Novel Biomimetic Scaffold for Tendon/Ligament Tissue Engineering

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Allee ◽  
Wan-Ju Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Tissue Mechanics ◽  
High Voltage Power Supply ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Ligament Tissue Engineering

An emerging approach to repair and replace a great number of the ligament and tendon injuries that occur each year is the use of tissue engineering principles to fabricate replacement tissues. One of the current challenges in tendon/ligament tissue engineering is fabricating scaffolds that possess both the proper mechanical and biological properties. A promising strategy to produce such scaffolds is electrospinning. Electrospinning uses a high-voltage power supply to draw viscous polymer solutions into ultra-fine fibers with nanometer-scale diameters, thus structurally mimicking native extracellular matrix components, such as collagen fibrils. Nano-scale fibers have been previously shown to enhance cellular proliferation, as well as stimulate cells to maintain morphology and phenotype when compared to scaffolds composed of larger fibers [1]. Furthermore, electrospinning provides researchers the flexibility of fabricating aligned scaffolds with isotropic mechanical properties to mimic native tissue mechanics [2]. However, scaffolds composed of aligned electrospun nanofibers often do not possess the elasticity and tensile strength required to properly carry out the mechanical function of tendon/ligament tissues. One approach that has been used to enhance mechanical properties of fibrous scaffolds is to weave multiple fibrous bundles into a braided scaffold. [3]. In this study, we fabricated a novel tendon/ligament tissue engineering scaffold that combines enhanced biological properties of electrospun scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties through braiding. Furthermore, our approach offers the versatility to tailor tensile strength and elasticity of the braided scaffolds simply by varying the pattern of braiding, making it possible for researchers to construct tendon/ligament scaffolds with various mechanical properties.

Hybrid nanostructured hydroxyapatite–chitosan composite scaffold: bioinspired fabrication, mechanical properties and biological properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (23) ◽  
pp. 4679-4689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ping Guo ◽  
Jun-Jie Guan ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Chang-Qing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chitosan Composite

A bioinspired strategy has been developed to fabricate a hybrid nanostructured hydroxyapatite–chitosan composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Additive manufacturing of PLA-based scaffolds intended for bone regeneration and strategies to improve their biological properties

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 571-599
Author(s):  
Ricardo Donate ◽  
Mario Monzón ◽  
María Elena Alemán-Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Bone Scaffolds ◽  
Regeneration Of Bone

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most commonly used materials in the biomedical sector because of its processability, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Among the different techniques that are feasible to process this biomaterial, additive manufacturing (AM) has gained attention recently, as it provides the possibility of tuning the design of the structures. This flexibility in the design stage allows the customization of the parts in order to optimize their use in the tissue engineering field. In the recent years, the application of PLA for the manufacture of bone scaffolds has been especially relevant, since numerous studies have proven the potential of this biomaterial for bone regeneration. This review contains a description of the specific requirements in the regeneration of bone and how the state of the art have tried to address them with different strategies to develop PLA-based scaffolds by AM techniques and with improved biofunctionality.

scholarly journals Biological and Mechanical Properties of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membranes after Thermal Manipulation and Preparation in a Single-Syringe Closed System

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorottya Kardos ◽  
István Hornyák ◽  
Melinda Simon ◽  
Adél Hinsenkamp ◽  
Bence Marschall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Handling Characteristics ◽  
Freeze Dried

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane is a three-dimensional biodegradable biopolymer, which consists of platelet derived growth factors enhancing cell adhesion and proliferation. It is widely used in soft and hard tissue regeneration, however, there are unresolved problems with its clinical application. Its preparation needs open handling of the membranes, it degrades easily, and it has a low tensile strength which does not hold a suture blocking wider clinical applications of PRF. Our aim was to produce a sterile, suturable, reproducible PRF membrane suitable for surgical intervention. We compared the biological and mechanical properties of PRF membranes created by the classical glass-tube and those that were created in a single-syringe closed system (hypACT Inject), which allowed aseptic preparation. HypACT Inject device produces a PRF membrane with better handling characteristics without compromising biological properties. Freeze-thawing resulted in significantly higher tensile strength and higher cell adhesion at a lower degradation rate of the membranes. Mesenchymal stem cells seeded onto PRF membranes readily proliferated on the surface of fresh, but even better on freeze/thawed or freeze-dried membranes. These data show that PRF membranes can be made sterile, more uniform and significantly stronger which makes it possible to use them as suturable surgical membranes.

