Flexible and Economical Operation of Power Plants: 25 Years of Expertise

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Greis ◽  
Edwin Gobrecht ◽  
Steffen Wendt
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Hot Start ◽  
Fast Cooling ◽  
Short Time

Within the last years the idea of running a conventional power plant has changed. Fluctuating power generation by solar power and wind parks creates a need for highly flexible backup power plants. This need quickly arose within the last 5 years and the market is still searching for a solution. Single steam turbine manufacturers can provide features to react more flexibly, quickly and to prolong component life time. Thus, considerable operating experience has already been in existence for many years. New highly efficient steam turbines are already equipped with solutions to serve an ambitious market. But also, for existing units, different modernization packages can be provided along with hardware and software modifications which allow power plants to supply power at a moment’s notice. This paper presents the overall approach and the possible field of application for the well-established features of Siemens steam turbines. Starting a power plant within a short time to fill the gap of fluctuating power generation is an important capability in order to participate in today’s and tomorrow’s energy market. A fully automated start-up procedure to avoid any delays contributes in fulfilling this requirement. Optimized component geometries guarantee the shortest start-up times. Furthermore, a parallel start-up of gas and steam turbines (Hot Start on the Fly) has already been proven for many years. Regarding flexibility, the improvement of start-up time is only one major aspect. Another important task is to provide the opportunity to influence scheduled maintenance outages. Therefore, steam turbines can be equipped with software which allows the customer to plan the power plant’s outages in accordance with single components requirements, e.g. GT outages. The lifecycle counter enables customers to evaluate the optimum between start-up time and life time consumption based on dynamic equivalent operating hours. In addition, fast cooling procedures help to keep outage times to a minimum.

Steam Turbine Hot Standby: Electrical Pre-Heating Solution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kostenko ◽  
D. Veltmann ◽  
S. Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Start Up ◽  
New Apparatus ◽  
General Aspects

Abstract Growing renewable energy generation share causes more irregular and more flexible operational regimes of conventional power plants than in the past. It leads to long periods without dispatch for several days or even weeks. As a consequence, the required pre-heating of the steam turbine leads to an extended power plant start-up time [1]. The current steam turbine Hot Standby Mode (HSM) contributes to a more flexible steam turbine operation and is a part of the Flex-Power Services™ portfolio [2]. HSM prevents the turbine components from cooling via heat supply using an electrical Trace Heating System (THS) after shutdowns [3]. The aim of the HSM is to enable faster start-up time after moderate standstills. HSM functionality can be extended to include the pre-heating option after longer standstills. This paper investigates pre-heating of the steam turbine with an electrical THS. At the beginning, it covers general aspects of flexible fossil power plant operation and point out the advantages of HSM. Afterwards the technology of the trace heating system and its application on steam turbines will be explained. In the next step the transient pre-heating process is analyzed and optimized using FEA, CFD and analytic calculations including validation considerations. Therefor a heat transfer correlation for flexible transient operation of the HSM was developed. A typical large steam turbine with an output of up to 300MW was investigated. Finally the results are summarized and an outlook is given. The results of heat transfer and conduction between and within turbine components are used to enable fast start-ups after long standstills or even outages with the benefit of minimal energy consumption. The solution is available for new apparatus as well as for the modernization of existing installations.

scholarly journals A new method for determining allowable medium temperature during transient operation of thick-walled elements in a supercritical power plant

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Piotr Duda ◽  
Dariusz Rząsa
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New Method ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Transient Operation ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Working Parameters

A new method for determining allowable medium temperature during transient operation of thick-walled elements in a supercritical power plantConstruction elements of supercritical power plants are subjected to high working pressures and high temperatures while operating. Under these conditions high stresses in the construction are created. In order to operate safely, it is important to monitor stresses, especially during start-up and shut-down processes. The maximum stresses in the construction elements should not exceed the allowable stress limit. The goal is to find optimum operating parameters that can assure safe heating and cooling processes [1-5]. The optimum parameters should guarantee that the allowable stresses are not exceeded and the entire process is conducted in the shortest time. In this work new numerical method for determining optimum working parameters is presented. Based on these parameters heating operations were conducted. Stresses were monitored during the entire processes. The results obtained were compared with the German boiler regulations - Technische Regeln für Dampfkessel 301.

scholarly journals Condition Assessment of Solar Modules by Flash Test and Electroluminescence Test

