Application of Nonlinear Time Series Principles to Assess Power Generation Gas Turbine Health

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany Bassily ◽  
John Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Phase Space ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nonlinear Time Series ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Operating Data

Nonlinear time series concepts may be applied to assess the health condition of dynamic systems for which their operating data is neither Gaussian nor periodic. The principles of phase space geometry suit the dynamic behavior exhibited during transient and non-stationary operating modes. In this paper, two strategies are presented to evaluate the dynamic behavior of power generating natural gas turbines based on the phase space properties. Recurrence analysis allows methods to be developed that are suitable for many dynamic systems. The evaluation of extensive operating data for a simple cycle power generating gas turbine was performed to assess the health condition, and to evaluate the performance of equipment clusters in a power generation plant. The analytical results obtained from this implementation, along with the main conclusions drawn regarding the health condition of the machines, demonstrates the opportunity for system diagnostics.

Blade Faults Diagnosis in Power Generation Gas Turbines

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Hee Lim ◽  
Salman Leong ◽  
Kar Hoou Hui
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Compressor Blades ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

This paper presents a case study in managing the dilemma of whether to resume or stop the operation of a power generation gas turbine with suspected blade faults. Vibration analysis is undertaken on the vibration signal of the gas turbine, to obtain an insight into the health condition of the blades before any decision is made on the operation of the machine. Statistical analysis is applied to study the characteristics of the highly unstable blade pass frequency (BPF) of the gas turbine and to establish the baseline data used for blade fault assessment and diagnosis. Based on the excessive increase observed on specific BPF amplitudes in comparison to the statistical baseline data, rubbing at the compressor blade is suspected. An immediate overhaul is therefore warranted, and the results from the inspection of the machine confirm the occurrence of severe rubbing at the compressor blades and labyrinth glands of the gas turbine. In conclusion, statistical analysis of BPF amplitude is found to be a viable tool for blade fault diagnosis in industrial gas turbines.

scholarly journals Considerations for Gas Turbines and Their Initial Operating Experiences at El Convento

1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. H. Pfersdorff
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Operating Data ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual

When original negotiations are made for the presentation of a report regarding “initial operating data” or “operating results,” it is hoped that all factors will contribute toward useful information to enlighten and assist others in the same operating category. Oftentimes this is not completely accomplished in the alloted time. This paper is presented to set forth the initial operating experiences and results of two highly controlled gas-turbine units for power generation. The individual turbine arrangement, fuel systems, control systems, start-up and operating problems and a comparison of test and design data are stated. The future outlook for gas turbines in the Electricidad de Caracas system is discussed.

Dynamic Performance Simulation of an Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Using the Matlab Simulink Environment

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Tsoutsanis ◽  
Nader Meskin ◽  
Mohieddine Benammar ◽  
Khashayar Khorasani
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Turbine Performance

In fossil fuel applications, such as air transportation and power generation systems, gas turbine is the prime mover which governs the aircraft’s propulsive and the plant’s thermal efficiency, respectively. Therefore, an accurate engine performance simulation has a significant impact on the operation and maintenance of gas turbines as far as reliability and availability considerations are concerned. Current trends in achieving stable engine operation, reliable fault diagnosis and prognosis requirements do motivate the development and implementation of real-time dynamic simulators for gas turbines that are sufficiently complex, highly nonlinear, have high fidelity and include fast response modules. This paper presents a gas turbine performance model for predicting the transient dynamic behavior of an aeroderivative engine that is suitable for both mechanical drive and power generation applications. The engine model has been developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment and combines both the inter-component volume and the constant mass flow methods. Dynamic equations of the mass momentum and the energy balance are incorporated into the steady state thermodynamic equations. This allows one to represent the engine model by a set of first order differential and algebraic equations. The developed Simulink model in an object oriented environment, can be easily adapted to any kind of gas turbine configuration. The model consists of a number of subsystems for representing the gas turbine’s components and the thermodynamic relationships among them. The components are represented by a set of suitable performance maps that are available from the open literature. The engine model has been validated with an established gas turbine performance simulation software. Time responses of the main variables that describe the gas turbine dynamic behavior are also included. The proposed gas turbine model with its dynamic simulation characteristics is a useful tool for development of real-time model-based diagnostics and prognostics technologies.

