Synthesis of Variable-Diameter Helical Extension Springs

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyaz Mohammed ◽  
Hong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Force ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Hand Tools ◽  
Parametric Curve ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Variable Diameter ◽  
Coil Diameter ◽  
The Common

Helical extension springs store energy and provide resistance to tensile loads that are applied through appropriate spring ends. Typical spring ends include different types of hooks or loops. Both ends of a helical extension spring are attached to other components. When the two components move apart and their distance is increased, the helical extension spring exerts a tensile force between the two components and tries to decrease their distance. There are various applications for helical extension springs that include automobiles, toys, hand tools, agriculture machines, textile machines, and medical devices. The common configuration of helical extension springs uses straight cylindrical shape that has constant coil diameter and pitch. Unlike regular helical extension springs, variable-diameter helical extension springs do not employ constant coil diameter. Their variable coil diameter enables them to produce desired force deformation relationships and reduce stress concentration. The distinctive features of variable-diameter helical extension springs also raise their synthesis challenges. To surmount these challenges, a method is introduced in this paper to model and design variable-diameter helical extension springs. The configuration of a synthesized spring is described by a composite parametric curve. The entire spring is defined by its control parameters. Synthesizing the spring is systematized as optimizing its control parameters. Examples on modeling, analyzing and designing springs are presented in the paper to demonstrate the procedure and verify the effectiveness of the introduced synthesis method.

Synthesis of Concave Helical Compression Springs

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh Kumar Gandham ◽  
Hong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Spline Curve ◽  
Variable Diameter ◽  
Compression Spring ◽  
Spring Wire ◽  
Coil Diameter ◽  
Constant Pitch ◽  
The Common ◽  
Compression Springs

Helical compression springs are used to resist compressive forces or store energy in push mode. They are found in many applications that include automotive, aerospace and medical devices. The common configuration of helical compression springs is straight cylindrical shape that has constant coil diameter, constant pitch and constant spring rate. Unlike cylindrical helical compression springs, concave helical compression springs have a larger diameter at each end and a smaller diameter in the middle of the spring. The variable coil diameter enables them to produce desired load deflection characteristics, reduce solid height, buckling and surging, and keep them centered on a larger diameter hole. The unique features of concave helical compression springs also raise their synthesis challenges. In this paper, a method is introduced to synthesize concave helical compression springs. The variable coil diameter of a concave helical compression spring is described by a spline curve. A cylinder with variable diameter is generated by revolving the spline curve on spring axis. The concave helical compression spring is then modeled by wrapping a spring wire on the variable diameter cylinder. The synthesis of a concave helical compression spring is systemized as the optimization of the geometric control parameters of its wrapped spring wire. A synthesis example is presented in the paper to verify the effectiveness and demonstrate the procedure of the introduced method.

Intermedia – (Not Only) The Visual in the Hypertext of Contemporary Art

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Mladenov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Artistic Expression ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Aesthetic Practice ◽  
The Common ◽  
The 1950S

The article presents some historical and theoretical aspects defining intermedia as an aesthetic, cultural and social phenomenon. Its appearance in the 1950s and 1960s was triggered by the changed attitude towards art in the conditions of growing technology in society and the blurring of boundaries between different arts. The concept of intermedia is created by a group of artists who unite under the common name Fluxus, meaning „ flow of life“. Group Manifesto – Dick Higgins, composer, poet, publisher - formulates intermedia as a merger into a „ flow“ of different ways of artistic expression and means of communication. The most important distinctive features of intermedia – accessibility, non-commerciality, freedom, social engagement, compliance of modern lifestyle and the new media in it are traced. It explains the role of this aesthetic practice as an instrument in creating the hypertext of contemporary art.

Rethinking Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Service Organizations: Its Nature and Conceptualization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anit Somech ◽  
Anat Drach-Zahavy
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Service Organizations ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Service Characteristics ◽  
The Common ◽  
Unique Context

This chapter focuses on the phenomenon of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in the context of service organizations. Specifically, our aim was to challenge the common approach to OCB by delineating the unique characteristics of service organizations. The chapter begins by capturing the distinctive features of services: their intangibility, inseparability, and heterogeneity. Next, we argue that these characteristics compel service organizations to rely primarily on their employees’ OCBs. Paradoxically, the more committed managers are to service delivery, the less control they have over service quality compared with their counterparts in manufacturing. We then discuss how service characteristics shape the nature of OCB in this unique context and propose an integrated typology for better understanding OCB in service organizations.

