scholarly journals Balance and Coordination Proficiency of Age-Matched Male and Female Children and Adolescents With Intellectual Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Pitetti ◽  
Ruth Ann Miller ◽  
E. Michael Loovis
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Motor Proficiency ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Bilateral Coordination ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Limb Coordination ◽  
Female Children

Male youth (8–18 years) with intellectual disability (ID) demonstrate motor proficiency below age-related competence capacities for typically developing youth. Whether below-criteria motor proficiency also exists for females with ID is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine if sex-specific differences exist in motor proficiency for youth with ID. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency was used to measure motor proficiency: six items for upper limb coordination, seven items for balance, and six items for bilateral coordination. One hundred and seventy-two (172) males and 85 females with ID but without Down syndrome were divided into five age groups for comparative purposes: 8–10, 11–12, 13–14, 15–16, and 17–21 years. Males scored sufficiently higher than females to suggest that sex data should not be combined to established Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency standards for upper limb coordination, balance, and bilateral coordination subtests.

Comparing Motor Competence of Sex- and Age-Matched Youth With Intellectual Disability From Brazil and the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-440
Author(s):  
Fabio Bertapelli ◽  
Ken Pitetti ◽  
Ruth A. Miller ◽  
Adam Jaeger ◽  
Michael Loovis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
The United States ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Motor Proficiency ◽  
Bilateral Coordination ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Limb Coordination

Youth with intellectual disabilities (IDs) demonstrate below-criteria motor competence (MC) compared with typically developing (TD) youth. Whether differences in MC exist for youth with ID from different countries is unknown. This study examined the MC of youth with ID from Brazil (BR) and the United States (US) and compared it with norms for TD youth as established by the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2). The authors measured 19 BOT-2 test items for bilateral coordination, balance, and upper limb coordination of 502 youth (BR = 252, US = 250) with ID (6–21 years). Raw scores were converted to %ceiling (percentile of highest expected scores). For all test items, no significant differences were seen between BR and US participants in %ceiling scores. Participants from both countries demonstrated equivalent to slightly below BOT-2 norms in 14 of the 19 test items, with lowest scores seen in contralateral synchronizing bilateral coordination, balancing on one leg, and ball handling.

scholarly journals Quantitative investigations of different vaccination policies for the control of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the United Kingdom

1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Anderson ◽  
B. T. Grenfell
Keyword(s):  
Young Male ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Female Children

SUMMARYThe paper examines predictions of the impact of various one-, two- and three-stage vaccination policies on the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the United Kingdom with the aid of a mathematical model of the transmission dynamics of rubella virus. Parameter estimates for the model are derived from either serological data or case notifications, and special attention is given to the significance of age-related changes in the rate of exposure to rubella infection and heterogeneous mixing between age groups. Where possible, model predictions are compared with observed epidemiological trends.The principal conclusion of the analyses is that benefit is to be gained in the UK, both in the short and long term, by the introduction of a multiple-stage vaccination policy involving high levels of vaccination coverage of young male and female children (at around two years of age) and teenage girls (between the ages of 10–15 years), plus continued surveillance and vaccination of adult women in the child-bearing age classes. Model predictions suggest that to reduce the incidence of CRS in future years, below the level generated by a continuation of the current UK policy (the vaccination of teenage girls), would require high rates of vaccination > 60%) of both boys and girls at around two years of age. Numerical studies also suggest that uniform vaccination coverage levels of greater than 80–85% of young male and female children could, in the long term (40 years or more), eradicate rubella virus from the population. The robustness of these conclusions with respect to the accuracy of parameter estimates and various assumptions concerning the pattern of age-related change in exposure to infections and ‘who acquires infection from whom’ is discussed.

Lexical decision task for taxonomic and thematic categorization in typically developing Kannada-English-speaking bilingual children

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Nanjappa ◽  
Sandra Sebastian ◽  
M.S. Deepa
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Taxonomic Relation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Children ◽  
English Speaking

AbstractThe present study investigated the association between the taxonomic, thematic and combined (taxonomic-thematic) conditions during the lexical decision task in Kannada-English speaking bilingual children. Further, the study explored the nature of categorization skills in typically developing Kannada-English speaking bilingual children with respect to the taxonomy and thematic aspects across gender.Considered for the study were 20 preschool children including ten boys and ten girls in the age range of 4–5 years. A total of 50 pictures, including ten target, ten taxonomically related, ten thematically related and 20 distracters were taken from an internet source. Three tasks were introduced to examine the association of the pictures based on taxonomic, thematic and combined conditions. For the first and second task (considered as Experiment I), the children were expected to relate pictures based on taxonomic relationship followed by thematic relationship in the second task. For the final task (Experiment II), both relationships (taxonomic and thematic) were given for each target picture, and the children were expected to relate it with either one of them. Responses were scored and statistically analyzed.There was a significant difference in the performances between male and female children for the taxonomic condition but not for the other two tasks (i.e. thematic and combined conditions). The comparison across three conditions revealed that the performance of those children varied between the conditions. Further, on pair-wise comparison, there was a significant difference for both combined-thematic and combined-taxonomic conditions but not for taxonomic and thematic conditions.The study supports the phenomenon of “thematic to taxonomic shift”, which is found to be emerging in pre-school children. This occurs differently among male and female children. The preferences of thematic relation as opposed to taxonomic relation is highlighted in the present study.

