The Potential Generating Capacity of PV-Clad Residential and Commercial Buildings in Nigeria

Solar Energy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. ‘Layi Fagbenle ◽  
M. T. Oladiran ◽  
T. I. Oyedemi
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Power Utility ◽  
The Past ◽  
Decentralized Generation ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Installed Capacity

Nigeria’s grid electricity supply of 5.881 GW installed capacity in the period 1994–1997 has experienced a sharp decline over the past five years to about 3 GW by 2002, even as electricity demand has grown due to population pressures, industrialization, and urban migration. Indeed the present situation is a near total collapse of the state power utility services, as total prolonged blackouts have been commonplace throughout the country in the past couple of years, and the situation may grow much worse unless significant shift in energy policy and investment takes place urgently. Diversification of energy sources to reduce the overt increasing dependence on fossil fuel generation and a shift towards renewable energy generation, particularly solar photovoltaic electricity, is a highly desirable policy shift. Among the gains would be reduced carbon emission into the environment and reduced transmission and distribution losses due to the possibility of decentralized generation and localized use of solar photovoltaic electricity. This paper examines the use of decentralized and gridconnected solar PV in building cladding as a pragmatic solution to the current power problems of Nigeria. The results of an ongoing investigation of the potential generating capacity of stand-alone and grid-connected solar PV cladding on residential and commercial buildings in Nigeria. An economic analysis of the proposed system is also considered as well as suggestions on financing. The cost of electricity from the proposed solar PV-clad buildings, calculated using an assumed 8% discount rate and a 25-year life expectancy was found to be significantly higher, in the double digits, than the present national tariff. Thus, novel financing schemes required are examined in the paper.

Shedding Light on the Unequal Distribution of Residential Solar PV Adoption in Latin America and the Caribbean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Chueca Montuenga ◽  
Mariana Weiss ◽  
Rogelio Celaya ◽  
Mauricio Tolmasquim ◽  
Michelle Hallack
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Socioeconomic Data ◽  
Installed Capacity

Latin America and the Caribbean during the past decade have exponentially expanded their solar installed capacity, with a special emphasis on the rooftop solar photovoltaic systems in the households. These are potential results of incentive policies and regulatory instruments implemented in those countries to foster solar distributed generation. However, with the perspective of massive adoption of solar rooftop systems, the reinforcement of socioeconomic inequalities has been cited as a possible outcome of the current incentive policies. To improve and redesign policies in order to avoid this of distortions it is important to understand who the adopters are under the current institutional framework are and how the adoption of solar is taking place. This empirical analysis is presents evidence to look into whether the incentive policies ensure that solar generation can be adopted by many households and avoid being concentrated in a few early adopters of the technology. With this purpose it seeks to identify (i) the geospatial distribution of solar and (ii) how has the solar situation evolved since regulators permitted these installations in Mexico, Chile, and Brazil using socioeconomic data, electricity pricing, and the complete geolocated census of PV installations in these countries.

An Overview of Rural to Urban Migration in China and Social Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Ziwei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internal Migrations ◽  
Rural To Urban Migration ◽  
Employment Sectors

The rural to urban migration in China represents one of the greatest internal migrations of people in history as rural populations have moved to cities in response to growing labour demand. One major cause of the increased labour demand was the “Reform and Open Market Policy” initiated at the end of the 1970s. The policy amplified the rural to urban divide by promoting a more thoroughly market-based economy with a corresponding reduction in the importance of agricultural production and a greater emphasis on non-agricultural market sectors. As a result, a series of economic reforms have drastically changed the cultural and social aspects of the rural area over the past three decades. Many social problems have been created due to rural to urban migration. These problems include institutional discrimination because of the restrictive household registration policies; social stigmatisation and discrimination in state-owned employment sectors and among urban residents; psychological distress and feelings of alienation.

scholarly journals Exploring Opportunities and Challenges of Solar PV Power under Carbon Peak Scenario in China: A PEST Analysis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3061
Author(s):  
Hengtian Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Yang ◽  
Xinxin Xu ◽  
Liu Fei
Keyword(s):  
Solar Pv ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Industry Chain ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Carbon Peak

