Effect of Particle Size on Magnitude and Location of Maximum Erosion in S-Bend

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quamrul H. Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Erosive Wear ◽  
Impact Angle ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Fluid Properties

Solid particle erosion is a micromechanical process that is influenced by flow geometry, material of the impacting surface, impact angle, particle size and shape, particle velocity, flow condition and fluid properties. Among the various factors, particle size and velocity have been considered to be the most important parameters that cause erosion. Particle size and velocity are influenced by surrounding flow velocities and carrying fluid properties. Higher erosion rates have been observed in gas-solid flow in geometries where the flow direction changes rapidly, such as elbows, tees, valves, etc., due to local turbulence and unsteady flow behaviors. S-bend geometry is widely used in different fluid handling applications such as automotive, oil and gas, arteries and blood vessels. This paper presents the results of a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation of diluted gas-solid and liquid-solid flows through an S-Bend and the dynamic behavior of entrained solid particles in the flow. CFD analyses were performed at five different particle sizes ranging between 50 and 300 microns. Maximum erosive wear was observed at smaller particle sizes and compared to the larger sizes. The location of maximum erosion was at different locations in the first bend as compared to the second bend.

Evaluation of Magnitude and Location of Solid Particle Erosive Wear in an Elbow Geometry Using CFD Analysis

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quamrul H. Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Erosive Wear ◽  
Impact Angle ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Solid Flow ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Flow Velocities

A number of factors that influence the magnitude of erosion include geometry, material of the impacting surface, impact angle, particle size and shape, particle velocity, flow condition and fluid properties. Among the various factors, particle size and velocity has been considered to be most important parameter that causes erosion. Particle size and velocity are influenced by surrounding flow velocities and carrying fluid properties. Higher erosion rates has been observed in gas solid flow in geometry where the flow direction changes rapidly such as elbow, tee, valves, etc due to local turbulence and unsteady flow behaviors. This paper presents the results of a Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of dilute gas-solid flow through a 90 degree elbow due to dynamics behavior of entrained solid particles in the flow. The effect of particle size and the corresponding location of erosion were investigated for 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 μm sand particles for three different flow velocities (15, 30 and 45 m/sec). The magnitude and location of erosion presented in the paper can be used to determine the areas susceptible to maximum erosive wear in the geometry along with corresponding rate of metal loss in these areas.

scholarly journals Effect of Bend Radius on Magnitude and Location of Erosion in S-Bend

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Quamrul H. Mazumder ◽  
Siwen Zhao ◽  
Kawshik Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Bend Radius ◽  
Fluid Handling ◽  
Micron Particle ◽  
Cause Of Failure ◽  
The Impact

Solid particle erosion is a mechanical process that removes material by the impact of solid particles entrained in the flow. Erosion is a leading cause of failure of oil and gas pipelines and fittings in fluid handling industries. Different approaches have been used to control or minimize damage caused by erosion in particulated gas-solid or liquid-solid flows. S-bend geometry is widely used in different fluid handling equipment that may be susceptible to erosion damage. The results of a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of diluted gas-solid and liquid-solid flows in an S-bend are presented in this paper. In addition to particle impact velocity, the bend radius may have significant influence on the magnitude and the location of erosion. CFD analysis was performed at three different air velocities (15.24 m/s–45.72 m/s) and three different water velocities (0.1 m/s–10 m/s) with entrained solid particles. The particle sizes used in the analysis range between 50 and 300 microns. Maximum erosion was observed in water with 10 m/s, 250-micron particle size, and a ratio of 3.5. The location of maximum erosion was observed in water with 10 m/s, 300-micron particle size, and a ratio of 3.5. Comparison of CFD results with available literature data showed reasonable and good agreement.