Chapter 9: Pathways Toward Desirable Futures

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Murray F. Mitchell ◽  
Hal A. Lawson ◽  
Hans van der Mars ◽  
Phillip Ward
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Societal Change ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
Education Profession ◽  
Education Model ◽  
Fierce Competition

This special issue was designed to facilitate futures-oriented planning, focused on identical, similar, and unique practice and policy priorities. Formal planning aimed at desirable futures is a practical necessity for every helping profession because rapid, sometimes dramatic, societal change continues nonstop. Like all futures-oriented analyses, ours is unavoidably selective. Selectivity, once recognized, is a strength because readers are not asked to view the main claims and recommendations as a final authority. Selective research and scholarship focused on the creation and safeguarding of desirable futures has generative propensities that can provide the impetus for subsequent proposals aimed at the common good. In this chapter, the authors offer an integrative summary of the work in this special issue. Our summary invites readers’ special attention to distinctive features in their respective home contexts. This perspective stands in stark contrast to 20th Century models often described as “one best system” and “one ideal physical education model.” Justifiable variability—where “justifiable” means evidence-based and harmonized values—is the new norm for the 21st Century. The authors conclude that the physical education profession will benefit to the extent that it adopts the theme offered in this special issue. Unity founded on diversity—an idea whose time has come in a field known for fierce competition over curricula and programs.

scholarly journals DO PRECEDENTS CREATE RULES?

Legal Theory ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Lamond
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Adequate Theory ◽  
The Common

The doctrine of precedent is one of the most distinctive features of the modern common law. Understanding the operation of precedent is important for our theorizing about the nature of law, since any adequate theory must be compatible with the practice. In this paper I will explore the conventional view of precedent endorsed by practitioners and many legal philosophers alike. I will argue that for all its attractions, it provides a distorted view of the nature of precedent. The distortion grows out of the basic assumption that precedents create rules, and thus that the common law can be understood as a form of rule-based decision-making. Instead, the common law is a form of case-by-case decision-making, and the doctrine of precedent constrains this decision-making by requiring later courts to treat earlier cases as correctly decided. The relevance of earlier cases is not well understood in terms of rules—they are better understood as a special type of reason.

Institute of Dispute Resolution by the Participation of a Judge in the Court of Ukraine: Joint and Different Characteristics with the Institute of Mediation in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1653
Author(s):  
Oleksandra O. KARMAZA ◽  
Nataliia M. STEFANYSHYN ◽  
Tetiana Ya. SKHAB-BUCHYNSKA ◽  
Sergii O. KOROIED
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Procedural Code ◽  
The Common ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Administrative Proceedings ◽  
Different Characteristics

The relevance of this article is explained by the fact that in 2017 a new procedural institute – dispute resolution by the participation of a judge was introduced into the legal science of Ukraine, as well as in the judicial practice of Ukraine. In the jurisprudence of Ukraine, there is no consensus on the unity or difference between the institute of mediation in Ukraine and the institute of dispute resolution by the participation of a judge in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is the scientific and practical analysis of the norms of the Civil Procedural Code of Ukraine, the Commercial and Procedural Code of Ukraine and the Code of Administrative Proceedings of Ukraine in terms of determining the procedure for resolving a dispute by the participation of a judge, as well as determining the common and distinctive features of the mediation institute and the institute of dispute resolution by the participation of a judge under Ukrainian law. The article proposes improvements of Ukrainian legislation.

Synthesis of Ti3SiC2 via Modified-SHS System through Arc Melting

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 2128-2131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Juliewatty Mohamed ◽  
Phua Chee Hung ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Melting Time ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Inter Metallic Compound ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
The Common ◽  
Titanium Silicon

Inter-metallic compound of Ti3SiC2was produced via modified-SHS (self-propagating high temperature synthesis). Elemental powders of titanium, silicon and graphite were weighed according to their stoichiometric ratios (3:1:2) respectively. These powders were ball milled for 1 hour, then compacted into cylindrical shape. Synthesis of Ti3SiC2was carried out by using arc melting method. The effect of different arc melting time of 10, 30 and 60 seconds was studied. Phase formation and microstructure were analyzed by using XRD and SEM. The formation of Ti3SiC2was confirmed by XRD, and the SEM micrograph shows that the grain is in needle shape. XRD result also shows that the impurities are present in all the samples. TiC appeared to be the common and dominant impurity in all samples, with relatively low intensities in Ti5Si3and TiSi2phases. Some raw materials phase was still existed in sample arc melted for 10 and 30 seconds. Hence, it can be deduced that the raw materials had not yet fully taking part in the formation of Ti3SiC2.

