Material Properties of Discarded Textiles for Manufacturing Feedstocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad Bashir ◽  
Abigail R. Clarke-Sather ◽  
Tyler M. Poggogiale ◽  
Christopher L. Meehan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Fast Fashion ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Proportional Rate

Abstract Presently, many textiles are discarded, in a condition that would allow a significant percentage of them to be able to be completely reused or recycled. Recent consumption practices embodied by “fast fashion”, fast purchasing, and fast disposal of out of style clothing has increased the volume of discarded clothing, as the repurposing and/or recycling of discarded textile materials has not increased at a proportional rate. Consequently, discarded clothing may have nearly no wear and tear or extensive use before consumers choose to dispose of these textiles. Increasing the recovery of textiles from municipal solid waste streams involves understanding the material properties that discarded textiles possess. Measuring the material properties available from discarded textiles will allow for understanding whether these textiles can be reused. At the same time as disposal of textiles has increased, geotextile purchase and use has been increasing rapidly. In the current study, tensile strength (break force) and permittivity of discarded clothing samples made of cotton, polyester, and cotton-polyester blends were measured and compared with material properties that are commonly specified for geotextile applications. Average break force values measured for discarded cotton and polyester and average permittivity values measured for 50%/50% cotton-polyester blends and polyester are higher than what is commonly recommended for common geotextile applications. Polyester materials showed promise for drainage and erosion control applications that would be commonly serviced by geotextiles, as polyester samples yielded average break force and permittivity values are above typically recommended geotextile minimum values for these applications.

Consumption practices of fast fashion products: a consumer‐based approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Gabrielli ◽  
Ilaria Baghi ◽  
Vanni Codeluppi
Keyword(s):  
Fast Fashion ◽  
Fashion Products ◽  
Consumption Practices

scholarly journals Determination of the Material Properties of the Reinforcement for Textile-Reinforced Concrete Elements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergej Rempel ◽  
Marcus Ricker ◽  
Tânia Feiri
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Elastic Behaviour ◽  
Textile Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Design Values

Abstract Textile-reinforced concrete has emerged in recent years as a new and valuable construction material. The design of textile-reinforced concrete requires knowledge on the mechanical properties of different textile types as well as their reinforcing behaviour under different loading conditions. Conventional load-bearing tests tend to be complex, time-consuming, costly and can even lack consistent specifications. To mitigate such drawbacks, a standardised tensile test for fibre strands was developed aiming at characterising the material properties needed for the design of a textile-reinforced concrete component. For the sake of this study, an epoxy resin-soaked AR-glass reinforcement was considered. The standardised tensile test uses a fibre strand with 160 mm length, which shall be cut out of a textile grid. The results show that the textile reinforcement has a linear-elastic behaviour, and the ultimate tensile strength can be statistically modelled by a Gumbel distribution. Furthermore, the results indicate that the modulus of elasticity is not influenced by the length or the number of fibre strands. Therefore, the mean value from the standardised test can be used for the design purpose. These findings are essential to derive an appropriate partial safety factor for the calculation of the design values of the tensile strength and can be used to determine the failure probability of textile-reinforced concrete components.

Aspects of Testing and Material Properties of Fiber Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldrich Sucharda ◽  
Vlastimil Bilek
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Functional Dependencies ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Fibre Concrete ◽  
Fiber Concrete ◽  
Concrete Mixer

Concrete is typical composite material and its properties can be very variable. Material properties are also influenced with the technology of processing, manufacturing and treatment after concreting. Reinforcement in form of fibers is often added for improving tensile strength. This paper deals with specific testing of fibre concrete. Test results of series of specimens are presented for selected transport concrete composition, which is reinforced with amount of fibers 25, 50, 75 kg / m3. Fibers were added directly into the into the concrete mixer in the factory. Each series includes more than 25 test samples. The tests include the compressive strength of a cube and cylindrical, testing of modulus of elasticity, and the split tensile strength in the direction perpendicular to and parallel to the filling. Within the research project also a few types of bending tests were performed. Four variants of bending test that vary in span of 500 or 600 mm, samples with and without a notch, and in a three- / four-point configuration. As a summary, broader evaluation and functional dependencies are derived.

Use of Separated Dust from the Formatting and Grinding Cement-Bonded Chipboards to Modify their Composition

2015 ◽  
Vol 1122 ◽  
pp. 225-228
Author(s):  
Tomáš Melichar ◽  
Dalibor Konečný ◽  
Jiří Bydžovský ◽  
Miroslav Vacula
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Suitability Assessment ◽  
Dust Treatment ◽  
Plate Plane

The article presents results of the research focused on suitability assessment of separated dust from formatting and grinding of cement-bonded chipboards to modify their composition. The attention was paid to dust treatment, i.e. milling and sorting. The dust was applied to chipboards in amounts of 5 and 10%. Formulas with water-cement ratio 0.60 and 0.65 were prepared. The influence of sorted dust was subsequently evaluated using setting of selected material properties. In particular the bending strength and tensile strength perpendicular to plate plane were monitored including the influence of frost on these characteristics.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of the Contact Behavior of a Polymer-Based Waterproof Membrane for Tunnel Lining

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2704
Author(s):  
Kicheol Lee ◽  
Dongwook Kim ◽  
Soon-Wook Choi ◽  
Soo-Ho Chang ◽  
Tae-Ho Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Tunnel Lining ◽  
Contact Conditions ◽  
Contact Behavior ◽  
Initial Strength ◽  
Interface Parameters

Waterproof membranes have higher initial strength, faster construction, and better waterproofing than conventional sheet membranes. In addition, their polymer constituents have much higher interfacial adhesion and tensile strength than those of conventional materials. However, despite their advantages, waterproof membranes are not widely used in civil construction. This study evaluates the material properties and interface parameters of a waterproof membrane by considering the results of laboratory experiments and numerical analysis. Since the contact behavior of a membrane at its interface with shotcrete is important for understanding the mechanism of the support it offers known as a shotcrete tunnel lining, modeling should adopt appropriate contact conditions. The numerical analysis identifies the suitability and contact conditions of the waterproof membrane in various conditions.