Investigation of Particle Size Effects on Solid Particle Erosion of Elbows in Series for Liquid-Solid Flows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshwanthraj Rajkumar ◽  
Soroor Karimi ◽  
Siamack A. Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Particle Size Effects ◽  
In Series

Abstract The entrainment of solid particles within the produced fluids can cause solid particle erosion by impacting the piping of production and transportation facilities. Liquid dominated flows are commonly encountered in deep water subsea pipelines while producing oil and gas fluids. It is of great importance to predict the erosion pattern and magnitude for elbows in series in liquid-solid flows as in the oil and gas productions, liquids tends to produce more solid particles compared to gas-solid flows. In the current work, erosion of elbows in series for different particle sizes are investigated by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and compare the erosion pattern results with the results of paint removal experiments using a 76.2 mm diameter acrylic elbows, qualitatively. CFD simulations have been performed to study the particle size effects on erosion using Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSM) and Low-Reynolds number K-ε model. Grid refinement studies have been performed and particles are rebounded at the particle radius to accurately examine the effects of particle sizes on solid particle erosion of these elbows. The CFD results shows that significant erosion is observed at the inner wall of the first elbow for larger particles, and the maximum erosion can be seen towards the end of the second elbow for 300 μm particle size.

Experimental and Computational Investigations to Evaluate the Effects of Fluid Viscosity and Particle Size on Erosion Damage

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa Okita ◽  
Yongli Zhang ◽  
Brenton S. McLaury ◽  
Siamack A. Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Impact Angle ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Erosion Testing ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Particle Speed

Zhang et al. (2006) utilized computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to examine the validity of erosion models that have been implemented into CFD codes to predict solid-particle erosion in air and water for inconel 625. This work is an extension of Zhang’s work and is presented as a step toward obtaining a better understanding of the effects of fluid viscosity and sand-particle size on measured and calculated erosion ratios, where erosion ratio is defined as the ratio of mass loss of material to mass of solid particles. The erosion ratios of aluminum 6061-T6 were measured for direct impingement conditions of a submerged jet. Fluid viscosities of 1, 10, 25, and 50 cP and sand-particle sizes of 20, 150, and 300 μm were tested. The average fluid speed of the jet was maintained at 10 m/s. Erosion data show that erosion ratios for the 20- and 150-μm particles are reduced as the viscosity is increased, whereas, surprisingly, the erosion ratios for the 300-μm particles do not seem to change much for the higher viscosities. For all viscosities considered, larger particles produced higher erosion ratios, for the same mass of sand, than smaller particles. Concurrently, an erosion equation has been generated based on erosion testing of the same material in air. The new erosion model has been compared to available models and has been implemented into a commercially available CFD code to predict erosion ratios for a variety of flow conditions, flow geometries, and particle sizes. Because particle speed and impact angle greatly influence erosion ratios of the material, calculated particle speeds were compared with measurements. Comparisons reveal that, as the particles penetrate the near wall shear layer, particles in the higher viscosity liquids tend to slow down more rapidly than particles in the lower viscosity liquids. In addition, CFD predictions and particle-speed measurements are used to explain why the erosion data for larger particles is less sensitive to the increased viscosities.

Experimental and CFD Investigations to Evaluate the Effects of Fluid Viscosity and Particle Size on Erosion Damage in Oil and Gas Production Equipment

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa Okita ◽  
Yongli Zhang ◽  
Brenton S. McLaury ◽  
Siamack A. Shirazi ◽  
Edmund F. Rybicki
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Particle Speed

Zhang et al (2006) utilized CFD to examine the validity of erosion models that have been implemented into CFD codes to predict solid particle erosion in air and water for Inconel 625. This work is an extension of Zhang’s work and is presented as a step toward obtaining a better understanding of the effects of fluid viscosity and sand particle size on measured and calculated erosion rates. The erosion rates of Aluminum 6061-T6 were measured for direct impingement conditions of a submerged jet. Fluid viscosities of 1, 10, 25, and 50 cP and sand particle sizes of 20, 150, and 300 μm were tested. The average fluid speed of the jet was maintained at 10 m/s. Erosion data show that erosion rates for the 20 and 150 μm particles are reduced as the viscosity is increased, while surprisingly the erosion rates for the 300 μm particles do not seem to change much for the higher viscosities. For all viscosities considered, larger particles produced higher erosion rates, for the same mass of sand, than smaller particles. Concurrently, an erosion equation has been generated based on erosion testing of the same material in air. The new erosion model has been compared to available models and has been implemented into a commercially available CFD code to predict erosion rates for a variety of flow conditions, flow geometries, and particle sizes. Since particle speed and impact angle greatly influence erosion rates of the material, calculated particle speeds were compared with measurements. Comparisons reveal that, as the particles penetrate the near wall shear layer, particles in the higher viscosity liquids tend to slow down more rapidly than particles in the lower viscosity liquids. In addition, CFD predictions and particle speed measurements are used to explain why the erosion data for larger particles is less sensitive to the increased viscosities.

