Standard Infant Crib Testing Enhanced With Live Children Shaking

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis B. Brickman
Keyword(s):  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Machine Screw ◽  
Shake Test ◽  
Test Requirements ◽  
Push And Pull

An infant asphyxiated when a machine screw detached from a crib, the headboard separated from the crib rod, and the infant’s head stuck in the opening. The evaluation of infant cribs by inanimate standard test protocols is enhanced by live child crib shake testing. This live testing provides data for quantifying the horizontal push and pull forces that children actually apply to the sides of a crib. Comparisons are made between the live child shake test results and the inanimate test requirements contained in crib safety standards. Although the inanimate standard test protocols are inconsistent, the machine screw did not fail from normal use because the inanimate test requirements far exceed the maximum live results.

The Effect of Addition of Waste Materials on Nitrile Butadiene Rubber to the Mechanical Properties of Roller Rubber

2020 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Putu Hadi Setyarini ◽  
Purnomo ◽  
Dwi Hadi Sulistyarini ◽  
Aski Asfia
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Rubber Roller ◽  
Recycled Rubber

This research aims to determine the effect of adding filler material in the form of waste material on Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) in making roller rubber to improve quality in terms of hardness and tensile strength. Each rubber roller compound is made from a mixture of NBR with rice husk, recycled rubber and wood charcoal. The process of making NBR and NBR with the addition of alloys is done with two roll open mixers at a certain temperature and time accompanied by the addition of certain additives. Furthermore, the compound is pressed using Hydrosan and then cut according to the standard test to be performed. The process ends by placing the material in an environment with a certain humidity level for 24 hours. Tests carried out include the test of hardness by using Shore A Durometer and Universal testing machines to test the strength of tensile strength. The test results show that the addition of recycled rubber can increase hardness by 30% when compared to NBR without the addition of filler. While the value of tensile strength for NBR and recycled rubber alloys is much higher.

Treating Lead-Contaminated Soil by Stabilization and Solidification

1998 ◽  
Vol 1615 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Long ◽  
Xinguo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
The Public ◽  
Toxic Materials ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Dynamic Diffusion

Soil in and near transportation facilities often is contaminated with lead because lead once was used as a base for gasoline and paint. Dealing with contaminated soil is difficult because the toxic material must be treated to protect the public from direct exposure. Stabilization and solidification is a promising technique for protecting the public from toxic materials in soils by decreasing the possibility of human exposure and decreasing the mobility of the contaminant. The results of a laboratory investigation of the feasibility of stabilization and solidification of contaminated soil using cement in combination with various additives are presented. Mobility of lead and other contaminants was measured by dynamic diffusion and compared with the standard test results of the toxic characteristic leaching procedure. Several additives were tried. Apatite and sodium silicate were found to be the most effective in reducing the mobility of the lead. The compacted dry density of the solidified soil had a great effect on the leaching characteristics. The leaching of lead from deteriorated solidified soil was simulated by crushing a sample containing apatite and conducting a dynamic diffusion test on the crushed sample. The diffusion coefficient was used to compare the effect of additives and other treatments.

A Study on Speed Elevation Possibility at the Connection between High Speed Lines and Conventional Lines with Korean High Speed Train

2006 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Sam Ham ◽  
Jai Sung Hong
Keyword(s):  
Contact Force ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Communication Line ◽  
Mass Transportation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Derailment Coefficient ◽  
Train Speed

Railways are a mass transportation system with high safety and punctuality. These strengths have been well proved by tests and evaluations. Railways are an integrated system with cars, power, signal, communication, line structures and operation. Among many safety standards of these systems, contact force between wheels and lines can be chosen since a derailment coefficient evaluated by contract force is the most important fact that decides the safety of railways. Especially regarding express trains, since they run twice faster than conventional ones, the evaluation of a derailment coefficient is more important than any other criteria. Currently, Korean express trains between Seoul and Pusan use the same stations as conventional trains in Daejeon and Dong-Daegu; therefore, express trains run on conventional lines from express lines. This paper describes test results acquired by increasing the train speed where express lines and conventional lines are connected. Test results tell that it is safe with under 0.8 derailment coefficient and running time is reduced by 10~30 seconds in each section.

