Advances in 3-D Vascular Ultrasound Imaging

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Fenster
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Vascular Ultrasound ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plaque Disruption ◽  
Plaque Ulceration ◽  
Triggering Mechanisms ◽  
Made In

Abstract In spite of the progress in the understanding of atherosclerotic disease made in the past two decades, neither the triggering mechanisms for carotid plaque haemorrhage and disruption, or the importance of plaque ulceration are well understood. Controversies exist because the mechanisms are complex and agreement on definitions (e.g., ulceration) is lacking. Advances in imaging techniques are helping to diagnose and quantify plaque morphology, composition, extent and ulceration (Steifler et al. 1994). In this paper we report on our work focusing on the development of improved non-invasive imaging tools, which will improve the accuracy and reduce the variability of the carotid exam and allow better serial monitoring. These will help elucidate the mechanisms contributing to the last phase of atherosclerosis — plaque disruption and haemorrhage.

scholarly journals Multimodality imaging in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Laura Tapoi ◽  
Alexandra Clement ◽  
Rodica Radu ◽  
Radu Sascau
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Care Community ◽  
The Past ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Made In

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, as it has been recently redefi ned, is characterized by progressive myocyte loss with fibrosis and fat infiltration of the myocardium, which finally leads to a broad clinical spectrum ranging from heart failure symptoms to sudden cardiac death. The diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is challenging particularly because of its heterogeneity in presentation, which varies from focal right ventricular involvement to biventricular or prominent left ventricular phenotype. In the past decades, the development of new electrocardiographic and imaging diagnostic criteria for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy constituted an important area of research and resulted in the elaboration of the Padua criteria. However, even with the widespread availability of modern imaging techniques, there is still a lack of awareness in the health care community and this pathology persist in being under-or misdiagnosed. Given the limited indication of endomyocardial biopsy for the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, one can conclude that the progress that has been made in the last few years in the multimodality imaging field is of utmost importance for the early detection and proper treatment of patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, providing valuable prognostic information.

scholarly journals Modelling reaction kinetics inside cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Grima ◽  
Santiago Schnell
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fundamental Length

In the past decade, advances in molecular biology such as the development of non-invasive single molecule imaging techniques have given us a window into the intricate biochemical activities that occur inside cells. In this chapter we review four distinct theoretical and simulation frameworks: (i) non-spatial and deterministic, (ii) spatial and deterministic, (iii) non-spatial and stochastic and (iv) spatial and stochastic. Each framework can be suited to modelling and interpreting intracellular reaction kinetics. By estimating the fundamental length scales, one can roughly determine which models are best suited for the particular reaction pathway under study. We discuss differences in prediction between the four modelling methodologies. In particular we show that taking into account noise and space does not simply add quantitative predictive accuracy but may also lead to qualitatively different physiological predictions, unaccounted for by classical deterministic models.

scholarly journals Multimodality cardiac imaging in the 21st century: evolution, advances and future opportunities for innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1117) ◽  
pp. 20200780
Author(s):  
Melissa A Daubert ◽  
Tina Tailor ◽  
Olga James ◽  
Leslee J Shaw ◽  
Pamela S Douglas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Cardiac Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Ct ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Clinical Workflow ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Developments

Cardiovascular imaging has significantly evolved since the turn of the century. Progress in the last two decades has been marked by advances in every modality used to image the heart, including echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiac CT and nuclear cardiology. There has also been a dramatic increase in hybrid and fusion modalities that leverage the unique capabilities of two imaging techniques simultaneously, as well as the incorporation of artificial intelligence and machine learning into the clinical workflow. These advances in non-invasive cardiac imaging have guided patient management and improved clinical outcomes. The technological developments of the past 20 years have also given rise to new imaging subspecialities and increased the demand for dedicated cardiac imagers who are cross-trained in multiple modalities. This state-of-the-art review summarizes the evolution of multimodality cardiac imaging in the 21st century and highlights opportunities for future innovation.