China has experienced rapid social and economic development in the past 40 years. However, excessive consumption of fossil fuel energy has caused an energy shortage and led to severe environmental pollution. To achieve sustainable development, China is striving to transform its growth mode. Adopting renewable energy (RE) including solar photovoltaic (PV) power is an effective measure. How to promote the further development of solar PV power under the scenario of China’s aspirational target of carbon peak by 2030 and 20% RE ratio in the energy mix remains a theme that need to be addressed. This paper analyzes the potential opportunities and challenges confronting solar PV power in China. The analysis covers the dimensions of political, economic, social, and technological (PEST). The results revealed a significant prospect for the further deployment of solar PV power in the coming decades. The aggressive estimated installed capacity of solar PV power is expected to reach 80+ GW annually. To successfully achieve the goal of 80+ GW, barriers that hinder the further development of solar PV power have to be eliminated. Suggestions for policymakers include maintaining enforceability and continuity of policies, favorable financial supports, mandatory RE quotas for all parties, and supporting fundamental R&D. Suggestions for the solar PV industry include full utilization of integrated applications, set up an after-sales service network, collaborative innovation among the industry chain, and engaging in storage and hydrogen technology. The findings are greatly beneficial for policymakers and the solar PV industry.

Solar Powered Water Pumps: The Past, the Present—and the Future?

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Short ◽  
R. Oldach
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Water Pumps

Solar (photovoltaic) powered water pumps could be a real instrument for the alleviation of water related deaths and illnesses in developing countries through the provision of clean water. However, despite the benefits that access to sustainable potable water supplies can bring, solar powered water pumps have a long way to go before they even begin to meet the needs of those who could use them. This paper addresses some of the complex, inter-related social and technical issues that have prevented solar powered water pumping from reaching its full potential and shows how future efforts should be directed in order to respond to these issues.

A novel way of parameter estimation of solar photovoltaic system

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Bisht ◽  
Afzal Sikander
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic System

Purpose This paper aims to achieve accurate maximum power from solar photovoltaic (PV), its five parameters need to be estimated. This study proposes a novel optimization technique for parameter estimation of solar PV. Design/methodology/approach To extract optimal parameters of solar PV new optimization technique based on the Jellyfish search optimizer (JSO). The objective function is defined based on two unknown variables and the proposed technique is used to estimate the two unknown variables and the rest three unknown variables are estimated analytically. Findings In this paper, JSO is used to estimate the parameters of a single diode PV model. In this study, eight different PV panels are considered. In addition, various performance indices, such as PV characteristics, such as power-voltage and current-voltage curves, relative error (RE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and normalized mean absolute error (NMAE) are determined using the proposed algorithm and existing algorithms. The results for different solar panels have been obtained under varying environmental conditions such as changing temperature and constant irradiance or changing irradiance and constant temperature. Originality/value The proposed technique is new and provides better results with minimum RE, RMSE, NMAE, MAE and converges fast, as depicted by the fitness graph presented in this paper.

Grid Parity of Residential Building Rooftop Solar PV in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-40
Author(s):  
Rakesh Dalal ◽  
Kamal Bansal ◽  
Sapan Thapar
Keyword(s):  
Residential Building ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Grid Parity ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Utility Grid ◽  
Rooftop Solar

Rooftop solar photovoltaic(PV) installation in India have increased in last decade because of the flat 40 percent subsidy extended for rooftop solar PV systems (3 kWp and below) by the Indian government under the solar rooftop scheme. From the residential building owner's perspective, solar PV is competitive when it can produce electricity at a cost less than or equal grid electricity price, a condition referred as “grid parity”. For assessing grid parity of 3 kWp and 2 kWp residential solar PV system, 15 states capital and 19 major cities were considered  for the RET screen simulation by using solar isolation, utility grid tariff, system cost and other economic parameters. 3 kWp and 2 kWp rooftop solar PV with and without subsidy scenarios were considered for simulation using RETscreen software. We estimate that without subsidy no state could achieve grid parity for 2kWp rooftop solar PV plant. However with 3 kWp rooftop solar PV plant only 5 states could achieve grid parity without subsidy and with government subsidy number of states increased to 7, yet wide spread parity for residential rooftop solar PV is still not achieved. We find that high installation costs, subsidized utility grid supply to low energy consumer and financing rates are major barriers to grid parity.