Predicting Flameholding for Hydrogen and Natural Gas Flames at Gas Turbine Premixer Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Sullivan-Lewis ◽  
Vincent McDonell
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Chamber Temperature ◽  
Transient Events ◽  
Significant Effort

Lean-premixed gas turbines are now common devices for low emissions stationary power generation. By creating a homogeneous mixture of fuel and air upstream of the combustion chamber, temperature variations are reduced within the combustor, which reduces emissions of nitrogen oxides. However, by premixing fuel and air, a potentially flammable mixture is established in a part of the engine not designed to contain a flame. If the flame propagates upstream from the combustor (flashback), significant engine damage can result. While significant effort has been put into developing flashback resistant combustors, these combustors are only capable of preventing flashback during steady operation of the engine. Transient events (e.g., auto-ignition within the premixer and pressure spikes during ignition) can trigger flashback that cannot be prevented with even the best combustor design. In these cases, preventing engine damage requires designing premixers that will not allow a flame to be sustained. Experimental studies were conducted to determine under what conditions premixed flames of hydrogen and natural gas can be anchored in a simulated gas turbine premixer. Tests have been conducted at pressures up to 9 atm, temperatures up to 750 K, and freestream velocities between 20 and 100 m/s. Flames were anchored in the wakes of features typical of premixer passageways, including cylinders, steps, and airfoils. The results of this study have been used to develop an engineering tool that predicts under what conditions a flame will anchor, and can be used for development of flame anchoring resistant gas turbine premixers.

Three Spool High Efficiency Small Scale Gas Turbine Concept

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Malkamäki ◽  
Ahti Jaatinen-Värri ◽  
Antti Uusitalo ◽  
Aki Grönman ◽  
Juha Honkatukia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Reciprocating Engines

Decentralized electricity and heat production is a rising trend in small-scale industry. There is a tendency towards more distributed power generation. The decentralized power generation is also pushed forward by the policymakers. Reciprocating engines and gas turbines have an essential role in the global decentralized energy markets and improvements in their electrical efficiency have a substantial impact from the environmental and economic viewpoints. This paper introduces an intercooled and recuperated three stage, three-shaft gas turbine concept in 850 kW electric output range. The gas turbine is optimized for a realistic combination of the turbomachinery efficiencies, the turbine inlet temperature, the compressor specific speeds, the recuperation rate and the pressure ratio. The new gas turbine design is a natural development of the earlier two-spool gas turbine construction and it competes with the efficiencies achieved both with similar size reciprocating engines and large industrial gas turbines used in heat and power generation all over the world and manufactured in large production series. This paper presents a small-scale gas turbine process, which has a simulated electrical efficiency of 48% as well as thermal efficiency of 51% and can compete with reciprocating engines in terms of electrical efficiency at nominal and partial load conditions.

scholarly journals Biomass Gasification for Gas Turbine Based Power Generation

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Paisley ◽  
Donald Anson
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
The Us ◽  
Power Generation Systems

The Biomass Power Program of the US Department of Energy (DOE) has as a major goal the development of cost-competitive technologies for the production of power from renewable biomass crops. The gasification of biomass provides the potential to meet his goal by efficiently and economically producing a renewable source of a clean gaseous fuel suitable for use in high efficiency gas turbines. This paper discusses the development and first commercial demonstration of the Battelle high-throughput gasification process for power generation systems. Projected process economics are presented along with a description of current experimental operations coupling a gas turbine power generation system to the research scale gasifier and the process scaleup activities in Burlington, Vermont.

Alstom Gas Turbine Technology Overview: Status 2014

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kappis ◽  
Stefan Florjancic ◽  
Uwe Ruedel
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
Base Load ◽  
Very High

