Pulse-Jet Baghouse Optimization in WTE: Meeting the Challenges of the Future

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Ladwig ◽  
Robin Linton
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Filter Element ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Initial Capital ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Fabric Filter ◽  
The Future ◽  
On Line ◽  
Pulse Jet

Like many coal-fired power plants today, the waste-to-energy (WTE) industry is faced with a number of challenges including the need to maximize plant output, lower outlet emissions and increase plant efficiencies. Within WTE, there’s also been a move from reverse-air baghouses to pulse-jet collectors due to lower initial capital costs and the ability to operate pulse-jet collectors at higher air-to-cloth ratios (3–4:1), allowing for a smaller housing footprint. However, the majority of today’s pulse-jet collectors utilize an off-line cleaning mode where modules are taken out of service and pulsed to lower the differential pressure. There are inherent advantages in switching from an off-line cleaning mode to an on-line cleaning mode. This paper discusses the idea of using the fabric filter as a damper and stabilizing draft through the baghouse and boiler. It also outlines the use of pleated filter element (PFE) technology to address increased production concerns, and the need for lower outlet emissions.

scholarly journals Conversion of an existing electrostatic precipitator casing to Pulse Jet Fabric filter in fossil power plants

DYNA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (195) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro ◽  
Javier Carrillo-Valle
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitator ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Fabric Filter ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Pulse Jet

The combustion process of power generation plants originates particulates. There are different technologies to collecting particulate such as electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) or fabric filters. Currently, these ESPs take 25 or 35 years in service and if the performance expectations of their Plants are positives, improving investments required which can adapt to the new particulate emission limits becoming more stringent. This paper analyzes an alternative means great savings in investment costs; Conversion of the existing ESP casing to a Pulse Jet fabric filter. This study also presents a real case, implementing this conversion with good results in unit of 660 MW power plants of Italy.

To MACT or Not to MACT: Mercury Emissions From Waste-to-Energy and Coal-Fired Power Plants

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolas J. Themelis ◽  
Nada Assaf-Anid
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Fabric Filter ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The U.S

During the combustion of fuel in Waste-to-Energy (WTE) and coal-fired power plants, all of the mercury input in the feed is volatilized. The primary forms of mercury in stack gas are elemental mercury (Hg0) and mercuric ions (Hg2+) that are predominantly found as mercuric chloride. The most efficient way to remove mercury from the combustion gases is by means of dry scrubbing, followed by activated carbon injection and a fabric filter baghouse. Back in 1988, the U.S. WTE power plants emitted about 90 tons of mercury (Hg). By 2003, implementation of the EPA Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards, at a cost of one billion dollars, reduced WTE mercury emissions to less than one ton of mercury. EPA now considers coal-fired power plants to be the largest remaining anthropogenic source of mercury emissions. Approximately 800 million short tons of coal, containing nearly 80 short tons of Hg are combusted annually in the U.S. for electricity production. About 40% of this amount is presently captured in the gas control systems of coal-fired utilities. Since the concentration of mercury in U.S. coal is ten times lower than in the MSW feed and the volume of gas to be cleaned 55 times higher, the cost of implementing MACT by the U.S. coal-fired utilities is estimated to be about $25 billion. However, when this retrofit cost is compared to the total capital investment and revenues of the two industries, it is concluded that MACT should be affordable. Per kilogram of mercury to be captured, the cost of MACT implementation by the utilities will be twenty times higher than was for the WTE industry. However, implementation of MACT by the utilities will also reduce the emissions of other gaseous contaminants and of particulate matter.

2003 Upgrades at the GVRD Waste-to-Energy Facility

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Richter
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Saturation Temperature ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Fabric Filter ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
Recycle Paper ◽  
Reverse Pulse ◽  
Pulse Jet

Montenay Inc. has operated the Greater Vancouver Regional District’s (GVRD) Waste-to-Energy Facility since it began commercial operation in 1988. The facility has a throughput of 720 tonnes (800 tons) per day in three lines. It utilizes Martin grate technology and dry lime injection with a reverse pulse jet fabric filter. The original facility design did not include a steam turbogenerator for energy recovery. The facility produced process steam at near saturation temperature to supply a recycle paper mill. The aging mill has reduced the fraction of steam used in recent years. This caused the GVRD and Montenay Inc. to cooperate in a major facility upgrade that began in 2001 and was completed in August of 2003. The complete project includes a turbogenerator, major boiler improvements and modernization of the boiler controls, while continuing to service the recycle paper mill.

Analysis of Boiler Fouling and Boiler Cleaning Methods at the Commerce Refuse-to-Energy Facility

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
On Line ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cleaning Methods

Waste-to-energy boiler fire-side fouling is a major operational issue for many facilities, including the Commerce Refuse-to-Energy Facility. The Commerce Refuse-to-Energy Facility is a 350 ton per day, mass burn waterwall facility that began operation in 1987. Fouling occurs throughout the convection sections with the highest differential pressure occurring across the generating bank. Flue gas differential pressures and temperatures have been tracked and analyzed at the facility for approximately ten years during various operating conditions. It has been determined that the rate of increase of the differential pressure across the generating bank is correlated with flue gas temperature and the extent of fouling. Several different cleaning methods have been used to clear the convection zone of ash deposits, including off-line hydroblasting, on-line hydroblasting, on-line explosives cleaning, sootblowers and sonic horns. Better understanding of the fouling trends and evaluation of cleaning methods has led the facility to use a combination of on-line hydroblasting and explosives cleaning and off-line hydroblasting. The facility is now able to operate one year between planned outages, compared to ten weeks during the initial operation of the facility. Additional savings have also been achieved by reducing induced draft fan load, and possibly a reduction in tube wastage.

