Combining Speed Control Function and Wye Passage in a Long Subsea Gas Line: A Case Study

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Lindner ◽  
Hans van Remmerden ◽  
Amit Shamgar
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Individual Parameter ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Battery Lifetime ◽  
Pipeline Inspection ◽  
Real Challenge

Challenging conditions for pipeline inspection can be caused by several different parameters and conditions (length, diameter changes, installations and operating conditions). Very often the real challenge is resulting from a combination of these influencing parameters. For example, a very long pipeline becomes particularly critical for battery lifetime if the flow rate is low. Each single individual parameter does not necessarily constitute such challenge. Some basic examples and a particular combination of pipeline parameters and operational conditions are presented in this article. The crucial parameters of the regarded pipeline are: 36″, about 700 km length, high wall thickness, high pressure and flow rates and a subsea wye piece. Some of these requirements are already demanding for former inspection tools. But the complex interaction of the features increases the challenge for the tool design significantly. Particularly the combination of high flow, high wall thickness and the wye piece passage required special attention. The article describes the pipeline properties and run conditions and the consequences for the entire cleaning and inspection program. Notably the interactions of the parameters regarding the MFL inspection are highlighted and the resulting tool concept is presented as well as the run results.

scholarly journals A Sensitivity Study of Vessel Hydrodynamic Model Parameters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Han ◽  
Svein Sævik ◽  
Bernt Johan Leira
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Wave Direction ◽  
The Real ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Digital Twin

Abstract In the recent decade, maritime and energy industries have realized the potential of using operational data in combination with a virtual replication of the real physical asset, termed the digital twin. The digital twin then serves as a platform for data management, asset monitoring, and inspection and maintenance management, featuring an improved basis for cost effective operations and future decision making in terms of e.g. life extension. The present paper deals with application of the digital twin concept in marine operations where it is essential to handle the inherent uncertainties of vessel performance by applying a model that can adapt to the real operating conditions. In this paper a case study is presented for identifying the most sensitive parameters in the vessel hydrodynamic model w.r.t. the vessel motion RAOs. The study also shows that the parametric sensitivity depends on the interesting vessel response parameter, wave direction and loading condition. A digital twin adaptive to various operational conditions may require parametric tuning of the numerical model. It is important to identify the correct parameter(s) for modification. A simplified and idealized case study is also carried out to test the requirements to a successful parameter identification for model tuning.

Contradictions in qualitative management research

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-64
Author(s):  
Per Richard Hansen ◽  
Jens Dorland
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Realities ◽  
Interview Situation ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Management Work

Purpose – Contradictory accounts in empirical material are often perceived as deliberate “lies” or “misleading deceptions” performed in acts of impression management, or they are simply neglected. When observed in the material collected empirically, methods have been developed in order to identify and remove them from the analytical work. The purpose of this paper is to re-visit and re-introduce a dissensus-based management research strategy in order to analytically be able to work with what appear to be contradictions and misinformation in qualitative research accounts, and give them a more profound role in the understanding of management ideas, work and practices. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review is presented on consensus and dissensus orientated theories on contradictions and multiple and conflicting identities in a single individual in an ethnographic inquiry. The purpose is to analyse and reflect upon the contradictory information gathered, and how it can shed light upon important aspects of the management work and practices performed by the informant. This is done by focusing on apparent contradictions in a single interview situation from an ethnographic case study through, respectively a consensus and a dissensus perspective. Findings – The findings indicate that dealing with contradictions and inner conflicts between self-view and external demands and conditions, led the informant to the production of multiple narrative self-identities imaging multiple realities that all appeared real to the informant. Each of these realities had different and contradictory impacts on the ideas and management work and practices he presented and performed in the organisation. These findings challenge the notions of “lies”, “deception” and “misinformation” in management research, and call for a more reflexive approach to analysis work in ethnographic accounts. Originality/value – By applying consensus and dissensus-oriented theories to a single account the authors point to conditions, phenomena and relations, which most current and historic management research streams fail to see. Multiple and conflicting identities surface in a single respondent during an interview situation, creating clearly self-contradictory and conflicting narratives and practices, that all appear to be oblivious to the respondent. These multiple and contradictory narrative identities all have significant impact on the management work performed by the respondent.