scholarly journals The effect of macroeconomic variables on suicide

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL BERK ◽  
SEETAL DODD ◽  
MARGARET HENRY
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Loan Interest Rates

Background. There are a large number of factors mediating suicide. Many studies have searched for a direct causal relationship between economic hardship and suicide, however, findings have been varied.Method. Suicide data was obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics for the period between January 1968 and August 2002. These were correlated with a suite of macroeconomic data including housing loan interest rates, unemployment rates, days lost to industrial disputes, Consumer Price Index, gross domestic product, and the Consumer Sentiment Index.Results. A total of 51845 males and 16327 females committed suicide between these dates. There were significant associations between suicide rates and eleven macroeconomic indicators for both genders in at least one age range. Data was divided into male and female and five age ranges and pooled ages. Analyses were conducted on these 132 datasets resulting in 80 significant findings. The data was generally stronger for indices measuring economic performance than indices measuring consumers' perceptions of the state of the economy. A striking difference between male and female trends was seen. Generally, male suicide rates increased with markers of economic adversity, while the opposite pattern was seen in females. There were significantly different patterns in age-stratified data, with for example higher housing loan interest rates having a positive association with suicide in younger people and a negative association in older age groups.Conclusion. Macroeconomic trends are significantly associated with suicide. The patterns in males and females are very different, and there are further substantial age-related differences.

scholarly journals Percentile curves for Brazilian children evaluated with the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd edition

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Ferreira ◽  
José Luiz Lopes Vieira ◽  
Francielli Ferreira da Rocha ◽  
Pamela Norraila da Silva ◽  
Francielle Cheuczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Motor Proficiency ◽  
Percentile Curves ◽  
Limb Coordination ◽  
Brazilian Children

Abstract This study aimed to (1) create percentile curves and norms for the eight subtests of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd edition (BOT-2) for 6- to 10-year-old Brazilian children and to (2) compare them to the values of the original test manual. To that, we tested a sample of 931 Brazilian children (477 girls, 454 boys) with ages between 6 to 10 with the BOT-2 assessment. The LMS method was used to generate the percentile curves and normative values, with the LMSchartmaker Pro software version 2.54. Results demonstrate that girls had significantly higher scores for the fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity and balance subtests, while boys had significantly higher scores on upper-limb coordination, running speed and agility, and the strength subtests. The findings also indicated higher values for the Brazilian group in the subtests of bilateral coordination, running speed and agility, balance, and upper-limb coordination when compared to the North American normative sample. The percentile curves illustrate the increase in motor proficiency levels as age increases, with different trajectories for each subtest. Future studies should continue the investigation of cultural norms and appropriate assessments for the Brazilian population. Here, the creation of percentile curves and norms that are better suited for the Brazilian population can significantly help with assessment and intervention for motor development in distinct settings and with typical and atypical school-age children.

Patterns and Management of Fractures of Long Bones: A Study of the Ancient Population of Saqqara, Egypt

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 133-156
Author(s):  
Iwona Kozieradzka-Ogunmakin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ancient Population ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Location Type

A skeletal collection from 105 burials excavated at the Old Kingdom and Ptolemaic Period cemetery in Saqqara, Egypt, was investigated for evidence of ante-mortem fractures of long bones. The collection comprised 57 males, 30 females, 14 unsexed sub-adults, and 4 unsexed mature individuals. The majority of the skeletons were complete or almost complete, despite the disturbance caused by tomb looters in antiquity. Fractures were recorded by bone, side, location, type and state of healing. The prevalence of fractures was calculated in male and female populations, as well as in individual age groups. The state of healing of the fractures was examined in order to investigate the possibility of medical treatment provided. No evidence of fractures was recorded in subadults. Evidence of single fractures were found in fourteen adults, and a further five individuals sustained two fractures to different bones of the upper limb. The frequency of fractures by bone count was the highest among the Middle and Old Adults. Fractures to the radius (37.5%) and the ulna (33.3%) were the most common, while no fractures were recorded in the tibia. Angulation, rotation and shortening were observed among the healed bones.