scholarly journals The determination of fatigue limits under alternating stress conditions

1914 ◽  
Vol 90 (620) ◽  
pp. 411-425 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infinite Number ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Railway Company ◽  
Standard Of Comparison ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pull Tests ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
The Relationship

In the year 1867 A. Wöhler, locomotive superintendent of a railway company in Berlin, exhibited at the Paris Exhibition the results of some experiments on the endurance of metals, and was thereupon engaged by the Prussian Government to carry out the more exhaustive enquiry into this subject with which his name is always associated. The results of his labours were published in 1871, and were highly appreciated, but few additional experiments were made until the subject was again taken up successively by Sir Benjamin Baker, Reynolds and Smith, Rogers, Stanton and bairstow, Eden, Rose and Cunningham, and Prof. Hopkinson. All these experiments are confined either to fatigue bending or to push and pull tests, using only steel or iron, whereas the present ones include a large number of torsion fatigue tests on various metals. Until comparatively recently there was no satisfactory standard of comparison for fatigue tests, the determination of the asymptote or limiting fatigue stress for an infinite number of revolutions from a few irregular test results leading to very uncertain conclusions, so much so that by some it was considered very doubtful whether there were any real fatigue limits, while others adopted as standards of comparison the fatigue stresses which would cause fractures at the millionth repetition. The first problem which had to be investigated was therefore to ascertain the relationship between the intensities of fatigue stresses and the numbers of repetitions of these stresses which would cause fracture; and, should this relationship be found to indicate the existence of a limiting stress for an infinite number of revolutions, or more briefly of a fatigue limit, then the next step would have to be its exact determination.

scholarly journals Comparison of European Standard Patch Test Results of 330 Patients from an Occupational Diseases Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özge Gündüz ◽  
Aslı Aytekin ◽  
Engin Tutkun ◽  
Hınç Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Patch Test ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Test Results ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Household Activities

Background and Aim.Contact dermatitis (CD) is the most prevalent occupational skin disease with a significant impact on quality of life. Patch testing is used for the identification of responsible allergens which may improve protective and preventive measures in the workplace. Herein, we aim to identify the demographic characteristics and occupation of patients with early diagnosis of occupational CD and compare patch test results.Materials and Methods.The study included 330 patients referred to our clinic between April 2009 and April 2011 and who were patch-tested with 28-allergen European Standard Test.Results.126 (38%) patients were female and 204 (62%) were male with a mean age of 36.12 (±13.13) years. Positive allergic reactions were observed in 182 (55%) patients. Nickel sulphate (41/126) and potassium dichromate (39/204) were significantly the most common allergens in women and men, respectively (P<0.005). Additionally, the most common occupation in women was household activities (83/126) and in men was manufacturing (80/204).Conclusion.The allergens to which people become sensitized differ according to their working environment and occupation. Classification of occupations is important for identification of sensitization risks and monitoring of changes in allergen distribution of different occupations.

scholarly journals Characterization of mechanical properties of composite materials with filler coconut shell powder and sawdust with coconut fiber reinforcement as an alternative to low loaded brake friction materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 017-023
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Alit Triadi ◽  
Sujita Darmo
Keyword(s):  
Wear Test ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Composition Variation ◽  
Brake Lining

The purpose of the study is to determine the best composition variation of the fifth variation of the composition of the composite material against the wear test, hardness test, tensile test comparing values ​​ with the safety standards of the brake lining composite SAEJ 661. Making the specimens was performed by mixing the ingredients with a mixer for 15 minutes and then do the process of compaction, with a load of 4 tons and detained achieve holding time is desired, then dies (mould) are placed in the oven and do the sintering process at a temperature of 1500 C for 180 minutes and specimens removed from the mould, the process of finishing and testing. These test results show that the composition of the material that is on variation V best price obtained 96.575 HBN hardness, wear rates of 1,29x10-6 gr / (mm2.detik), and a tensile strength of 0.842 MPa, but the brake friction material not meet safety standards SAEJ brake 661.

