
Yifan Hele ◽  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Main Components ◽  
First Time

Background: Gentianella acuta (Michx.) Hulten is an important type of medicinal plant found in several Chinese provinces. It has been widely used in folk medicine to treat various illnesses. However, there is not enough detailed information about the chemical constituents of this plant or methods for their content determination. Objective: The focus of this work is the isolation and characterization of the major chemical constituents of Gentianella acuta, and developing an analytical method for their determination. Methods: The components of Gentianella acuta were isolated using (1) ethanol extraction and adsorption on macroporous resin. (2) and ethyl acetate extraction and high speed countercurrent chromatography. A HPLC-DAD method was developed using a C18 column and water-acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Based on compound polarities, both isocratic and gradient elution methods were developed. Results: A total of 29 compounds were isolated from this plant, of which 17 compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time. The main components in this plant were found to be xanthones. The HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for their determination, and found to show good sensitivity and reliability. Conclusion: The results of this work add to the limited body of work available on this important medicinal plant. The findings will be useful for further investigation and development of Gentianella acuta for its valuable medicinal properties.

scholarly journals Getting High: High Fidelity Simulation of High Granularity Calorimeters with High Speed

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Buhmann ◽  
Sascha Diefenbacher ◽  
Engin Eren ◽  
Frank Gaede ◽  
Gregor Kasieczka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
High Fidelity Simulation ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Electromagnetic Showers ◽  
Information Bottleneck ◽  
First Time ◽  
Processing Network

AbstractAccurate simulation of physical processes is crucial for the success of modern particle physics. However, simulating the development and interaction of particle showers with calorimeter detectors is a time consuming process and drives the computing needs of large experiments at the LHC and future colliders. Recently, generative machine learning models based on deep neural networks have shown promise in speeding up this task by several orders of magnitude. We investigate the use of a new architecture—the Bounded Information Bottleneck Autoencoder—for modelling electromagnetic showers in the central region of the Silicon-Tungsten calorimeter of the proposed International Large Detector. Combined with a novel second post-processing network, this approach achieves an accurate simulation of differential distributions including for the first time the shape of the minimum-ionizing-particle peak compared to a full Geant4 simulation for a high-granularity calorimeter with 27k simulated channels. The results are validated by comparing to established architectures. Our results further strengthen the case of using generative networks for fast simulation and demonstrate that physically relevant differential distributions can be described with high accuracy.

scholarly journals Investigations of the Absorption Front in High-Speed Laser Processing Up to 600 m/min

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4015
Author(s):  
Peter Hellwig ◽  
Klaus Schricker ◽  
Jean Pierre Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Process Models ◽  
External Process ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Loss Of Mass ◽  
Processing Zone ◽  
High Processing

High processing speeds enormously enlarge the number of possible fields of application for laser processes. For example, material removal for sheet cutting using multiple passes or precise mass corrections can be achieved by means of spatter formation. For a better understanding of spatter formation at processing speeds of several hundred meters per minute, characterizations of the processing zone are required. For this purpose, a 400 W single-mode fiber laser was used in this study to process stainless steel AISI 304 (1.4301/X5CrNi18-10) with speeds of up to 600 m/min. A setup was developed that enabled a lateral high-speed observation of the processing zone by means of a glass plate flanking. This approach allowed for the measurement of several dimensions, such as the penetration depth, spatter formation, and especially, the inclination angle of the absorption front. It was shown that the loss of mass started to significantly increase when the absorption front was inclined at about 60°. In combination with precise weighings, metallographic examinations, and further external process observations, these findings provided an illustration of four empirical process models for different processing speeds.

scholarly journals Redesigned Sensor Holder for an Atomic Force Microscope with an Adjustable Probe Direction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janik Schaude ◽  
Maxim Fimushkin ◽  
Tino Hausotte
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuator ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Contact Mode ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Measuring Machine

AbstractThe article presents a redesigned sensor holder for an atomic force microscope (AFM) with an adjustable probe direction, which is integrated into a nano measuring machine (NMM-1). The AFM, consisting of a commercial piezoresistive cantilever operated in closed-loop intermitted contact-mode, is based on two rotational axes, which enable the adjustment of the probe direction to cover a complete hemisphere. The axes greatly enlarge the metrology frame of the measuring system by materials with a comparatively high coefficient of thermal expansion. The AFM is therefore operated within a thermostating housing with a long-term temperature stability of 17 mK. The sensor holder, connecting the rotational axes and the cantilever, inserted one adhesive bond, a soldered connection and a geometrically undefined clamping into the metrology circle, which might also be a source of measurement error. It has therefore been redesigned to a clamped senor holder, which is presented, evaluated and compared to the previous glued sensor holder within this paper. As will be shown, there are no significant differences between the two sensor holders. This leads to the conclusion, that the three aforementioned connections do not deteriorate the measurement precision, significantly. As only a minor portion of the positioning range of the piezoelectric actuator is needed to stimulate the cantilever near its resonance frequency, a high-speed closed-loop control that keeps the cantilever within its operating range using this piezoelectric actuator further on as actuator was implemented and is presented within this article.

