A Device for Performing Controlled Cutting Operations

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Phan ◽  
John P. Parmigiani
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Cutting Angle ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Surgical Operations ◽  
Made In

Cutting operations using blades appear in several different industries such as food processing, surgical operations, gardening equipment, and so forth. Many practitioners of cutting operations will notice that it is easier to cut something by pressing and slicing at the same time versus doing each motion individually. They will also notice that certain angles or certain blade geometries make it easier to cut certain materials. As our society continues to increase our technological prowess, there is an ongoing need to better understand the underlying causes of simple tasks such as cutting so that cutting operations can be performed with more precision and accuracy than ever before. For many applications it is not possible to achieve the most optimum cutting force, cutting angle, and push to slice ratio and a compromise must be made in order to ensure the functionality of a cutting device. A means of objectively and efficiently evaluating cutting media is needed in order to determine the optimum parameters such as cutting force, cutting angle, and push to slice ratio for certain applications. The approach taken in this work is to create a testing apparatus that uses standard cutting media and performs controlled cutting operations to determine key parameters to specific cutting operations. Most devices used for performing experimental controlled cutting operations are limited to a single axis of motion, thus not incorporating the effect of the push to slice ratio. The device created and discussed in this paper is capable of performing controlled cutting operations with three axes of motion. It is capable of accurately controlling the depth of cut, push to slice ratio, and angle of cut in order to accurately capture motions seen in typical cutting operations. Each degree of freedom on the device is capable of withstanding up to 1550 N of cutting force while still capable of maintaining smooth motions. The device is capable of controlling the velocity of the push and slice motions up to 34 mm/s. Depth of cut, for both pushing and slicing, the reaction forces, and the angle of cut are all controlled and measured in real-time so that a correlation can be made between them. Data collected by this device will be used to investigate the effects of the push to slice ratio and angle of cut on cutting force and overall quality of cutting operations. Preliminary testing in wood test samples evaluates the effectiveness of the device in collecting cutting data. This device will also be used to validate several finite element analyses used in investigating cutting mechanics.

scholarly journals The cutting behavior of cortical bone in different bone osten cutting angles and depths of cut

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanqiang Luo ◽  
Yinghui Ren ◽  
Yang Shu ◽  
Cong Mao ◽  
Zhixiong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Cutting Angle ◽  
Small Depth ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Cutting Processes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cutting Path

Abstract Cortical bones are semi-brittle and anisotropic, this brings the challenge to suppress vibration and avoid undesired fracture in precise cutting processes in surgeries. In this paper, we proposed a novel analytical model to represent cutting processes of cortical bones, and we used to evaluate cutting forces and fracture toughness, and investigate the formations of chips and cracks under varying bone osteon cutting angles and depths. To validate the proposed model, the experiments are conducted on orthogonal cuttings over cortical bones to investigate the impact of bone osteon cutting angle and depth on cutting force, crack initialization and growth, and fracture toughness of cortical bone microstructure. The experimental results highly agreed with the prediction by the proposed model in sense that (1) curly, serrated, grainy and powdery chips were formed when the cutting angle was set as 0°, 60°, 90°, and 120°, respectively. (2) Bone materials were removed dominantly by shearing at a small depth of cut from 10 to 50 µm, and by a mixture of pealing, shearing, and bending at a large depth of cut over 100 µm at different cutting orientations. Moreover, it was found that a cutting path along the direction of crack initialization and propagation benefited to suppress the fluctuation of cutting force thus reduce the vibration. The presented model has theoretical and practical significance in optimizing cutting tools and operational parameters in surgeries.

scholarly journals Influence of Depth of Cut on Quality of Ground Surface and Cutting Force when Grinding Cermet

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-356
Author(s):  
Tomas Baksa ◽  
Jindrich Farsky ◽  
Ondrej Hronek ◽  
Miroslav Zetek
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Depth Of Cut

scholarly journals Research specificity and standardization of agrophysical methods on the example of investigations in soil physics

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
A. Bieganowski ◽  
W. Skierucha ◽  
Walczak RT
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Agricultural Materials ◽  
Made In

The study presents agrophysics as an interdisciplinary branch of science dealing with the application of physical methods to examine the properties of agricultural materials and products as well as processes in soil-plant-atmosphere and plant-machine-crop systems, sustainable plant and animal production, modern food processing technology, especially concentrating on the quality of substrates and food products. The discussed specificity of agrophysical metrology results mainly from the big diversity as well as special and temporal variability of the studied objects and processes. The complexity of the field covered by agrophysics requires the efforts to be made in standardization of agrophysical measurement methods.