Designing CO2 Transmission Pipelines Without Crack Arrestors

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme G. King ◽  
Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Pipeline Network

Masdar is developing several carbon capture projects from power plants, smelters, steel works, industrial facilities and oil and gas processing plants in Abu Dhabi in a phased series of projects. Captured CO2 will be transported in a new national CO2 pipeline network with a nominal capacity of 20×106 T/y to oil reservoirs where it will be injected for reservoir management and sequestration. Design of the pipeline network considered three primary factors in the selection of wall thickness and toughness, (a) steady and transient operating conditions, (b) prevention of longitudinal ductile fractures and (c) optimization of total project owning and operating costs. The paper explains how the three factors affect wall thickness and toughness. It sets out code requirements that must be satisfied when choosing wall thickness and gives details of how to calculate toughness to prevent propagation of long ductile fracture in CO2 pipelines. It then uses cost optimization to resolve contention between the different requirements and arrive at a safe and economical pipeline design. The design work selected a design pressure of 24.5 MPa, well above the critical point for CO2 and much higher than is normally seen in conventional oil and gas pipelines. Despite its high operating pressure, the proposed network will be one of the safest pipeline systems in the world today.

Morphological Adaptation for Speed Control of Pipeline Inspection Gauges MC-PIG

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujet Phodapol ◽  
Tachadol Suthisomboon ◽  
Pong Kosanunt ◽  
Ravipas Vongasemjit ◽  
Petch Janbanjong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pi Control ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Acceptable Error ◽  
Valve Unit ◽  
Pipeline Inspection ◽  
Flow Adjustment ◽  
Valve Angle ◽  
Moving Speed

Abstract Passive and active hybrid pipeline inspection gauges (PIGs) have been used for in-pipe inspection. While a passive PIG cannot control its speed, the hybrid version can achieve this by using an integrated valve specifically designed and embedded in the PIG. This study proposes a generic new method for speed adaptation in PIGs (called MC-PIG) by introducing a generic, modular, controllable, external valve unit add-on for attaching to existing conventional (passive) PIGs with minimal change. The MC-PIG method is based on the principle of morphological computation with closed-loop control. It is achieved by regulating/computing the PIG's morphology (i.e., a modular rotary valve unit add-on) to control bypass flow. Adjustment of the valve angle can affect the flow rate passing through the PIG, resulting in speed regulation ability. We use numerical simulation with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate and analyze the speed of a simulated PIG with the valve unit adjusted by proportional-integral (PI) control under various in-pipe pressure conditions. Our simulation experiments are performed under different operating conditions in three pipe sizes (16″, 18″, and 22″ in diameter) to manifest the speed adaptation of the PIG with the modular valve unit add-on and PI control. Our results show that the PIG can effectively perform real-time adaptation (i.e., adjusting its valve angle) to maintain the desired speed. The valve design can be adjusted from 5 degrees (closed valve, resulting in high moving speed) to a maximum of 45 degrees (fully open valve, resulting in low moving speed). The speed of the PIG can be regulated from 0.59 m/s to 3.88 m/s in a 16″ pipe at 4.38 m/s (in-pipe fluid velocity), 2500 kPa (operating pressure), and 62 °C (operating temperature). Finally, the MC-PIG method is validated using a 3D-printed prototype in a 6″ pipe. Through the investigation, we observed that two factors influence speed adaptation; the pressure drop coefficient and friction of the PIG and pipeline. In conclusion, the results from the simulation and prototype show close characteristics with an acceptable error.