The Relationship between Phase Structure and Melting Characteristics of High Cesium Content KF-CsF-AlF3 Aluminum Flux

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 2909-2915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Jie Cheng ◽  
Jun Xiang Yang ◽  
Hai Wei Zhao ◽  
Guan Xing Zhang ◽  
Jun Lan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Eutectic Reaction ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Melting Characteristics ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

The melting curves of high cesium content KF-CsF-AlF3 flux samples prepared by the wetting synthesis method were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the effect of the flux compositions on the melting characteristics was analyzed and summarized. Existing phases of every representation sample was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), meanwhile, the morphology and chemical elements of the typical flux samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis (EDS), respectively. The results indicated that solid phase decomposition first occurred in the common phase Cs2AlF5 for all the flux samples at 420°C; one of the decomposition products, Cs3AlF6 take the eutectic reaction with the Cs2KAlF6 at about 450°C; the flux samples containing phase CsAl2F7 or Cs2KAl3F12 have the e5 and e1 eutectic reaction at 471°C and 525°C, respectively, and their liquidus increased correspondingly. The liquidus for regionⅠflux samples is about 450°C and with a narrow melting range, which would make them good substrates for aluminum alloy middle temperature brazing.

scholarly journals ХАКАССКИЕ ПЕРИФЕРИЙНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ СО ЗНАЧЕНИЕМ ЗРИТЕЛЬНОГО ВОСПРИЯТИЯ И ИХ ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЕ СООТВЕТСТВИЯ В ДРУГИХ ТЮРКСКИХ ЯЗЫКАХ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Chertykova
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
The Common ◽  
Semantic Shift

Статья посвящена выявлению и описанию дифференциальных особенностей семантики периферийных глаголов со значением зрительного восприятия. В данную подгруппу мы классифицируем семь хакасских глаголов, выражающих различные стороны зрительного акта, из них четыре глагола имеют лексические соответствия в других тюркских языках. В ходе семантико-когнитивного анализа материала выявляются общие и отличительные особенности этих глаголов. Таким образом, выявлено, что лексические соответствия хакасских глаголов хара- «пристально смотреть; обозревать», пахла- «подсматривать, заглядывать» в других тюркских языках (например, в турецком, азербайджанском, татарском, башкирском, казахском) имеют обширную семантическую структуру и в результате развития многозначности они могут демонстрировать ослабление исходного перцептивного признака в последующих вторичных значениях. Глагол хара- / кара-, помимо перцептивного обозначения, указывает и на другие сферы человеческой деятельности, например, в азербайджанском, каракалпакском языках данный глагол обладает лексико-семантическим вариантом (ЛСВ) «подчиняться». В татарском, башкирском и др. языках данный глагол в силу частотности употребления, принимает на себя модальное значение «попробовать». Проанализированы также семантические составляющие глаголов, характерных (по нашим наблюдениям) для хакасского языка. В сибирских тюркских же языках эти глаголы в своих ЛСВ обычно сохраняют перцептивную сему, только тув.: каракта- и тоф.: қарақта- показывают семантический сдвиг в плане когнитивного соотношения зрительного и ментального процессов. По нашим наблюдениям, характерными для хакасского языка оказались глаголы: хылчаңна-, хайбағын-, маркированные семой «[смотреть], поворачивая голову» и глагол аңды-, актуализирующий признак целенаправленности и концентрации зрительного акта.The article is devoted to the identification and description of the differential features of the semantics of peripheral verbs with the meaning of visual perception. In this subgroup, we classify seven Khakass verbs expressing various aspects of the visual act, of which four verbs have lexical correspondences in other Turkic languages. In the course of semantic-cognitive analysis of the material, the common and distinctive features of these verbs are revealed. Thus, it has been revealed that the lexical correspondences of the Khakass verbs хара- «watch closely; observe», пахла- «peep, peep» in other Turkic languages (for example, Turkish, Azeri, Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh) have an extensive semantic structure and as a result of the development of ambiguity, they can demonstrate a weakening of the original perceptive trait in subsequent secondary values. The verb хара- / кара-, in addition to perceptual designation, indicates other spheres of human activity, for example, in the Azerbaijani, Karakalpak languages, this verb has the LSW «to obey». In the Tatar, Bashkir and other languages, this verb, due to its frequency of use, assumes the modal meaning «try». The semantic components of the verbs characteristic (according to our observations) for the Khakass language are also analyzed. In the Siberian Turkic languages, these verbs in their lexico-semantic variants (LSV) usually retain perceptual semo, only tuv.: каракта- and tof.: қарақта- show the semantic shift in terms of the cognitive relation of the visual and mental processes. According to our observations, the characteristic verses for Khakass were: хылчаңна-, хайбағын-, marked with sema «[watch], turning the head» and verb аңды-, the actualizing sign of focus and concentration of the visual act.

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