Optimization of the cutting force vector during counter milling

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-50
Author(s):  
A.E. Perminov ◽  
S.V. Babin
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Force Vector ◽  
Cutting Depth ◽  
Machining Quality ◽  
End Mills

The process of counter milling with cylindrical and end mills is investigated. It was found that in order to improve the accuracy and quality of processing by counter milling, when choosing the cutting depth, it is necessary to take into account the diameter of the cutter and its rigidity. Keywords counter milling, mating surfaces, accuracy, machining quality, cylindrical and end mills, depth of cut, cutter diameter. [email protected]

Construction Control As A Strategy For Improving The Quality Of Buildings And Structures

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Construction Control ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Construction Market ◽  
Construction Products ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Required Quality

In construction production, the safety of constructing buildings and structures is achieved by ensuring the required quality as a result of systematic construction control based on the implementation of a complex of technical, economic and organizational measures at all stages of the object's life cycle. The article deals with the actual problem of improving the quality of construction products-buildings and structures in conjunction with the activities of construction control bodies. The article presents the advanced foreign and domestic experience of ensuring the quality control at the construction sites, providing for the prevention of the underlying causes of defects and increasing the interest of the contractors directly. On the basis of the analysis of the current situation with quality control at the construction market, ways to improve its efficiency by developing a unified system of technological implementation of relevant requirements for the quality of construction products, determining the rational number and business load of construction control engineers, as well as the active activities of self-regulatory organizations in this area are offered.

Reuse of Sludge from Pulp and Paper Industry Pilot and Full Scale Applications

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Eroǧlu ◽  
A. M. Saatçi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Made In

Recent advances made in the reuse of pulp and paper industry sludges in hardboard production are explained. Data obtained from pilot and full-scale plants using primary sludge of a pulp and paper industry as an additive in the production of hardboard is presented. An economic analysis of the reuse of pulp and paper primary sludge in hardboard manufacturing is given. The quality of the hardboard produced is tested and compared with the qualities of the hardboard produced by the same plant before the addition of primary sludge. The hardboard with primary sludge additive has been used in Turkey for about a year in the manufacturing of office and home furniture. The results are very satisfactory when the primary sludge is used at 1/4 ratio.

scholarly journals Determination of Environmental Factors for the Implementation of the Exploitability Index in Industrial Aggregate Mining Using Multi-Criteria Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Julio Manuel de Luis-Ruiz ◽  
Benito Ramiro Salas-Menocal ◽  
Gema Fernández-Maroto ◽  
Rubén Pérez-Álvarez ◽  
Raúl Pereda-García
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Made In

The quality of human life is linked to the exploitation of mining resources. The Exploitability Index (EI) assesses the actual possibilities to enable a mine according to several factors. The environment is one of the most constraining ones, but its analysis is made in a shallow way. This research is focused on its determination, according to a new preliminary methodology that sets the main components of the environmental impact related to the development of an exploitation of industrial minerals and its weighting according to the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It is applied to the case of the ophitic outcrops in Cantabria (Spain). Twelve components are proposed and weighted with the AHP and an algorithm that allows for assigning a normalized value for the environmental factor to each deposit. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are applied, allowing us to map a large number of components of the environmental factors. This provides a much more accurate estimation of the environmental factor, with respect to reality, and improves the traditional methodology in a substantial way. It can be established as a methodology for mining spaces planning, but it is suitable for other contexts, and it raises developing the environmental analysis before selecting the outcrop to be exploited.