A Practical Approach to Expedite a Pore to Process Simulation Model for a Rich Gas Condensate Reservoir – Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed Mahmoud El-Menoufi ◽  
Eman Abed Ezz El-Regal ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Ali ◽  
Khaled Mohamed Mansour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Compositional Approach ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Black Oil

Abstract Field development planning of gas condensate fields using numerical simulation has many aspects to consider that may lead to a significant impact on production optimization. An important aspect is to account for the effects of network constraints and process plant operating conditions through an integrated asset model. This model should honor proper representation of the fluid within the reservoir, through the wells and up to the network and facility. Obaiyed is one of the biggest onshore gas field in Egypt, it is a highly heterogeneous gas condensate field located in the western desert of Egypt with more than 100 wells. Three initial condensate gas ratios are existing based on early PVT samples and production testing. The initial CGRs as follows;160, 115 and 42 STB/MMSCF. With continuous pressure depletion, the produced hydrocarbon composition stream changes, causing a deviation between the design parameters and the operating parameters of the equipment within the process plant, resulting in a decrease in the recovery of liquid condensate. Therefore, the facility engineers demand a dynamic update of a detailed composition stream to optimize the system and achieve greater economic value. The best way to obtain this compositional stream is by using a fully compositional integrated asset model. Utilizing a fully compositional model in Obaiyed is challenging, computationally expensive, and impractical, especially during the history match of the reservoir numerical model. In this paper, a case study for Obaiyed field is presented in which we used an alternative integrated asset modeling approach comprising a modified black-oil (MBO) that results in significant timesaving in the full-field reservoir simulation model. We then used a proper de-lumping scheme to convert the modified black oil tables into as many components as required by the surface network and process plant facility. The results of proposed approach are compared with a fully compositional approach for validity check. The results clearly identified the system bottlenecks. The model can be used to propose the best tie-in location of future wells in addition to providing first-pass flow assurance indications throughout the field's life and under different network configurations. The model enabled the facility engineers to keep the conditions of the surface facility within the optimized operating envelope throughout the field's lifetime.

scholarly journals Mapping Psychological & Sociological Influences on Individual Decision Making and Brand Choices

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
Ray Titus ◽  
Bhavika Veeramachaneni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Personality Tests ◽  
Mba Program ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Consumption Decision ◽  
Depth Interviews

Understanding and responding to the quintessential customer is the only way marketers will survive high density competition in the market place. Giving the consumer what he needs, when he needs it and where he needs it is the key to smart marketing. Providing consumer solutions in turn require marketers to know their target consumers’ psyche and the sociological influences that bear down on them. This research study uses multiple qualitative tools like personality tests, perception tests, in depth interviews and projective techniques to understand the psyche, social cultural environment and the decision making framework of an individual research subject. The subject chosen for the single individual case study was a student at an MBA program in the metropolitan city of Bangalore. He is in his mid-20s looking to move on to a corporate job after the completion of graduate business program. The research primarily focussed on understanding the influences his social circumstances and his personal psyche had on consumption decision making.

scholarly journals Heterarchy Reveals Social Organization of a Smooth Stingray (Bathytoshia brevicaudata) Population in a Provisioned Food Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni Pini-Fitzsimmons ◽  
Nathan A. Knott ◽  
Culum Brown
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Dominant Individual ◽  
Complex Social Behavior ◽  
Provisioned Food

The advent of new technologies and statistical analyses has provided valuable insights into chondrichthyan social behavior. It has become apparent that sharks and rays lead more complex social lives than previously believed. Heterarchy combines hierarchy and social network theory and although it is not a new concept, it is rarely applied to animal social interactions. Here, we applied heterarchy to a case study involving smooth stingrays foraging for fish scraps at boat ramp in Jervis Bay, NSW Australia. We took advantage of their attraction to this site to examine their social behavior during agonistic interactions over the provisioned resource. We observed a stable, relatively linear but shallow dominance hierarchy that was highly transitive dominated by a single individual. Social network analysis revealed a non-random social network centered on the dominant individual. Contrary to previous research, size did not predict dominance, but it was correlated with network centrality. The factors determining dominance of lower ranks were difficult to discern, which is characteristic of despotic societies. This study provides the first heterarchical assessment of stingray sociality, and suggests this species is capable of complex social behavior. Given higher dominance and centrality relate to greater access to the provisioned resource, the observed social structure likely has fitness implications.

scholarly journals Thermo-economic analysis and optimization of the steam absorption chiller network plant

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-58
Author(s):  
Farshad Panahizadeh ◽  
Mahdi Hamzehei ◽  
Mahmood Farzaneh-Gord ◽  
Villa Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Working Condition ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Absorption Chiller ◽  
Absorption Chillers ◽  
Optimization Search