Risking Debt for Honor

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-71
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Cash
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Republic

Research on godparenthood has traditionally emphasized its stabilizing effect on social structure. This article, however, focuses attention on how the practices and discourses associated with marital sponsorship in the Republic of Moldova ascribe value to the risks and uncertainties of social life. Moldova has experienced substantial economic, social, and political upheaval during the past two decades of postsocialism, following a longer period of Soviet-era modernization, secularization, and rural–urban migration. In this context, godparenthood has not contributed to the long-term stability of class structure or social relations, but people continue to seek honor and social respect by taking the social and economic risks involved in sponsoring new marriages.

scholarly journals Challenges in Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Systems via Inverter: A Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Sourabh Kedar ◽  
Mr. Santosh Singh Negi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Grid Integration ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Network Coordination ◽  
The Individual

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have mainly been used in the past decade. Inverter-powered photovoltaic grid topologies are widely used to meet electricity demand and to integrate forms of renewable energy into power grids. Meeting the growing demand for electricity is a major challenge today. This paper provides a detailed overview of the topological trend of inverters with connection to the photovoltaic grid, as well as the advantages, disadvantages and main characteristics of the individual inverters. For proper integration into a network, coordination between the supporting devices used for reactive power compensation and their optimal reactive power capacity for grid current stability is important.

scholarly journals Forecasting of China’s Solar PV Industry Installed Capacity and Analyzing of Employment Effect: Based on GRA-BiLSTM Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
bingchun liu ◽  
Chengyuan Song ◽  
Qingshan Wang ◽  
Yuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Installed Capacity

Abstract With the acceleration of China's energy transformation process and the rapid increase of renewable energy market demand, the photovoltaic (PV) industry has created more jobs and effectively alleviated the employment pressure of the labor market under the normalization of the epidemic situation. First, to accurately predict China’s solar PV installed capacity, this paper proposes a multi-factor installed capacity prediction model based on Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory-Grey Relation Analysis. Compared with the prediction results of GRU and LSTM models, the prediction accuracy of the GRA-BiLSTM model is higher. Second, the BiLSTM model is used to forecast China’s installed solar PV capacity from 2020 to 2035. The forecast results show that China’s newly installed solar PV capacity will continue to grow and reach 2,833GW in 2035. Third, the employment number in China’s solar PV industry during 2020–2035 is predicted by the Employment Factors method. The results show that the energy transition in China during 2020–2035 will have a positive impact on the future stability and growth of the labor market in the solar PV industry. Overall, an accurate forecast of solar PV installed capacity can provide effective decision support for planning electric power development strategy and formulating employment policy of solar PV industry.

scholarly journals Māori Urban Migrations and Identities, ‘Ko Ngā Iwi Nuku Whenua’: A study of Urbanisation in the Wellington Region during the Twentieth Century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Erin Keenan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
Migration Experiences

<p>Māori urbanisation and urban migrations have been the subject of much discussion and research, especially following World War Two when Māori individuals, whānau and communities increasingly became residents of towns and cities that were overwhelmingly Pākehā populated. However, Māori urbanisation experiences and urban migrations are difficult topics to address because kaumātua are reluctant to discuss ‘urban Māori’, especially considering its implications for Māori identities. The original contribution this thesis makes to histories of Māori urban migrations is that it explores these and other understandings of urbanisations to discover some of their historical influences. By discussing urbanisations directly with kaumātua and exploring historical sources of Māori living in, and moving to, the urban spaces of Wellington and the Hutt Valley through the twentieth century, this thesis is a ‘meeting place’ for a range of perspectives on the meanings of urbanisations from the past and the present. Although urbanisation was an incredible time of material change for the individuals and whānau who chose to move into cities such as Wellington, the histories of urban migration experiences exist within a scope of Māori and iwi worldviews that gave rise to multiple experiences and understandings of urbanisations. The Wellington region is used to show that Māori in towns and cities used Māori social and cultural forms in urban areas so that they could, through the many challenges of becoming urban-dwelling, ensure the persistence of their Māoritanga. Urbanisations also allowed Māori to both use traditional identities in urban areas, as well as develop new relationships modelled on kinship. The Ngāti Pōneke community is used as an example of the complex interactions between these identities and how many Māori became active residents in but not conceptually ‘of’ cities. As a result, the multiple and layered Māori identities that permeate throughout Māori experiences of the present and the past are important considerations in approaching and discussing urbanisations. Urban Māori communities have emphasised the significance of varied and layered Māori identities, and this became particularly pronounced through the Māori urban migrations of the twentieth century.</p>

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