scholarly journals Detection of Gas-Solid Two-Phase Flow Based on CFD and Capacitance Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanting Zhou ◽  
Yue Jiang ◽  
Shi Liu ◽  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Teng Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Discrete Phase Model ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Annular Channels

Multiphase flow in annular channels is complex, particularly in the region where the flow direction abruptly changes between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, as the cases in horizontal drilling and pneumatic conveying. Simplified models and experience are still the main sources of information. First, to understand the process more deeply, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package Fluent is used to simulate the gas-solid flow in the horizontal and the inclined section of an annular pipe. Discrete Phase Model (DPM) is adopted to calculate the trajectories of solid particles of different sizes at different air velocities. Also, the Two-Fluid model is used to simulate the sand flow in the inclined section for the case of air flow stoppage, for which an experiment is also conducted to verify the CFD simulation. Simulation results reveal the behaviour of the solid particles showing the dispersed spatial distribution of small particles near the entrance. On the other hand, larger particles manifest a distinct sedimented flow pattern along the bottom of the pipe. The density distribution of the particles over a pipe cross section is demonstrated at a variety of air velocities. The results also show that the large airspeed tends to generate swirls near the outlet of the inner pipe. In addition, Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) technology is used to reconstruct the spatial distribution of particles, and the cross-correlation algorithm to detect velocity. Both the distribution and the velocity measurement by electric sensors agree reasonably well with the CFD predictions. The details revealed by CFD simulation and the mutual-verification between CFD simulation and the ECT method of this study could be valuable for the industry in drilling process control and equipment development.

Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Particle Size in a Submerged Slurry Jet on Erosion Rates and Patterns

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soroor Karimi ◽  
Amir Mansouri ◽  
Siamack A. Shirazi ◽  
Brenton S. McLaury
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Erosive Wear ◽  
Impact Angle ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Slurry Erosion ◽  
Material Particle ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Sand Particles

Sand particles entrained in fluids can cause erosive wear and damage to piping materials by impacting their surfaces which could result in failure of the piping system. Several parameters have been determined to affect the erosion behavior and mechanism of solid particle erosion. Some of these parameters include surface material, particle impact speed and angle, and particle size, shape and hardness. However, the effect of particle size on the total erosion rate and local erosion pattern has not been thoroughly investigated. It has been observed that sand particles with various sizes cause different slurry erosion patterns. Changing the particle size alters the Stokes number and consequently produces different erosion patterns and magnitudes. Thus, the effects of particle size on total erosion rate and erosion pattern in a submerged slurry jet are investigated for different impingement angles. Experiments are performed on 316 stainless steel specimens for average particles sizes of 25, 75, 150, and 300 μm. The jet angle is varied to 45, 75 and 90 degrees, and the slurry jet velocity is set to 14 m/s. The erosion pattern of the specimen is examined by obtaining the 3D microscopic profile of the eroded specimen by means of an optical profiler. It is found that the erosion profile changes as the jet angle varies. It is also observed that erosion profile is significantly different for smaller particles as compared to the larger particles. Moreover, these differences become more pronounced as the jet angle decreases. The present work discusses the differences of erosion patterns produced by both large and small particles. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is also used to study the effect of particle size on particle trajectories, impact speed, and impact angle. Also, CFD results help in explaining the differences observed in the erosion profiles caused by different particle sizes.