Absorption chillers are one of the most used equipment in industrial, commercial, and domestic applications. For the places where high cooling is required, they are utilized in a network to perform the cooling demand. The main objective of the current study was to find the optimum operating conditions of a network of steam absorption chillers according to energy and economic viewpoints. Firstly, energy and economic analysis and modeling of the absorption chiller network were carried out to have a deep understanding of the network and investigate the effects of operating conditions. Finally, the particle swarm optimization search algorithm was employed to find an optimum levelized total costs of the plant. The absorption chiller network plant of the Marun Petrochemical Complex in Iran was selected as a case study. To verify the simulation results, the outputs of energy modeling were compared with the measured values. The comparison with experimental results indicated that the developed model could predict the working condition of the absorption chiller network with high accuracy. The economic analysis results revealed that the levelized total costs of the plant is 1730 $/kW and the payback period is three years. The optimization findings indicated that working at optimal conditions reduces the levelized total costs of the plant by 8.5%, compared to the design condition.

scholarly journals Performance analysis of the working surface of the rails from test batches on the Test Loop of JSC “VNIIZhT”

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Khvostik ◽  
I. V. Khromov ◽  
O. A. Bykova ◽  
G. A. Beresten’
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Wear Area ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Rolling Surface ◽  
Test Loop ◽  
The Impact

The monitoring of railway rails damage on the railway network of the JSC “Russian Railways” as well as operational and polygon tests are conducted with the purpose of assessing the impact of operating conditions on the intensity of rails damage, obtaining initial data for forecasting rails failures. The increased intensity of rails wear on sites with a complex plan and profile leads to the fact that with a continuous change from the track, rails which have an underutilized service life of more than 20 % are retrieved. Polygon tests on the Test Loop of the JSC “VNIIZhT” near the Scherbinka station can provide the repeatability and reliability of the results, comparative tests are carried out under identical conditions and their duration is several times less than when tested at experimental sites under operational conditions. The results of the polygon tests of new differentially heat-strengthened rails did not reveal any advantages in the wear resistance of special purposed rails (laid in the recommended radius of the curve for its application) when comparing the rails of domestic manufacturers. Metal shelling out on the rolling surface of rails is the main reason for the removal of rails from test batches. The origin and development of defects of this kind is due to both violations of the technology of manufacturing rails, and because of violations of the current maintenance of the track. The metal stock in the area of the rail head of R65 type due to the increase in its dimensions positively affects the extension of the lifetime of the rails, reducing the cost of the life cycle and the rail itself, and the design of the track as a whole. When carrying out a separate study in order to obtain results characterizing the stability of high-quality rails to contact fatigue damage, it is advisable to optimize the conditions of the polygon tests, bringing them closer to operational ones. When forming the test results, it is necessary to expand the list of criteria for assessing the wear resistance of rails, supplementing it with the size of the wear area at the time of a certain operating time of the tonnage, with the introduction of this criterion into the appropriate methods for the polygon (operational) tests.

Developing dementia: The existential experience of the quality of life with young-onset dementia – A longitudinal case study

Dementia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 878-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Thorsen ◽  
Marcia Cristina Nascimento Dourado ◽  
Aud Johannessen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Treatment Support ◽  
Young Onset Dementia

BackgroundCognition and the ability to take care of daily activities and oneself gradually declines among people with dementia. Studies are scarce, especially regarding how people with young-onset dementia (YOD) (<65 years) experience the quality of their lives with the progression of dementia. People with dementia living alone face special challenges.AimTo examine the experience of the quality of life with YOD as a single person.MethodThe study presents a longitudinal case study with in-depth interviews exploring the experiences of a person with YOD. Individual interviews were conducted seven times over a period of three years from 2014 to 2017.FindingsWe examined if and how seven themes concerning the quality of life and well-being were fruitful for understanding the experiences of dementia in the everyday life of a single individual. The study explored needs and challenges during the development of dementia, and how the person reacted over time, set in context. The themes significant for well-being are: identity, connectedness, security, autonomy, meaning, growth and joy.ConclusionThe study shows how treatment, support, and services must be individualized when dementia develops in order to support identity, resources and mastering capacity, and promote well-being.

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