Bioengineered SDF-1a Analogue Delivered as an Angiogenic Therapy Significantly Normalizes Elastic and Viscoelastic Material Properties of Infarcted Cardiac Muscle

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alen Trubelja ◽  
John W. MacArthur ◽  
Joseph J. Sarver ◽  
Jeffrey E. Cohen ◽  
Yasuhiro Shudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Pump Efficiency

Heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, and coronary heart disease causes 1 of every 6 deaths in the United States [1]. Following a myocardial infarction, scar tissue gradually replaces myocardium that is lost through a process of collagen deposition and an increase in tensile strength of the tissue [2]. This leads to infarct expansion, adverse ventricular remodeling and dysfunction, and ultimately heart failure. Dilation of the left ventricle (LV) leads to increased LV wall stress and is ultimately responsible for adverse ventricular remodeling. LV dilation causes stretching and thereby increased wall stress, prohibiting cardiomyocytes from effectively contracting, which leads to further dilation, and ultimately a decrease in cardiac pump efficiency [3]. Previously, it has been shown that using a tissue filler to modify the material properties of an infarct limits the process of ventricular remodeling [4]. Angiogenesis is another mechanism by which adverse ventricular remodeling can be limited. Previously, our group developed engineered stromal cell-derived factor-1α (ESA), a computationally designed analog of an established endothelial progenitor cell chemokine, SDF-1α, and demonstrated that ESA injection enhances LV function by promoting angiogenesis and retains the native properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) [5] [6]. In this study, we propose that injection of ESA to infarcted cardiac muscle improves the tensile strength and viscoelastic properties of ventricular muscle.

Improvement of the Ductility of Press-Hardened Plane Sheets through a Modified Heat Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 639 ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Konrad ◽  
Peter Feuser
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Sheet Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Press Hardening

Tailored press-hardening processes are used to reduce both production costs and component weight. The aim of these development methods is to generate regions zones in the component with both high and low tensile strengths. The B-pillar, for instance, needs high tensile strength in the region of the roof frame to prevent deformation. However, the connection to the body should have lower tensile strength to absorb the energy of a crash.Regarding the production process for tailored welded blanks, the tailored press-hardening processes for monolithic sheets need no joining operation. As an addition to recent publications, this paper presents a modified tailored press-hardening process, with a modified time-temperature process. Starting from the required tailored material properties of the part, with a sheet thickness of 1.5 mm, research has been done on the process window and process design.This contribution concentrates on modifications to the time-temperature profile. After heating the hot-dip galvanized, heat-treatable 22MnB5 steel above its austenitic temperature, the aim is to adjust the material’s mechanical properties within the cooling process.Based on the continuous TTT diagram, the cooling rate has an impact on the material’s mechanical material properties. Different proportions of constituents such as Bainite, Ferrite or Perlite are created by varying the cooling rate. Furthermore, during an intermediate stage in the cooling-down period, the holding temperature has an even stronger effect on the material’s microstructural composition and the corresponding mechanical properties. The rate of the transformation process changes, depending on the intermediate temperature. The third parameter investigated is the holding time at this intermediate temperature. As the holding time is increased a transformation, progressing from austenite to other constituents, can be observed.The results of this parametric study could be transferred to a prototype environment.

Relationship Modeling between Tensile Strength of Steel Building and Temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 951-953
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Concrete Structure ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Steel Building

In certain high temperatures conditions, tensile strength of steel concrete varies due to changes in ambient temperature environments, which greatly influences structural characteristics and material properties. For this reason, relational model between reinforced tensile strength of building and temperature is proposed. Information of reinforced concrete structure collecting by ultrasonic sensors is processed to be anti-inference and build relationships employing PSO algorithm. Experimental results show that this model can be a good measure of property relationships between temperature and tensile strength of reinforced concrete structure.

Correlation of quantitative ultrasound measurements with material properties and bone mineral density in the equine metacarpus

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
G Whan ◽  
J Runciman ◽  
M Hurtig
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Ultrasound ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Metacarpal Bones

AbstractThis study explored the relationship between speed-of-sound (SOS) measurements and the material properties of metacarpal bones in order to validate a device that uses linear unicortical transmission of ultrasound. SOS, ultimate tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were determined at nine experimental sites. Measurements of SOS and bone mineral density were collected at three of the nine experimental sites. Twenty-five equine metacarpal (MC3) bones were used. Micro-computerized tomography was used to validate testing protocols. SOS measurements were highly site- and horse-dependent. One or more statistically significant correlations were found with ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and bone mineral density in four of the nine experimental sites. A previously described pattern of high lateral and medial cortical stiffness and SOS was found in the mid-diaphysis that correlated with bone mineral density (r2=0.25, P<0.01) and modulus of elasticity (r2=0.14, P<0.05). SOS and ultimate tensile strength correlated strongly in the distal dorsal metacarpus (r2=0.47, P<0.001). Lateral and medial distal-level sites just above the fetlock joint had a variable amount of cancellous bone, reducing the ultimate strength of these sites. The study indicates that quantitative ultrasound is sensitive to differences in the quality of equine metacarpal bone, so this technique may be useful for monitoring adaptation to exercise and bone development.

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