scholarly journals Studies on structural, mechanical and erosive wear properties of ZA-27 alloy-based micro-nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072199487
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Vencl ◽  
Mara Kandeva ◽  
Elena Zadorozhnaya ◽  
Petr Svoboda ◽  
Michal Michalec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Erosive Wear ◽  
Impact Angle ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Zinc Alloy ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Metal Matrix Nanocomposites ◽  
New Class ◽  
Alloy Base

Metal matrix nanocomposites represent a relatively new class of material, which is still being extensively investigated. Most of the studies, however, are devoted to aluminium- or magnesium-based nanocomposites. A limited number of studies focus on zinc alloy base nanocomposites, with fewer still concentrating on zinc alloy base micro-nanocomposites. In addition, most of the tribological studies investigate adhesive or abrasive wear resistance, whereas studies of erosive wear resistance lag well behind. It was previously shown that the presence of nanoparticles in ZA-27 alloy-based nanocomposites led to a slight increase in erosive wear resistance. Upon discovering that, the aim became to produce micro-nanocomposites that would retain the positive effect of nanoparticles, while further elevating performance, by combining microparticles with nanoparticles. The ZA-27 alloy-based micro-nanocomposites were reinforced with 3 wt. % Al2O3 microparticles (particle size approx. 36 μm) and with four different amounts (0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1 wt. %) of Al2O3 nanoparticles (particle size 20–30 nm). Tested materials were produced by the compocasting process, with mechanical alloying pre-processing. Solid particle erosive wear testing, with particle impact angle of 90°, showed that all micro-nanocomposites had significantly increased wear resistance in comparison to the reference material.

Fluidization Characteristic of Sewage Sludge Particles

2015 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
pp. 294-299
Author(s):  
I. Nyoman Suprapta Winaya ◽  
Rukmi Sari Hartati ◽  
I. Nyoman Gde Sujana
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Multiphase Model ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Eulerian Model ◽  
Visual Phenomena ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Sludge Particle

The main objective of this study is to determine the basic characteristics of fluidization using sewage sludge particle as non-visual phenomena which can then be modeled physically and numerically with the program of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). CFD modeling using Eulerian model incorporating the kinetic theory for solid particles was applied to the gas-solid flow at various superficial velocities for different particle sizes. The transfer momentum was calculated using Syamlal-O'Brien drag function and Eulerian multiphase model was used for analysis. Two-Dimensional computational domains discretized using rectangular cells (Quad), made within the 20 iteration steps of 0,001s. The gas velocity is found to be the ​​the most important factors that influence the formation process of fluidization; by increasing the rate of fluidization the bed expanse occurs higher as well the time of onset fluidization is shorter. The phenomenon can be explained well by modeling and simulation.

scholarly journals CFD simulation of solids suspension in stirred tanks: Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoyi Ochieng ◽  
Mrice Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stirred Tanks ◽  
Solids Concentration

Many chemical reactions are carried out using stirred tanks, and the efficiency of such systems depends on the quality of mixing, which has been a subject of research for many years. For solid-liquid mixing, traditionally the research efforts were geared towards determining mixing features such as off-bottom solid suspension using experimental techniques. In a few studies that focused on the determination of solids concentration distribution, some methods that have been used have not been accurate enough to account for some small scale flow mal-distribution such as the existence of dead zones. The present review shows that computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques can be used to simulate mixing features such as solids off-bottom suspension, solids concentration and particle size distribution and cloud height. Information on the effects of particle size and particle size distribution on the solids concentration distribution is still scarce. Advancement of the CFD modeling is towards coupling the physical and kinetic data to capture mixing and reaction at meso- and micro-scales. Solids residence time distribution is important for the design; however, the current CFD models do not predict this parameter. Some advances have been made in recent years to apply CFD simulation to systems that involve fermentation and anaerobic processes. In these systems, complex interaction between the biochemical process and the hydrodynamics is still not well understood. This is one of the areas that still need more attention.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document