scholarly journals Symptom dynamics assessment of the disease by methods of survival analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
A. A. Korneenkov ◽  
S. V. Ryazantsev ◽  
E. E. Vyazemskaya
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

The article discusses typical tasks of quantitative comparison and analysis of the effectiveness of diagnostic medical technologies. Indicators of clinical informativeness of diagnostic methods, quantitative methods for their calculation and interpretation, their importance for making diagnostic decisions are discussed. Using one of the diagnostic methods as an example, algorithms for comparing the test diagnostic test with the gold standard test according to clinical information indicators are described: sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of test results, accuracy, likelihood ratio of positive and negative test results. The problems of constructing ROC curves by the example of diagnostic indicators of nasal obstruction: airflow and pressure, as well as the calculation and presentation of AUC (in one figure), finding diagnostic threshold points for two tests (changes in flow and resistance), and testing the statistical hypothesis about the equality of AUC of these two tests, creating a nomogram for calculating the post-test probability of illness. It is shown how, using the presented technique, it is possible to efficiently calculate all the standard operational characteristics of diagnostic medical technologies and additional useful indicators. All calculations were performed in the statistical program R. The text of the article presents program codes of the R language with explanations.

scholarly journals Spectral mismatch and its effect on artificial solar light source under standard test conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Gao Sheng ◽  
Lu Xiaodong ◽  
Lun Shuxian
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Solar Light ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Difference

Under standard test conditions, the spectral irradiance of artificial solar light sources and the spectral response of photovoltaic devices are important factors that affect the accuracy of device test results. This paper takes the standard solar spectrum AM1.5 as a reference, and calculates the difference between the four commonly used artificial solar light sources (Arc Lamp, Q-Flash, Q-Flash w and ELH) and the standard solar spectrum AM1.5 from the perspective of spectral mismatch. The spectral mismatch factor and the output parameters of the amorphous silicon cell under the irradiation of these light sources. Calculations show that the spectral mismatch factor of Arc Lamp is only 1.005, which matches the standard solar spectrum AM1.5 best. Due to the effect of spectral mismatch, the output parameters of amorphous silicon cells will change significantly after different artificial light sources irradiate them.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN DENGAN PEMANFAATAN LIDAH BUAYA UNTUK PERAWATAN KULIT KEPALA DAN RAMBUT

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati ◽  
Titin Supiani ◽  
Nilam Amelia Laksmi ◽  
Dwi Atmanto
Keyword(s):  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Skin Ulcers ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Test Requirements