The history of paediatric cardiology on stamps

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hazım A. Gursu ◽  
Ibrahim I. Cetin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Paediatric Cardiology ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Past Half ◽  
Made In

AbstractPaediatric cardiology is arguably the sub-specialty in which the greatest advances have been made in both disease diagnosis and treatment over the past half a century. Paediatric cardiology emerged as a discipline in the 1930s. Since then, advances in imaging techniques such as echocardiography, angiography, CT, or magnetic resonance and extracorporeal circulation have provided excellent diagnosis and treatment of CHD. The pioneers of paediatric cardiology are more than eponyms, for each used in new and original ways the tools and concepts available in his or her era. This brief overview of the history of paediatric cardiology on stamps begins from William Harvey up to our own time, and includes the milestones in paediatric cardiology.

scholarly journals Bacterial Vivisection: How Fluorescence-Based Imaging Techniques Shed a Light on the Inner Workings of Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Cambré ◽  
Abram Aertsen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Made In

SUMMARY The rise in fluorescence-based imaging techniques over the past 3 decades has improved the ability of researchers to scrutinize live cell biology at increased spatial and temporal resolution. In microbiology, these real-time vivisections structurally changed the view on the bacterial cell away from the “watery bag of enzymes” paradigm toward the perspective that these organisms are as complex as their eukaryotic counterparts. Capitalizing on the enormous potential of (time-lapse) fluorescence microscopy and the ever-extending pallet of corresponding probes, initial breakthroughs were made in unraveling the localization of proteins and monitoring real-time gene expression. However, later it became clear that the potential of this technique extends much further, paving the way for a focus-shift from observing single events within bacterial cells or populations to obtaining a more global picture at the intra- and intercellular level. In this review, we outline the current state of the art in fluorescence-based vivisection of bacteria and provide an overview of important case studies to exemplify how to use or combine different strategies to gain detailed information on the cell’s physiology. The manuscript therefore consists of two separate (but interconnected) parts that can be read and consulted individually. The first part focuses on the fluorescent probe pallet and provides a perspective on modern methodologies for microscopy using these tools. The second section of the review takes the reader on a tour through the bacterial cell from cytoplasm to outer shell, describing strategies and methods to highlight architectural features and overall dynamics within cells.

scholarly journals Electrical Impedance Tomography: the future of mechanical ventilation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Melina Simonpietri ◽  
Mia Shokry ◽  
ehab daoud
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Electrical Impedance Tomography ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Everyday Clinical Practice ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Concise Review

Electrical Impedance Tomography is a rapidly evolving technology used for bedside lung imaging. Although EIT devices have been commercially available for the past decade, they are still not commonly used in everyday clinical practice. EIT has multiple benefits over standard chest imaging techniques; it is non-invasive, it can be used at bedside and it allows continuous monitoring of the patient’s condition. EIT can change the standard practice for monitoring lung function and caring for patients on mechanical ventilation. In this concise review, we will discuss the general concepts of EIT and its clinical applications. As this technology keeps developing and becomes more available for clinical use, it might revolutionize the way we practice mechanical ventilation. Additional studies need to be performed to compare its benefits to our current practice. Keywords: EIT, Mechanical ventilation, PEEP, Overdistention

scholarly journals The Accuracy of Noninvasive Imaging Techniques in Diagnosis of Carotid Plaque Morphology

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detelina Valchkova Lukanova ◽  
Nadelin Krasimirov Nikolov ◽  
Kameliya Zaharieva Genova ◽  
Mario Draganov Stankev ◽  
Elisaveta Valcheva Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Multidetector Computed Tomography ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Noninvasive Imaging ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Resonance Imaging