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1361
Author(s):  
István Bodnár ◽  
Dávid Matusz-Kalász ◽  
Rafael Ruben Boros ◽  
Róbert Lipták
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
Operational Errors ◽  
Hungarian State ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Real State

The Hungarian society and the Hungarian state are constantly increasing their solar capacity. More and more solar power plants are being put into operation. The largest of these has a 100 MW peak capacity. Such power plants do not require constant maintenance. However, in the case of low productivity, a conditional assessment is required. The reason for production loss can also be manufacturing, installation, and operational errors. A flying drone was used for finding failures by thermographic scouting. Furthermore, electroluminescent (EL) and flash tests give a comprehensive view of the real state of the modules in a mobile laboratory. We had the opportunity to summarize these test results of more than a thousand modules operating in a solar power plant. The report on the power plant shows that a significant part of the modules became unusable in a short time. After four years, 10% of the 260 Wp modules suffered a performance reduction of more than 10%.

scholarly journals ACTUALITY OF APPLICATION OF BIOGAS INSTALLATIONS IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Булат Зиганшин ◽  
Bulat Ziganshin ◽  
Ильназ Кашапов ◽  
Ilnaz Kashapov ◽  
Ильнур Гайфуллин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
National Program ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Made In

The first scientific developments in the field of biogas technologies were made in Russia more than 70 years ago. Since the 50th years one of the main directions was the anaerobic processing of activated sludge and sediments of urban wastewater. This method attracted attention in connection with the idea of obtaining biogas mainly from the manure of farm animals. Thanks to this in the middle of 50th years a number of pilot plants for biogas production were built in Zaporozhia, Belorussian, Georgian, Moldavian branches of All-Russian Institute of Agriculture Electrification, and also in Ekaterinburg. However, the operating experience of these installations was insignificant - one - two seasons. The problem of obtaining and using biogas is given great attention abroad. In a short time, in many countries around the world a whole industry for the production of biogas has emerged. The leader in the development of biogas industry is China. Since the middle of 1970, the National Program for the production of biogas from livestock wastes has been operating in this country. Currently, there are 10 million farm bioreactors. In addition, 40 000 biogas stations, 24 000 biogas treatment plants operate in China, which provides operation of 190 power plants.

scholarly journals Using adsorption chillers for utilising waste heat from power plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (Suppl. 4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Sztekler ◽  
Wojciech Kalawa ◽  
Sebastian Stefanski ◽  
Jaroslaw Krzywanski ◽  
Karolina Grabowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Adsorption Chiller

At present, energy efficiency is a very important issue and it is power generation facilities, among others, that have to confront this challenge. The simultaneous production of electricity, heat and cooling, the so-called trigeneration, allows for substantial savings in the chemical energy of fuels. More efficient use of the primary energy contained in fuels translates into tangible earnings for power plants while reductions in the amounts of fuel burned, and of non-renewable resources in particular, certainly have a favorable impact on the natural environment. The main aim of the paper was to investigate the contribution of the use of adsorption chillers to improve the energy efficiency of a conventional power plant through the utilization of combined heat and power waste heat, involving the use of adsorption chillers. An adsorption chiller is an item of industrial equipment that is driven by low grade heat and intended to produce chilled water and desalinated water. Nowadays, adsorption chillers exhibit a low coefficient of performance. This type of plant is designed to increase the efficiency of the primary energy use. This objective as well as the conservation of non-renewable energy resources is becoming an increasingly important aspect of the operation of power generation facilities. As part of their project, the authors have modelled the cycle of a conventional heat power plant integrated with an adsorption chiller-based plant. Multi-variant simulation calculations were performed using IPSEpro simulation software.

scholarly journals Effect of Grid Instability on Power Generation System's Reliability

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Joseph Benedict Bassey ◽  
Isaac F. Odesola
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Mean Time

Aims: Reliability assessment of power generation system may be performed with the concept of system adequacy, security or both. Grid being a major component in the power distribution chain is seen to have some influence on the state of the generation system reliability because of the perturbation that may arise from it. In this study, the generation system reliability is evaluated using both the system adequacy and security concept. Study Design: To capture the system security problems attributed to grid disturbance, the generation system is structured into two component systems (1 - generation component and 2 - transmission component) with a series arrangement. Methodology: The reliability indices such as, mean time to failure, mean time to repair, failure rate and repair rate are assessed on component bases and with respect to the entire generation system. Results: The effect of failure rate of the transmission component on the entire generation system failure rate was evaluated as 66.25%, 55.55%, 33.33%, 55.00% and 35.72% in year 2013, 2014, 2017 2018 and 2019 respectively for FIPL Power Plant and 52.94%, 82.35%, 61.38% and 100% effect was evaluated in the year 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively for GT5 of Omoku Power Plant. Conclusion: These results showed that there is a significant influence of grid disturbances on the reliability state of the two gas turbine power plants in Nigeria. Measures on possible reliability state improvement of the power generation systems were suggested to include training and retraining of technical personnel on the management of major equipment in the generation and transmission stations. 