Background: Aloe vera is a medicinal plant that has been used since 1500 BC in many countries as a local medicine that has thick leaves flesh from the Liliaceae family. There are 75 compounds in Aloe vera leaves flesh have been found including 20 minerals (copper, iron, calcium, zinc, manganese, sodium, potassium, etc), 20 amino acids, vitamins (vitamins A, B, C, E, B12, folic acid ), salicylic acid, and water. Aloe vera is widely used for its antibacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, the lack of itching, and help prevent skin ulcers. Purpose: This study intends to investigate the effect of fresh Aloe vera gel mask in the reduction of scalp dandruff. Methods: Sampling was done by purposive sampling method as many as 10 people suffering from dry dandruff divided into 2 groups, namely 5 were given care using fresh Aloe vera gel mask and 5 were given control mask treatment. Each sample received 3 treatments a week for 4 weeks. Observations before and after treatment were carried out by experts using a research instrument sheet assisted by a skin and hair analyzer. Test requirements analysis using the normality test and homogeneity test, and data analysis using the T-test. Results: The test results show data are normally distributed and homogeneous, tcount (3.38) > ttable (1.86). This showed that the influence the used of Aloe vera to reduce dandruff on the scalp. Obtained the average value of the reduction in dandruff with use fresh Aloe vera gel mask (0.800) was greater than using a control (0.699). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there influence of used Aloe vera leaves flesh mask on reduced dandruff on the scalp.   Abstrak Latar belakang masalah: Kesejahteraan keluarga merupakan kondisi keluarga yang memiliki keuletan, ketangguhan, kemampuan sehingga mampu hidup mandiri. Lidah buaya adalah tanaman obat yang telah digunakan sejak 1500 SM di banyak negara sebagai obat lokal yang memiliki daging daun tebal dari keluarga Liliaceae. Ada 75 senyawa dalam daging daun lidah buaya yang telah ditemukan termasuk 20 mineral (tembaga, besi, kalsium, seng, mangan, natrium, kalium, dll), 20 asam amino, vitamin (vitamin A, B, C, E, B12, asam folat), asam salisilat, dan air. Lidah buaya banyak digunakan untuk antibakteri, anti-virus, anti-inflamasi, kurangnya gatal, dan membantu mencegah borok kulit. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menyelidiki efek dari masker gel lidah buaya segar dalam mengurangi ketombe kulit kepala dan cara bagaimana lidah buaya ini dapat menjadi salah satu sarana untuk meningkatkan kesehateraan keluarga. Metode: Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling sebanyak 10 orang penderita ketombe kering yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu 5 orang diberikan perawatan menggunakan masker gel lidah buaya segar dan 5 orang diberi perlakuan masker kontrol. Perlakuan sampel dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali dalam satu minggu selama 4 minggu. Pengamatan sebelum dan sesudah perawatan dilakukan oleh dua orang ahli kulit dan rambut dengan menggunakan lembar instrumen penelitian. Uji persyaratan analisis menggunakan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan uji t. Selanjutnya dilakukan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan literatur untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarga dengan menggunakan lidah buaya ini. Hasil: Hasil tes menunjukkan data berdistribusi normal dan homogen, dengan thitung (3,38) > ttabel (1,86). Hal ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh penggunaan masker gel lidah buaya dalam mengurangi ketombe pada kulit kepala. Diperoleh nilai rata-rata pengurangan ketombe dengan menggunakan masker gel lidah buaya segar (0,800) lebih besar daripada menggunakan kontrol (0,699). Implikasi: Pembudidayaan lidah buaya dan pemanfaatan lidah buaya sebagai masker dapat meningkatkan kesehateraan keluarga. Kata kunci: kesejahteraan keluarga, masker gel lidah buaya segar, mengurangi ketombe  

Progress on Environmentally Compliant Aluminum Ceramic Compressor Coatings

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark F. Mosser
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Environmental Test ◽  
Aluminum Paint ◽  
Steel Substrates

During the last decade there has been an increasing emphasis on compliance to ever stricter environmental laws as well as compliance to regulations that have been designed to protect workers from exposure to toxic or otherwise harmful substances or processes. This world-wide emphasis has forced a continuing review of materials and processes used in the manufacture and protection of compressor materials from corrosion. Turbine compressors have been coated with silicone aluminum paint, diffused nickel cadmium and aluminum pigmented ceramic coatings that contain hexavalent chromium. These three processes utilize various chemicals including toxic substances, carcinogens and volatile organic compounds (VOC). All three of the coating processes need to be either made compliant or eliminated from use. This paper will review efforts that have been made to develop compliant aluminum ceramic compressor coating materials as applied to various steel and stainless steel substrates. In all cases the new materials that have been developed are free of toxic or carcinogenic materials. Test results will be compared to specification requirements for chrome containing compressor coatings in the area of physical properties including surface finish, thickness and adhesion. Additionally, environmental test data will be presented based on standard test methods that compare new compliant coatings with conventional chrome containing materials. Finally, process steps and conditions will be described for these new coatings.

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