Design Options for HLW Repository Operation Technology: Part II—Bentonite Block Forming and Vertical Emplacement

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Takao ◽  
Tatsuhiro Takegahara ◽  
Hitoshi Nakashima ◽  
Hidekazu Asano
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Demonstration Program ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Vacuum Suction ◽  
Design Options ◽  
Joint Research Program ◽  
Hlw Repository

RWMC and JGC have been running an all-round R&D program for the period of 2000–2010 to develop the concept of Vertical Emplacement for disposal of vitrified waste. The conceptual design of its basic equipment was worked out in 2000, followed by forming the large-scale bentonite block in 2001–2004. Study has also been conducted on a mechanism to convey and position the large-scale block using a vacuum suction device. Subsequent to these developments, various technologies necessary for designing the Vertical Emplacement equipment have been reviewed, which would enhance engineering feasibility and reliability. Full-scale demonstration program under a joint research program with JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) started in 2008 with the twin objectives i) supporting of public relations and ii) technical verification. The large-scale bentonite block and part of the full-scale Vertical Emplacement equipment are now on view at the Full-scale demonstration facility in Horonobe, Hokkaido, Japan.

Design Options for HLW Repository Operation Technology: Part III—Transportation and Horizontal Emplacement of Pre-Fabricated EBS Module (PEM)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Kawakami ◽  
Hitoshi Nakashima ◽  
Hidekazu Asano
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Air Bearing ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Large Size ◽  
System Module ◽  
Engineered Barrier ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Design Options ◽  
Hlw Repository

As one of the repository operation technologies for high-level radioactive waste (HLW), the pre-fabricated engineered barrier system module (PEM) was carried out the examination of handling and emplacement technique for engineered barrier system (EBS). The PEM technology was examined to confirm technological applicability. The PEM is concept of the integration of EBS as the module in the surface facilities, and transporting the module underground facilities. This concept is the one of the candidate concepts of horizontal emplacement techniques for EBS in Japan. Therefore, PEM is the same level large size and heavy weight as EBS, and it is necessary to examine the applicability of handling and emplacement techniques. Full-scale level tests were performed to confirm the applicability of these techniques with the air bearing/air jack devices. In the tests, we prepared the testing devices of full-scale level size/weight and confirmed the applicability of these technologies as an elemental technology on the condition of considering the environment of an underground tunnel. The air bearing test that produced the surface-roughness of the tunnel environment was carried out the evaluation concerning the transportation performance of the air bearing. And, the air jack test was carried out the holding and emplacement of PEM. The repository operation technology with the air bearing/jack device was confirmed to execute the examination, and to apply to handling and emplacement technique for PEM.

scholarly journals A Novel Method Facilitating the Simple and Low-Cost Preparation of Human Osteochondral Slice Explants for Large-Scale Native Tissue Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6394
Author(s):  
Jacob Spinnen ◽  
Lennard K. Shopperly ◽  
Carsten Rendenbach ◽  
Anja A. Kühl ◽  
Ufuk Sentürk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Novel Method

For in vitro modeling of human joints, osteochondral explants represent an acceptable compromise between conventional cell culture and animal models. However, the scarcity of native human joint tissue poses a challenge for experiments requiring high numbers of samples and makes the method rather unsuitable for toxicity analyses and dosing studies. To scale their application, we developed a novel method that allows the preparation of up to 100 explant cultures from a single human sample with a simple setup. Explants were cultured for 21 days, stimulated with TNF-α or TGF-β3, and analyzed for cell viability, gene expression and histological changes. Tissue cell viability remained stable at >90% for three weeks. Proteoglycan levels and gene expression of COL2A1, ACAN and COMP were maintained for 14 days before decreasing. TNF-α and TGF-β3 caused dose-dependent changes in cartilage marker gene expression as early as 7 days. Histologically, cultures under TNF-α stimulation showed a 32% reduction in proteoglycans, detachment of collagen fibers and cell swelling after 7 days. In conclusion, thin osteochondral slice cultures behaved analogously to conventional punch explants despite cell stress exerted during fabrication. In pharmacological testing, both the shorter diffusion distance and the lack of need for serum in the culture suggest a positive effect on sensitivity. The ease of fabrication and the scalability of the sample number make this manufacturing method a promising platform for large-scale preclinical testing in joint research.

Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Geochemical Models of Engineered Barrier Systems: The Febex Project

2000 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Samper ◽  
R. Juncosa ◽  
V. Navarro ◽  
J. Delgado ◽  
L. Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
In Situ Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Engineered Barrier

ABSTRACTFEBEX (Full-scale Engineered Barrier EXperiment) is a demonstration and research project dealing with the bentonite engineered barrier designed for sealing and containment of waste in a high level radioactive waste repository (HLWR). It includes two main experiments: an situ full-scale test performed at Grimsel (GTS) and a mock-up test operating since February 1997 at CIEMAT facilities in Madrid (Spain) [1,2,3]. One of the objectives of FEBEX is the development and testing of conceptual and numerical models for the thermal, hydrodynamic, and geochemical (THG) processes expected to take place in engineered clay barriers. A significant improvement in coupled THG modeling of the clay barrier has been achieved both in terms of a better understanding of THG processes and more sophisticated THG computer codes. The ability of these models to reproduce the observed THG patterns in a wide range of THG conditions enhances the confidence in their prediction capabilities. Numerical THG models of heating and hydration experiments performed on small-scale lab cells provide excellent results for temperatures, water inflow and final water content in the cells [3]. Calculated concentrations at the end of the experiments reproduce most of the patterns of measured data. In general, the fit of concentrations of dissolved species is better than that of exchanged cations. These models were later used to simulate the evolution of the large-scale experiments (in situ and mock-up). Some thermo-hydrodynamic hypotheses and bentonite parameters were slightly revised during TH calibration of the mock-up test. The results of the reference model reproduce simultaneously the observed water inflows and bentonite temperatures and relative humidities. Although the model is highly sensitive to one-at-a-time variations in model parameters, the possibility of parameter combinations leading to similar fits cannot be precluded. The TH model of the “in situ” test is based on the same bentonite TH parameters and assumptions as for the “mock-up” test. Granite parameters were slightly modified during the calibration process in order to reproduce the observed thermal and hydrodynamic evolution. The reference model captures properly relative humidities and temperatures in the bentonite [3]. It also reproduces the observed spatial distribution of water pressures and temperatures in the granite. Once calibrated the TH aspects of the model, predictions of the THG evolution of both tests were performed. Data from the dismantling of the in situ test, which is planned for the summer of 2001, will provide a unique opportunity to test and validate current THG models of the EBS.

So what's new? A survey of the education policies of orchestras and opera companies

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Winterson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Art Galleries ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Creative Music ◽  
Direct Support

Originally, the creative music workshop involving professional players was intended to give direct support to school teachers and to enhance music in the classroom, but today's large-scale, high-profile projects mounted by orchestras and opera companies appear to be developing into a full-scale industry on their own. Their role in partnership with schools and colleges now requires clarification: a survey of education policies has revealed some confusion of aims with few bodies looking closely at objectives, outcomes and effects. Music companies could profit from the experience of museums and art galleries.

Space Use and the Physical Attributes of Acute Care Units: A Quantitative Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 193758672110438
Author(s):  
David Kelly ◽  
Michael J. Pingel
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Floor Plans ◽  
Design Options ◽  
Station Location

This article shares the results of a quantitative analysis of the space use and physical attributes of 140 acute care units (ACU) completed since 2007. Objective: To fill a gap in the literature with respect to the state of practice for ACU design over the study period by investigating relationships among the physical characteristics and density of completed ACUs. Background: Robust industry interest about the topic—further agitated by the dearth of large-scale quantitative research regarding ACU space use—motivated completion of the study. Method: Through extraordinary collaboration by participating firms, floor plans of 140 new ACUs from the study period were gathered, systematically measured, and then analyzed. Results: Structural bay size, nurse station location, and the number of beds per unit were found to have significant relationships to ACU floor-gross area per bed. Additionally, nine significant associations among the explanatory variables were found, including moderate relationships among bay size, nurse station location, room handedness, and toilet room placement. Conclusion: The results suggest that project design teams tend to bundle key physical attributes together when planning ACUs. Moreover, density increases resulting from bay size reduction diminish as the bay size drops below 31′. Any impacts resulting from the major external events demarking the last decade were not sufficient to appreciably affect ACU density. Lastly, those concerned with increasing density and controlling ACU floor gross area are alerted to explore design options featuring bay sizes of approximately 30′ in conjunction with a centralized nursing model containing more than 32 beds per unit.