scholarly journals Porous Cellulose-Collagen Scaffolds For Soft Tissue Regeneration: Influence of Cellulose Derivatives On Mechanical Properties And Compatibility With Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Kacvinská ◽  
Martina Trávničková ◽  
Lucy Vojtová ◽  
Petr Poláček ◽  
Jana Dorazilová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Soft Tissue Regeneration

Abstract This study deals with cellulose derivatives in relation to the collagen fibrils in composite collagen-cellulose scaffolds for soft tissue engineering. Two types of cellulose, i.e., oxidized cellulose (OC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), were blended with collagen (Col) to enhance its elasticity, stability and sorptive biological properties, e.g. hemostatic and antibacterial features. The addition of OC supported the resistivity of the Col fibrils in a dry environment, while in a moist environment OC caused a radical drop. The addition of CMC reduced the mechanical strength of the Col fibrils in both environments. The elongation of the Col fibrils was increased by both types of cellulose derivatives in both environments, which is closely related to tissue like behaviour. In these various mechanical environments, the ability of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) to adhere and proliferate was significantly greater in the Col and Col/OC scaffolds than in the Col/CMC scaffold. This is explained by deficient mechanical support and loss of stiffness due to the high swelling capacity of CMC. Although Col/OC and Col/CMC acted differently in terms of mechanical properties, both materials were observed to be cytocompatible, with varying degrees of further support for cell adhesion and proliferation. While Col/OC can serve as a scaffolding material for vascular tissue engineering and for skin tissue engineering, Col/CMC seems to be more suitable for moist wound healing, e.g. as a mucoadhesive gel for exudate removal, since there was almost no cell adhesion.

scholarly journals Effects of Gelatin Methacrylate Bio-ink Concentration on Mechano-Physical Properties and Human Dermal Fibroblast Behavior

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-You Shie ◽  
Jian-Jr Lee ◽  
Chia-Che Ho ◽  
Ssu-Yin Yen ◽  
Hooi Yee Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Human Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Proliferation Markers

Gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMa) is a very versatile biomaterial widely used in various biomedical applications. The addition of methacryloyl makes it possible to have hydrogels with varying mechanical properties due to its photocuring characteristics. In addition, gelatin is obtained and derived from natural material; thus, it retains various cell-friendly motifs, such as arginine-glycine-aspartic acid, which then provides implanted cells with a friendly environment for proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we fabricated human dermal fibroblast cell (hDF)-laden photocurable GelMa hydrogels with varying physical properties (5%, 10%, and 15%) and assessed them for cellular responses and behavior, including cell spreading, proliferation, and the degree of extracellular matrix remodeling. Under similar photocuring conditions, lower concentrations of GelMa hydrogels had lower mechanical properties than higher concentrations. Furthermore, other properties, such as swelling and degradation, were compared in this study. In addition, our findings revealed that there were increased remodeling and proliferation markers in the 5% GelMa group, which had lower mechanical properties. However, it was important to note that cellular viabilities were not affected by the stiffness of the hydrogels. With this result in mind, we attempted to fabricate 5–15% GelMa scaffolds (20 × 20 × 3 mm3) to assess their feasibility for use in skin regeneration applications. The results showed that both 10% and 15% GelMa scaffolds could be fabricated easily at room temperature by adjusting several parameters, such as printing speed and extrusion pressure. However, since the sol-gel temperature of 5% GelMa was noted to be lower than its counterparts, 5% GelMa scaffolds had to be printed at low temperatures. In conclusion, GelMa once again was shown to be an ideal biomaterial for various tissue engineering applications due to its versatile mechanical and biological properties. This study showed the feasibility of GelMa in skin tissue engineering and its potential as an alternative for skin transplants.

scholarly journals Influence of Topography on 3D printed Titanium Foot and Ankle Implants

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0001
Author(s):  
Bijan Abar ◽  
Cambre N. Kelly ◽  
Nicholas B. Allen ◽  
Helena Barber ◽  
Alexander P. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Osseous Integration ◽  
3D Printed

Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics; Ankle; Trauma Introduction/Purpose Foot and ankle etiologies such as traumatic fractures, Charcot Arthropathy, nonunion after high risk arthrodesis and infectious debridement can result in critical sized bone defect (CSD). CSD is defined as bone loss greater than 1-2 cm in length or greater than 50% loss in circumference of bone. CSD remain a significant challenge in Orthopaedics. Custom 3D printed porous Titanium implants are currently being implemented when allograft is not an option. However, in a subset of cases, Titanium implants need to be removed due to infection or poor osseous integration where surrounding bone does not grow onto or through the scaffold. There is no one clear reason for poor osseous integration. This study explores effects of 3D printed topography on mechanical and biological properties. Methods: Titanium dog bones and discs were printed via laser powder bed fusion. Roughness groups were polished, blasted, as built, sprouts and rough sprouts. Roughness was measured with line measurement using a confocal microscope. To assess mechanical properties, tensile testing of samples from each roughness group produced stress strain curves. MC3T3 preosteoblast were seeded on discs. Samples were analyzed at 0, 2, and 4 weeks. A cell viability assay and confocal florescent microscopy assessed cell growth. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) assay and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) examined cell differentiation. Extracellular matrix (ECM) was stained for collagen and calcium. Scanning Electron Microcopy (SEM) was done on sputter coated discs. Results: Rz, maximum peak to valley distance of the sample profile, for the polished, blasted, as built, sprouts and rough sprouts were 2.6, 22.6, 33.0, 41.4 and 65.1 µm respectively. The addition of printed roughness in the sprouts and rough sprouts group significantly diminished ductility resulting in early strain to failure during tensile testing. Cells adhered and proliferated on discs regardless of roughness group. There was no statically difference in ALP activity, but qPCR showed that rough groups (sprouts and rough sprouts) had diminished Osteocalcin gene expression at week 2 and 4. The ECM observed with SEM in the rough groups was more resistant to repeated washes and was more extensive compared to the less rough groups. Conclusion: The addition of 3D printed artificial roughness leads to inferior mechanical properties and confers no clear benefit regarding cellular proliferation. Printed topography increases the initiation of fractures resulting in diminished tensile strength and ductility. Concurrently, the resolution of LBF is not fine enough at this time to create surface features that enhance cell behavior. Therefore, data in this study suggest that artificially printing roughness is not an effective strategy to enhance osseous integration into Titanium implants for critical sized defects.

Herbally Painted Biofunctional Scaffolds with Improved Osteoinductivity for Bone Tissue Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivaji Kashte ◽  
Gajanan Arbade ◽  
R.K. Sharma ◽  
Sachin Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Alizarin Red

In the bone tissue engineering composite scaffolds with osteogenic potential are emerging as the new tool. Here, we investigated the graphene (GP), graphene oxide (GO) andCissusquadrangularis(CQ) callus extract for their spontaneous osteoinductive potential. Electrospun poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) sheets were painted with varying combination GP, GO and CQ solutions as ink. The prepared PCL-GO, PCL-GO-CQ, PCL-GP and PCL-GP-CQ scaffolds were characterized for their physical, mechanical and biological properties. Addition of GO, GP, GO-CQ and GP-CQ to PCL enhanced roughness, wettability, Yield strength and tensile strength, biocompatibility .significantly. Presence of GO and CQ in PCL-GO-CQ scaffolds, while GP and CQ in PCL-GP-CQ scaffolds showed synergistic effect on the biocompatibility, Cell attachment,cell proliferation of human umbilical Wharton’s jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and their differentiation into osteoblasts by 21stday in culture without osteogenic differentiation media or any growth factors. Same is confirmed by the Alizarin red S staining and Von kossa staining. The combination of PCL-GO-CQ scaffold prepared by novel paint method was found to be the most potential in bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals TiO2 doped chitosan/hydroxyapatite/halloysite nanotube membranes with enhanced mechanical properties and osteoblast-like cell response for application in bone tissue engineering

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (68) ◽  
pp. 39768-39779
Author(s):  
Sarim Khan ◽  
Viney Kumar ◽  
Partha Roy ◽  
Patit Paban Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Halloysite Nanotube ◽  
Nanotube Membranes ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Composite

This two-stage study aims to optimize the amount of halloysite nanotubes and TiO2 in a chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite composite to tailor the mechanical and biological properties for application in bone tissue engineering.

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