Improving the efficiency and reliability of electric power generation at incineration plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
A. V. Martynov ◽  
N. E. Kutko
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Working Medium ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Working Media ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability

The article deals with the problem of waste disposal and, accordingly, landfills in the Moscow Region, which have now become the number 1 problem for the environment in Moscow and the Moscow Region. To solve this problem, incineration plants (IP) will be established in the near future. 4 plants will be located in the Moscow Region that will be able to eliminate 2800 thousand tons of waste per year. Burning of waste results in formation of slag making 25% of its volume, which has a very high temperature (1300.1500°C). An arrangement is considered, in which slag is sent to a water bath and heats the water to 50.90°C. This temperature is sufficient to evaporate any low-temperature substance (freons, limiting hydrocarbons, etc.), whereupon the steam of the low-temperature working medium is sent to a turbine, which produces additional electricity. The creation of a low-temperature thermal power plant (TPP) increases the reliability of electricity generation at the IP. The operation of low-temperature TPPs due to the heat of slag is very efficient, their efficiency factor being as high as 40.60%. In addition to the efficiency of TPPs, capital costs for the creation of additional devices at the IP are of great importance. Thermal power plants operating on slag are just such additional devices, so it is necessary to minimize the capital costs of their creation. In addition to equipment for the operation of TPPs, it is necessary to have a working medium in an amount determined by calculations. From the wide variety of working media, which are considered in the article, it is necessary to choose the substance with the lowest cost.

Research Situation Analysis of On-line Detection Technology for Power Transformer Winding Deformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-832
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Li ◽  
Weihui Jiang ◽  
Li Qiu ◽  
Zhenxing Li ◽  
Yanchun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Detection Method ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Line Detection ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
The Future ◽  
Transformer Winding ◽  
On Line ◽  
Winding Deformation

Background: Winding deformation is one of the most common faults in power transformers, which seriously threatens the safe operation of transformers. In order to discover the hidden trouble of transformer in time, it is of great significance to actively carry out the research of transformer winding deformation detection technology. Methods: In this paper, several methods of winding deformation detection with on-line detection prospects are summarized. The principles and characteristics of each method are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method as well as the future research directions are expounded. Finally, aiming at the existing problems, the development direction of detection method for winding deformation in the future is prospected. Results: The on-line frequency response analysis method is still immature, and the vibration detection method is still in the theoretical research stage. Conclusion: The ΔV − I1 locus method provides a new direction for on-line detection of transformer winding deformation faults, which has certain application prospects and practical engineering value.

scholarly journals Musings on the future of scientific (physical but not socially distanced) conferences: testing the water with organizing the on-line MicroTAS2020

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-993
Author(s):  
Séverine Le Gac ◽  
Hang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
The Future ◽  
On Line

The purpose of this article is to reflect on and share our on-line MicroTAS2020 adventure and our view on new opportunities and best practices, and hopefully prompt the community to contribute to the conversations about how we move forward in the post-pandemic world.

scholarly journals Using CO2 as a Cooling Fluid for Power Plants: A Novel Approach for CO2 Storage and Utilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4974
Author(s):  
Tran X. Phuoc ◽  
Mehrdad Massoudi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Saturated Vapor ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Cooling Fluid ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Power Plant Cooling

To our knowledge, the potential use of CO2 as a heat-transmitting fluid for cooling applications in power plants has not been explored very extensively. In this paper, we conduct a theoretical analysis to explore the use of CO2 as the heat transmission fluid. We evaluate and compare the thermophysical properties of both dry air and CO2 and perform a simple analysis on a steam-condensing device where steam flows through one of the flow paths and the cooling fluid (CO2 or air) is expanded from a high-pressure container and flows through the other. Sample calculations are carried out for a saturated-vapor steam at 0.008 MPa and 41.5 °C with the mass flow rate of 0.01 kg/s. The pressure of the storage container ranges from 1 to 5 MPa, and its temperature is kept at 35 °C. The pressure of the cooling fluid (CO2 or dry air) is set at 0.1 MPa. With air as the heat-removing fluid, the steam exits the condensing device as a vapor-liquid steam of 53% to 10% vapor for the container pressure of 1 to 5 MPa. With CO2 as the heat-removing fluid, the steam exits the device still containing 44% and 7% vapor for the container pressure of 1 MPa and 2 MPa, respectively. For the container pressure of 3 MPa and higher, the steam exits the device as a single-phase saturated liquid. Thus, due to its excellent Joule–Thomson cooling effect and heat capacity, CO2 is a better fluid for power plant cooling applications. The condensing surface area is also estimated, and the results show that when CO2 is used, the condensing surface is 50% to 60% less than that when dry air is used. This leads to significant reductions in the condenser size and the capital costs. A rough estimate of the amount of CO2 that can be stored and utilized is also carried out for a steam power plant which operates with steam with a temperature of 540 °C (813 K) and a pressure of 10 MPa at the turbine inlet and saturated-vapor steam at 0.008 MPa at the turbine outlet. The results indicate that if CO2 is used as a cooling fluid, CO2 emitted from a 1000 MW power plant during a period of 250 days could be stored and utilized.

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