Market requirements for the heavy duty gas turbine power generation business have significantly changed over the last few years. With high gas prices in former times, all users have been mainly focusing on efficiency in addition to overall life cycle costs. Today individual countries see different requirements, which is easily explainable picking three typical trends. In the United States, with the exploitation of shale gas, gas prices are at a very low level. Hence, many gas turbines are used as base load engines, i.e. nearly constant loads for extended times. For these engines reliability is of main importance and efficiency somewhat less. In Japan gas prices are extremely high, and therefore the need for efficiency is significantly higher. Due to the challenge to partly replace nuclear plants, these engines as well are mainly intended for base load operation. In Europe, with the mid and long term carbon reduction strategy, heavy duty gas turbines is mainly used to compensate for intermittent renewable power generation. As a consequence, very high cyclic operation including fast and reliable start-up, very high loading gradients, including frequency response, and extended minimum and maximum operating ranges are required. Additionally, there are other features that are frequently requested. Fuel flexibility is a major demand, reaching from fuels of lower purity, i.e. with higher carbon (C2+), content up to possible combustion of gases generated by electrolysis (H2). Lifecycle optimization, as another important request, relies on new technologies for reconditioning, lifetime monitoring, and improved lifetime prediction methods. Out of Alstom’s recent research and development activities the following items are specifically addressed in this paper. Thermodynamic engine modelling and associated tasks are discussed, as well as the improvement and introduction of new operating concepts. Furthermore extended applications of design methodologies are shown. An additional focus is set ono improve emission behaviour understanding and increased fuel flexibility. Finally, some applications of the new technologies in Alstom products are given, indicating the focus on market requirements and customer care.

scholarly journals Development of a Low-NOx LBG Combustor for Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Generation Systems

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
T. Abe ◽  
T. Ninomiya ◽  
T. Nakata ◽  
T. Yoshine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Combustion Tests ◽  
Power Generation Systems

From the view point of future coal utilization technology for the thermal power generation systems, the coal gasification combined cycle system has drawn special interest recently. In the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system, it is necessary to develop a high temperature gas turbine combustor using a low-BTU gas (LBG) which has high thermal efficiency and low emissions. In Japan a development program of the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system has started in 1985 by the national government and Japanese electric companies. In this program, 1300°C class gas turbines will be developed. If the fuel gas cleaning system is a hot type, the coal gaseous fuel to be supplied to gas turbines will contain ammonia. Ammonia will be converted to nitric oxides in the combustion process in gas turbines. Therefore, low fuel-NOx combustion technology will be one of the most important research subjects. This paper describes low fuel-NOx combustion technology for 1300°C class gas turbine combustors using coal gaseous low-BTU fuel as well as combustion characteristics and carbon monoxide emission characteristics. Combustion tests were conducted using a full-scale combustor used for the 150 MW gas turbine at the atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, high pressure combustion tests were conducted using a half-scale combustor used for the 1 50 MW gas turbine.

A Modular Code for Real Time Dynamic Simulation of Gas Turbines in Simulink

2002 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Camporeale ◽  
B. Fortunato ◽  
M. Mastrovito
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Time Step ◽  
The Mathematical Model

A high-fidelity real-time simulation code based on a lumped, nonlinear representation of gas turbine components is presented. The code is a general-purpose simulation software environment useful for setting up and testing control equipments. The mathematical model and the numerical procedure are specially developed in order to efficiently solve the set of algebraic and ordinary differential equations that describe the dynamic behavior of gas turbine engines. For high-fidelity purposes, the mathematical model takes into account the actual composition of the working gases and the variation of the specific heats with the temperature, including a stage-by-stage model of the air-cooled expansion. The paper presents the model and the adopted solver procedure. The code, developed in Matlab-Simulink using an object-oriented approach, is flexible and can be easily adapted to any kind of plant configuration. Simulation tests of the transients after load rejection have been carried out for a single-shaft heavy-duty gas turbine and a double-shaft aero-derivative industrial engine. Time plots of the main variables that describe the gas turbine dynamic behavior are shown and the results regarding the computational time per time step are discussed.

Gas Turbine Efficiency (GTE) Benefits of GTE Water Wash Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wagner ◽  
Robert J. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

The desire to maintain power plant profitability, combined with current market fuel gas pricing is forcing power generation companies to constantly look for ways to keep their industrial gas turbine units operating at the highest possible efficiency. Gas Turbines Operation requires the compression of very large quantities of air that is mixed with fuel, ignited and directed into a turbine to produce torque for purposes ranging from power generation to mechanical drive of pumping systems to thrust for air craft propulsion. The compression of the air for this process typically uses 60% of the required base energy. Therefore management of the compression process efficiency is very important to maintain overall cycle efficiency. Since fouling of turbine compressors is almost unavoidable, even with modern air filter treatment, and over time results in lower efficiency and output, compressor cleaning is required to maintain gas turbine efficiency.

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