Evaluation of Parts Produced by a Novel Additive Manufacturing Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fahad ◽  
Neil Hopkinson
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Nylon 12 ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
End Use

Rapid prototyping refers to building three dimensional parts in a tool-less, layer by layer manner using the CAD geometry of the part. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is the name given to the application of rapid prototyping technologies to produce functional, end use items. Since AM is relatively new area of manufacturing processes, various processes are being developed and analyzed for their performance (mainly speed and accuracy). This paper deals with the design of a new benchmark part to analyze the flatness of parts produced on High Speed Sintering (HSS) which is a novel Additive Manufacturing process and is currently being developed at Loughborough University. The designed benchmark part comprised of various features such as cubes, holes, cylinders, spheres and cones on a flat base and the build material used for these parts was nylon 12 powder. Flatness and curvature of the base of these parts were measured using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and the results are discussed in relation to the operating parameters of the process.The result show changes in the flatness of part with the depth of part in the bed which is attributed to the thermal gradient within the build envelope during build.

An experimental investigation of a microturbine simulated rotor supported on multileaf gas foil bearings with backing bump foils

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (9) ◽  
pp. 1169-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Shemiao Qi ◽  
Sheng Feng ◽  
Haipeng Geng ◽  
Yanhua Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Rotating Machinery ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Thrust Bearings ◽  
Foil Bearings ◽  
Simulated System ◽  
First Time

Two multileaf gas foil journal bearings with backing bump foils and one set of gas foil thrust bearings were designed, fabricated, and used in a 100 kW class microturbine simulated rotor system to ensure stability of the system. Meanwhile, a preliminary test rig had been built to verify the simulated system stability. The rotor synchronous and subsynchronous responses were well controlled by using of the gas foil bearings. It is on the multileaf gas foil bearings with backing bump foils that the test was conducted and verified for the first time in open literatures. The success in the experiments shows that the design and fabrication of the rotor and the gas foil bearings can provide a useful guide to the development of the advanced high speed rotating machinery.

Simulation study of Landau damping near the persisting to arrested transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Klimas ◽  
Adolfo F. Viñas ◽  
Jaime A. Araneda
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Landau Damping ◽  
Field Mode ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Phase Space Distribution ◽  
Saturation Stage ◽  
First Time

A one-dimensional electrostatic filtered Vlasov–Poisson simulation study is discussed. The transition from persisting to arrested Landau damping that is produced by increasing the strength of a sinusoidal perturbation on a background Vlasov–Poisson equilibrium is explored. Emphasis is placed on observed features of the electron phase-space distribution when the perturbation strength is near the transition value. A single ubiquitous waveform is found perturbing the space-averaged phase-space distribution at almost any time in all of the simulations; the sole exception is the saturation stage that can occur at the end of the arrested damping scenario. This waveform contains relatively strong, very narrow structures in velocity bracketing $\pm v_{\text{res}}$ – the velocities at which electrons must move to traverse the dominant field mode wavelength in one of its oscillation periods – and propagating with $\pm v_{\text{res}}$ respectively. Local streams of electrons are found in these structures crossing the resonant velocities from low speed to high speed during Landau damping and from high speed to low speed during Landau growth. At the arrest time, when the field strength is briefly constant, these streams vanish. It is conjectured that the expected transfer of energy between electrons and field during Landau growth or damping has been visualized for the first time. No evidence is found in the phase-space distribution to support recent well-established discoveries of a second-order phase transition in the electric field evolution. While trapping is known to play a role for larger perturbation strengths, it is shown that trapping plays no role at any time in any of the simulations near the transition perturbation strength.

High Speed Rotating Shafts Design Algorithm

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po Kee Wong
Keyword(s):  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
Vibrational Modes ◽  
Elastic Rod ◽  
Design Algorithm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rotating Shafts ◽  
First Time

Abstract This paper reveals an invention for the first time to the public about the fundamental concepts for the design of high speed rotating shafts based on the wave spectrum analysis of the vibrational modes of elastic circular rods and shells that was completed in 1967, even though the Pochhammer-Chree-Love solution of the transversal (n = 1) vibration of a solid elastic rod was originated by Pochhammer in 1876.

Development and Evaluation of a High-Speed Continuous-Flow Analyzer

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013-1018
Author(s):  
M A Evenson ◽  
M A Olson
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Automatic Computer ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
First Time

Abstract A high-speed, high-performance, continuous-flow analyzer is described that operates at two to three times the usual analysis rate without necessitating corrections of the raw data and with no decrease in accuracy or precision. At faster speeds (180-300 samples/h) inductive sample interaction (%Ii), opposite in direction to carry-over, is for the first time quantitatively measured. A correction equation for %Ii was developed, and when it is applied to raw data, the accuracy of the results are significantly improved. Operating characteristics of the high-speed analyzer are described and the desirability of automatic computer corrections is discussed for the high-speed system.

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