Hydrogeological Characterization Based on Long Term Groundwater Pressure Monitoring

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji Daimaru ◽  
Ryuji Takeuchi ◽  
Masaki Takeda ◽  
Masayuki Ishibashi
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽  
Under Construction

The Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU) is now under construction by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency in the Tono area of central Japan. The MIU project is being implemented in three overlapping Phases: Surface-based Investigation (Phase I), Construction (Phase II) and Operation (Phase III). The changes of groundwater pressure due to shaft excavation can be considered analogous to a large-scale pumping test. Therefore, there is the possibility that the site scale groundwater field (several km square) can be approximated by the long-term groundwater pressure monitoring data from Phase II. Based on the monitoring observations, hydrogeological characteristics were estimated using the s-log(t/r2) plot based on the Cooper-Jacob straight line method. Results of the s-log(t/r2) plots are as follows. The groundwater flow field around the MIU construction site is separated into domains by an impermeable fault. In other words, the fault is a hydraulic barrier. Hydraulic conductivity calculated from s-log(t/r2) plots are in the order of 1.0E−7(m/s). The above results from the long term monitoring during Phase II are a verification of the hydrogeological characteristics determined in the Phase I investigations.

Performance of Core Exit Thermocouple for PWR Accident Management Action in Vessel Top Break LOCA Simulation Experiment at OECD/NEA ROSA Project

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Takeshi Takeda ◽  
Hideo Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
The Core ◽  
Accident Management

Presented are experiment results of the Large Scale Test Facility (LSTF) conducted at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) with a focus on core exit thermocouple (CET) performance to detect core overheat during a vessel top break loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) simulation experiment. The CET temperatures are used to start accident management (AM) action to quickly depressurize steam generator (SG) secondary sides in case of core temperature excursion. Test 6-1 is the first test of the OECD/NEA ROSA Project started in 2005, simulating withdraw of a control rod drive mechanism penetration nozzle at the vessel top head. The break size is equivalent to 1.9% cold leg break. The AM action was initiated when CET temperature rose up to 623K. There was no reflux water fallback onto the CETs during the core heat-up period. The core overheat, however, was detected with a time delay of about 230s. In addition, a large temperature discrepancy was observed between the CETs and the hottest core region. This paper clarifies the reasons of time delay and temperature discrepancy between the CETs and heated core during boil-off including three-dimensional steam flows in the core and core exit. The paper discusses applicability of the LSTF CET performance to pressurized water reactor (PWR) conditions and a possibility of alternative indicators for earlier AM action than in Test 6-1 is studied by using symptom-based plant parameters such as a reactor vessel water level detection.

Thermochemical Hydrogen Production IS process

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Iwatsuki ◽  
Shinji Kubo ◽  
Seiji Kasahara ◽  
Nobuyuki Tanaka ◽  
Hiroki Noguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Chemical Reactors ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Decomposition

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is conducting research and development on nuclear hydrogen production using High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor and thermochemical water-splitting Iodine-Sulfur (IS) process aiming to develop large-scale hydrogen production technology for “hydrogen energy system”. In this paper, the present status of R&D on IS process at JAEA is presented which focuses on examining integrity of such components as chemical reactors, separators, etc. Based on previous screening of materials of construction mainly from the viewpoint of corrosion resistance in the harsh process conditions of IS process, it was planned to fabricate the IS components and examine their integrity in the process environments. At present, among the components of IS process plant consisting of three chemical reaction sections, i.e., the Bunsen reaction section, the sulfuric acid decomposition section and the hydrogen iodide decomposition section, key components in the Bunsen reaction section was fabricated.

Pseudo Architecture: Holographic Monument

Leonardo ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Andrew Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Full Scale

The author discusses an architectural installation incorporating the holographic shadows of water installed in a miniature townscape as part of a collaborative, developmental, group exhibition. The installation concept is outlined and its impact on the ability to stimulate architectural interventions, which would not normally be possible within a full-scale environment, is considered. The influence of a major large-scale holographic installation is outlined and the requirement to suspend belief, within the current exhibition, is discussed.

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