scholarly journals The effect of smiling on the perceived age of male and female faces across the lifespan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzvi Ganel ◽  
Melvyn A. Goodale
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Face ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Perceived Age ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

AbstractPrevious research has shown an unintuitive effect of facial expression on perceived age: smiling faces are perceived as older compared to neutral faces of the same people. The aging effect of smiling (AES), which is thought to result from the presence of smile-related wrinkles around the eyes, contradicts the common belief that smiling faces should be perceived as younger, not older. Previous research, however, has focused on faces of young adults, where the absence of inherent, age-related wrinkles and other age signs is offset by the weight of the smile-related wrinkles. In a series of experiments, we tested whether the AES extends to male and female faces in older age groups. We replicated the AES in young adults (20–39) and showed that it disappeared in older adults (60–79) of both genders. For photos of middle-aged adults (40–59), however, AES was found only for male, but not for female faces, who showed fewer and less prominent smile-related wrinkles. The results suggest that a person’s apparent age is perceived in a holistic manner in which age-related cues in the region of the eyes are weighted against age cues in other regions of the face.

scholarly journals SEX AND AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN PERFORMANCE IN THE DUATHLON WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
Oscar Romero-Ramos ◽  
Emilio Fernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Daniel Mayorga-Vega ◽  
Rafael Merino-Marbán ◽  
Robert Podstawski
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Retrospective Comparative Study

ABSTRACT Objective Our study analyses differences in performance between sexes, and changes in performance between age groups at Olympic distance during the ITU Duathlon World Championships, held between 2005 and 2016. During this period, a total of 9,772 duathletes were analysed (6,739 men and 3,033 women). Methods Two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine sex- and age-related differences in performance (time, percentage of time and performance ratio) in the first running and cycling legs, the second running leg, and total race for the top 10 male and female athletes in each age group at the Duathlon World Championships. Results The age group with the highest participation, in both male and female categories, was 40-44 years, and it was found that the mean age of female finisher participants across all age groups was 23.5±12. With regards to performance, the best results for total race time and the cycling segment were achieved in the 30-34-year age group, for both male and female athletes. With regards to performance in the first and third segments (running legs), the best times were achieved in the 25-29 and 30-34 age groups, for men and women respectively. Conclusion According to the results of our study, the best results in the professional career of a duathlete are achieved at between 30 and 35 years, therefore the athlete should incorporate this factor into their training plan. Level of evidence III; Retrospective comparative study.

Balance and Coordination Capacities of Male Children and Adolescents With Intellectual Disability

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Pitetti ◽  
Ruth Ann Miller ◽  
Michael Loovis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Motor Proficiency ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Limb Coordination ◽  
Health Related

Children and adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) exhibit a mixture of cognitive, motor, and psychosocial limitation. Identifying specific inadequacies in motor proficiency in youth with ID would improve therapeutic management to enhance functional capacity and health-related physical activity. The purpose of this study was to initiate descriptive data collection of gross motor skills of youth with ID and compare those skills with competency norms. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) was used to measure 6 items for balance (BAL), 5 items for upper limb coordination (ULC), and 6 items for bilateral coordination (BLC) of 123 males (ages 8–18) with ID but without Down syndrome. The authors performed 2,840 assessments (10–32 for each item); 944, 985, and 913 for BAL, ULC, and BLC, respectively. Mean scores for all age groups for BAL, ULC, and BLC were consistently below BOT-2 criteria. Overall motor skills of males with ID are below the competence expected for children and adolescents without disabilities.

Benchmarking Typically Developing Children’s Prosodic Performance on the Irish-English Version of the Profiling Elements of Prosody in Speech-Communication (PEPS-C)

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-40
Author(s):  
Michelle Foley ◽  
Fiona E. Gibbon ◽  
Susan Peppé
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chance Level ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
English Version ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Objective: To develop the Irish-English version of the Profiling Elements of Prosody in Speech-Communication (PEPS-C) assessment, identify the normal prosodic performance of typically developing children aged 5–11 years on the PEPS-C assessment, and identify significant age-related changes between different age groups. Method: Thirty typically developing children between the ages of 5;9 and 11;1 years completed the PEPS-C assessment, which involved both receptive and expressive tasks. Results: Significant differences were found between the youngest group’s prosodic performance and the two older groups. The 5- to 6-year-old age group performed less well than the 10- to 11-year-old age group (p < 0.05). The 10- to 11-year-old age group performed above chance level on all prosodic tasks. Conclusion: While 5- and 6-year-old children have acquired some functional prosodic skills, there are further developments between the ages of 5;9 and 9;5, with some aspects of prosody continuing to develop up to 11 years.

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