Two Phase Flow CFD Modeling to Enhance Steam Turbines LP Stages Performance Predictability: Comparison With Data and Correlations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Maceli ◽  
Lorenzo Arcangeli ◽  
Andrea Arnone
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Two Phase

Abstract The whole energy market, from production plants to end-users, is marked by a strong impulse towards a sustainable use of raw materials and resources, and a reduction of its carbon foot-print. Increasing the split of energy produced with renewables, improving the efficiency of the power plants and reducing the waste of energy appear to be mandatory steps to reach the goal of sustainability. The steam turbines are present in the power generation market with different roles: they are used in fossil, combined cycles, geothermal and concentrated solar plants, but also in waste-to-energy and heat recovery applications. Therefore, they still play a primary role in the energy production market. There are many chances for efficiency improvement in steam turbines, and from a rational point of view, it is important to consider that the LP section contributes to the overall power delivered by the turbine typically by around 40% in industrial power generation. Therefore, the industry is more than ever interested in developing methodologies capable of providing a reliable estimate of the LP stages efficiency, while reducing development costs and time. This paper presents the results obtained using a CFD commercial code with a set of user defined subroutines to model the effects of non-equilibrium steam evolution, droplets nucleation and growth. The numerical results have been compared to well-known test cases available in literature, to show the effects of different modeling hypotheses. The paper then focuses on a test case relevant to a cascade configuration, to show the code capability in terms of bladerow efficiency prediction. Finally, a comprehensive view of the obtained results is done through comparison with existing correlations.

Improvement of the Exergoeconomic “Fuel-Impact” Analysis for Acceptance Tests in Power Plants

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Zaleta-Aguilar ◽  
Armando Gallegos-Muñoz ◽  
Antonio Valero ◽  
Javier Royo
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
The Real ◽  
Classical Procedure ◽  
Acceptance Tests

Abstract This work builds on the previous work on “Exergoeconomics Fuel-Impact” developed by Torres (1991), Valero et. al. (1994), and compares it with respect to the Performance Test Code (PTC’s) actually applied in power plants (ASME/ANSI PTC-6, 1970). With the objective of proposing procedures for PTC’s in power plant’s based on an exergoeconomics point of view. It was necessary to validate the Fuel-Impact Theories, and improve the conceptual expression, in order to make it more applicable to the real conditions in the plant. By mean of a program using simulation and field data, it was possible to validate and compare the procedures. This work has analyzed an example of a 110 MW Power Plant, in which all the exergetic costs have been determined for the steam cycle, and a fuel-impact analysis has been developed for the steam turbines at the design and off-design conditions. The result of the fuel-impact analysis is compared with respect to a classical procedure related in ASME-PTC-6.

300 MW Combined-Cycle Plant With Integrated Coal Gasification

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf H. Kehlhofer
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
The Individual

In the past 15 years the combined-cycle (gas/steam turbine) power plant has come into its own in the power generation market. Today, approximately 30 000 MW of power are already installed or being built as combined-cycle units. Combined-cycle plants are therefore a proven technology, showing not only impressive thermal efficiency ratings of up to 50 percent in theory, but also proving them in practice and everyday operation (1) (2). Combined-cycle installations can be used for many purposes. They range from power plants for power generation only, to cogeneration plants for district heating or combined cycles with maximum additional firing (3). The main obstacle to further expansion of the combined cycle principle is its lack of fuel flexibility. To this day, gas turbines are still limited to gaseous or liquid fuels. This paper shows a viable way to add a cheap solid fuel, coal, to the list. The plant system in question is a 2 × 150 MW combined-cycle plant of BBC Brown Boveri with integrated coal gasification plant of British Gas/Lurgi. The main point of interest is that all the individual components of the power plant described in this paper have proven their worth commercially. It is therefore not a pilot plant but a viable commercial proposition.

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