BACKGROUND: The stroke is leading cause of death and severe disability worldwide. Atherosclerosis is responsible for over 30% of all ischemic strokes. It has been recently discovered that plaque morphology may help predict the clinical behavior of carotid atherosclerosis and determine the risk of stroke. The noninvasive imaging techniques have been developed to evaluate the vascular wall in an attempt to identify “vulnerable plaques”.AIM: The purpose is to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound, multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the identification of plaque components associated with plaque vulnerability.MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred patients were admitted for carotid endarterectomy for high grade carotid stenosis. We defined the diagnostic value of B-mode ultrasound of carotid plaque in a half, and the accuracy of multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, in the other group, for detection of unstable carotid plaque. The reference standard was histology.RESULTS: Sensitivity of ultrasound, multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is 94%, 83% and 100%, and the specificity is 93%, 73% and 89% for detection of unstable carotid plaque.CONCLUSION: The ultrasound has high accuracy for diagnostics of carotid plaque morphology, magnetic resonance imaging has high potential for tissue differentiation and multidetector computed tomography determines precisely degree of stenosis and presence of ulceration and calcifications. The three noninvasive imaging modalities are complementary for optimal evaluation of the morphology of carotid plaque. This will help to determine the risk of stroke and to decide on the best treatment – carotid endarterectomy or carotid stenting.

scholarly journals Photography in dermatology: Basic concepts

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Paola Pasquali ◽  
Feroze Kaliyadan
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medical Photography ◽  
Basic Concepts

Photography of skin lesions has always been among the most popular non-invasive imaging techniques, one that assists in documenting and monitoring as well as teaching and research. Its importance has become more apparent in the past year with the COVID-19 pandemic and the sudden widespread use of teledermatology. Basic concepts of medical photography and using a proper camera are fundamental to obtain good quality images.

scholarly journals Carotid plaque morphology-An indicator for brain infarcts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-314
Author(s):  
Nilanjan Mukherjee ◽  
Kamal Kumar Sen ◽  
Manoranjan Mohapatra ◽  
Monoj Kumar G ◽  
B Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
P Value ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Brain Infarct ◽  
Carotid Duplex ◽  
Plaque Ulceration ◽  
The Brain

Cerebrovascular adverse events are one of the most common causes for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Thromboembolism being the culprit behind a significant number of such events. An attempt has been made to ascertain the association of carotid plaque morphology in the occurrence of ischemic stroke. Heterogeneous plaques (Type 2 & 3) weremostly observed to be ipsilateral to the side of brain infarct, as compared to the contralateral side. Detection of heterogeneous plaques and plaque ulceration in patients may indicate future development of stroke. This study included 75 consecutive patients having anterior circulation infarct in MRI of the brain and atherosclerotic changes in extra cranial carotid system on Carotid Duplex scan. Plaque morphology ipsilateral to the brain infarct was compared to that on the contralateral side. Significantly higher number of heterogeneous plaques (Type 2 & 3) were present ipsilateral to the side of brain infarct, as compared to the contralateral side (p-value 0.004). Plaque ulceration was also observed to be present more frequently on the side of infarct (22.6% on the ipsilateral side and 5.4% on the contralateral side). Moreover, Diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were the most prevalent risk factors (78.2% and 65.2%, respectively) in patients with these types of plaques. Detection of heterogeneous plaques and plaque ulceration in patients may indicate future development of stroke, necessitating prompt and appropriate management protocols.Periodic screening of such patients with Carotid Duplex Ultrasonography is expected to be very helpful.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the Role of Imaging in the Diagnosis of Craniosynostosis: A Narrative Review

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cacciaguerra ◽  
Monica Palermo ◽  
Lidia Marino ◽  
Filippo Andrea Salvatore Rapisarda ◽  
Piero Pavone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Know How ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Technological Limitations

Craniosynostosis, the premature closure of cranial sutures, is one of the principal causes of pediatric skull deformities. It can cause aesthetic, neurological, acoustic, ophthalmological complications up to real emergencies. Craniosynostosis are primarily diagnosed with accurate physical examination, skull measurement and observation of the deformity, but the radiological support currently plays an increasingly important role in confirming a more precise diagnosis and better planning for therapeutic interventions. The clinician must know how to diagnose in the earliest and least invasive way for the child. In the past, technological limitations reduced the choices; today, however, there are plenty of choices and it is necessary to use the various types of available imaging correctly. In the future, imaging techniques will probably rewrite the common classifications we use today. We provide an updated review of the role of imaging in this condition, through the ages, to outline the correct choice for the clinician for an early and non-invasive diagnosis.

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