scholarly journals Downregulation of exosomal let-7d and miR-16 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Lacedonia ◽  
Giulia Scioscia ◽  
Piera Soccio ◽  
Massimo Conese ◽  
Lucia Catucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a degenerative interstitial lung disease with both a poor prognosis and quality of life once the diagnosis is made. In the last decade many features of the disease have been investigated to better understand the pathological steps that lead to the onset of the disease and, moreover, different types of biomarkers have been tested to find valid diagnostic, prognostic and therapy response predictive ones. In the complexity of IPF, microRNA (miRNAs) biomarker investigation seems to be promising. Methods We analysed the expression of five exosomal miRNAs supposed to have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease from serum of a group of IPF patients (n = 61) and we compared it with the expression of the same miRNAs in a group of healthy controls (n = 15). Results In the current study what emerged is let-7d down-regulation and, unexpectedly, miR-16 significant down-regulation. Moreover, through a cross-sectional analysis, a clustering of the expression of miR-16, miR-21 and miR-26a was found. Conclusions These findings could help the individuation of previously unknown key players in the pathophysiology of IPF and, most interestingly, more specific targets for the development of effective medications.

Nature instigated Grey wolf algorithm for parametric optimization during machining (Milling) of polymer nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572199320
Author(s):  
Prakhar Kumar Kharwar ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Milling Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

The new era of engineering society focuses on the utilization of the potential advantage of carbon nanomaterials. The machinability facets of nanocarbon materials are passing through an initial stage. This article emphasizes the machinability evaluation and optimization of Milling performances, namely Surface roughness (Ra), Cutting force (Fc), and Material removal rate (MRR) using a recently developed Grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWOA). The Taguchi theory-based L27 orthogonal array (OA) was employed for the Machining (Milling) of polymer nanocomposites reinforced by Multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The second-order polynomial equation was intended for the analysis of the model. These mathematical models were used as a fitness function in the GWOA to predict machining performances. The ANOVA outcomes efficiently explore the impact of machine parameters on Milling characteristics. The optimal combination for lower surface roughness value is 1.5 MWCNT wt.%, 1500 rpm of spindle speed, 50 mm/min of feed rate, and 3 mm depth of cut. For lower cutting force, 1.0 wt.%, 1500 rpm, 90 mm/min feed rate and 1 mm depth of cut and the maximize MRR was acquired at 0.5 wt.%, 500 rpm, 150 mm/min feed rate and 3 mm depth of cut. The deviation of the predicted value from the experimental value of Ra, Fc, and MRR are found as 2.5, 6.5 and 5.9%, respectively. The convergence plot of all Milling characteristics suggests the application potential of the GWO algorithm for quality improvement in a manufacturing environment.

scholarly journals The reliability of maternal audit instruments to assign cause of death in maternal deaths review process: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratnasari D. Cahyanti ◽  
Widyawati Widyawati ◽  
Mohammad Hakimi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Reliability ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis

Abstract Background Maternal Death Reviews (MDR) can assist in formulating prevention strategies to reduce maternal mortality. To support MDR, an adequate MDR instrument is required to accurately identify the underlying causes of maternal deaths. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the reliability of maternal death instruments for conducting the MDR process. Method Three databases: PubMed, ProQuest and EBSCO were systematically searched to identify related research articles published between January 2004 and July 2019. The review and meta-analysis involved identification of measurement tools to conduct MDR in all or part of maternal audit. Eligibiliy and quality of studies were evaluated using the Modified Quality Appraisal of Diagnostic Reliability (QAREL) Checklist: Reliability Studies. Results Overall, 242 articles were identified. Six articles examining the instrument used for MDR in 4 countries (4 articles on verbal autopsy (VA) and 2 articles on facility-based MDR) were included. None of studies identified reliability in evaluation instruments assessing maternal audit cycle as a comprehensive approach. The pooled kappa for the MDR instruments was 0.72 (95%CI:0.43–0.99; p < 0.001) with considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 96.19%; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis of MDR instruments showed pooled kappa in VA of 0.89 (95%CI:0.52–1.25) and facility-based MDR of 0.48 (95%CI:0.15–0.82). Meta-regression analysis tended to show the high heterogeneity was likely associated with sample sizes, regions, and year of publications. Conclusions The MDR instruments appear feasible. Variation of the instruments suggest the need for judicious selection of MDR instruments by considering the study population and assessment during the target periods.

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