Kinesthetic Ability in Children with Spastic Hemiplegia

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos K. Chrysagis ◽  
Emmanouil K. Skordilis ◽  
Dimitra Koutsouki ◽  
Elizabeth Evans
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽  
Affected Side ◽  
Spastic Hemiplegia ◽  
Group A ◽  
Dominant Side

The purpose was to examine the differences in kinesthetic ability, at the elbow joint, between children with (n = 15) and without (n = 15) spastic hemiplegia. The Kin Com 125 AP isokinetic dynamometer Configuration Chattanooga was used. Results revealed significant (p < .05) interaction between participant groups and side which was a repeated measures factor (nonaffected side for CP group and dominant side for nonCP group vs. affected side for CP and nondominant side for nonCP group) with respect to the passive reproduction of movement (PRM) and detection of passive movement (DPM). The interaction was attributed to the kinesthetic deficits of the hemiplegic participants compared to the control group. A significant relationship was found between the level of spasticity and PRM scores.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF FORM-FOCUSED PRACTICE AND FEEDBACK ON CHINESE EFL LEARNERS’ ACQUISITION OF REGULAR AND IRREGULAR PAST TENSE FORMS

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingli Yang ◽  
Roy Lyster
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chinese Learners ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Improving Accuracy ◽  
The University ◽  
Post Hoc

Conducted in English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) classrooms at the university level in China, this quasi-experimental study compared the effects of three different corrective feedback treatments on 72 Chinese learners’ use of regular and irregular English past tense. Three classes were randomly assigned to a prompt group, a recast group, or a control group and then participated in form-focused production activities that elicited the target forms. In the two feedback groups, teachers consistently provided one type of feedback (i.e., either recasts or prompts) in response to learners’ errors during the activities, whereas in the control group, the teacher provided feedback only on content. Pretests, immediate posttests, and delayed posttests administered 2 weeks after the treatment assessed participants’ acquisition of regular and irregular past tense forms in both oral and written production. Comparisons of group means across testing sessions using a repeated-measures ANOVA consistently revealed large effects for time. Post hoc within-group analyses of the eight immediate- and delayed-posttest measures revealed significant gains by the prompt group on all eight measures, the recast group on four, and the control group on three. The effects of prompts were larger than those of recasts for increasing accuracy in the use of regular past tense forms, whereas prompts and recasts had similar effects on improving accuracy in the use of irregular past tense forms.

Animal-Assisted Therapy in Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathie M. Cole ◽  
Anna Gawlinski ◽  
Neil Steers ◽  
Jenny Kotlerman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Animal Assisted Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure ◽  
Therapy Dog ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
Group A

Background Animal-assisted therapy improves physiological and psychosocial variables in healthy and hypertensive patients. Objectives To determine whether a 12-minute hospital visit with a therapy dog improves hemodynamic measures, lowers neurohormone levels, and decreases state anxiety in patients with advanced heart failure. Methods A 3-group randomized repeated-measures experimental design was used in 76 adults. Longitudinal analysis was used to model differences among the 3 groups at 3 times. One group received a 12-minute visit from a volunteer with a therapy dog; another group, a 12-minute visit from a volunteer; and the control group, usual care. Data were collected at baseline, at 8 minutes, and at 16 minutes. Results Compared with controls, the volunteer-dog group had significantly greater decreases in systolic pulmonary artery pressure during (−4.32 mm Hg, P = .03) and after (−5.78 mm Hg, P = .001) and in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during (−2.74 mm Hg, P = .01) and after (−4.31 mm Hg, P = .001) the intervention. Compared with the volunteer-only group, the volunteer-dog group had significantly greater decreases in epinephrine levels during (−15.86 pg/mL, P = .04) and after (−17.54 pg/mL, P = .04) and in norepinephrine levels during (−232.36 pg/mL, P = .02) and after (−240.14 pg/mL, P = .02) the intervention. After the intervention, the volunteer-dog group had the greatest decrease from baseline in state anxiety sum score compared with the volunteer-only (−6.65 units, P =.002) and the control groups (−9.13 units, P &lt; .001). Conclusions Animal-assisted therapy improves cardiopulmonary pressures, neurohormone levels, and anxiety in patients hospitalized with heart failure.

scholarly journals Accuracy of self-perforating impression tray for maxillary dental implant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Oliveira Lima Bohner ◽  
André Duarte Azevedo Marques ◽  
Caroline Bosque Keedi ◽  
Washington Steagall ◽  
Pedro Tortamano Neto
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Group A ◽  
Similar Accuracy

Objectives: To analyze the accuracy of a pre-fabricated self-perforating tray for implant impression in an edentulous maxilla. Methods: Four implants (13, 16, 23, 26) were placed in an acrylic resin model of an edentulous maxilla. Implant impressions (n = 7) were taken using a customized open tray (Control Group) and a pre-fabricated self-perforating tray (Test Group). A metal bar was fabricated and screw-retained on implant 13 and the vestibular gap between the framework and implants was measured by stereomicroscopy on implants 16, 23, and 26. Data were analyzed by ANOVA repeated measures and Tukey tests with a significance level (α) of 0.05. Results: There was no statistical difference between self-perforating and customized open tray groups. Control group showed a gap of 73.31± 26.01 for I1; 149.16± 53.90 for I2; and 115.46± 73.34 for I3. Whereas Test Group showed a gap of 154.41± 74.64 for I1; 159.45± 87.64 for I2; and 109.28± 49.18 for I3. Conclusion: The pre-fabricated self-perforating and custom trays showed a similar accuracy for implant impression of edentulous maxilla.

scholarly journals Effect of shearing on some haematochemical parameters in ewes

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Piccione ◽  
S. Casella ◽  
F. Fazio ◽  
P. Pennisi
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

The aim of the present paper was to study the effect of shearing on some haematochemical parameters in ewes. Forty Valle del Belice ewes, clinically healthy and well-fed, were divided into two groups of twenty subjects each. Twenty ewes were let unshorn as a control group (Group A) and twenty ewes were shorn (Group B). After the blood collection by means of jugular venipuncture, some haematochemical parameters were assessed for each subject in the following experimental conditions: before shearing, 1<sup>st</sup>, 15<sup>th</sup>, 30<sup>th</sup>, 45<sup>th</sup>, 60<sup/sup> and 75<sup>th</sup> day after shearing. We studied the course of the following haematochemical parameters: glucose, &beta;-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA, triglycerides, total cholesterol, total protein, urea and creatinine. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni’s test, was used to determine significant differences between the two groups in the studied parameters. The statistical analysis showed statistical differences (<I>P</I> < 0.05 was considered statistically significant) in &beta;-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA, total protein and urea. Data analysis of variance showed a significant effect of time, with <I>P</I> < 0.0001, on all studied parameters. These results suggest that shearing induces adaptive metabolic responses in the ewes and exposure to elevated ambient temperature induces modifications of some haematochemical parameters.

Effects of Practice, Visual Loss, Limb Amputation, and Disuse on Motor Imagery Vividness

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Malouin ◽  
Carol L. Richards ◽  
Anne Durand ◽  
Micheline Descent ◽  
Diane Poiré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intact Side ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Affected Side ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Temporal Congruence ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background. The ability to generate vivid images of movements is variable across individuals and likely influenced by sensorimotor inputs. Objectives. The authors examined (1) the vividness of motor imagery in dancers and in persons with late blindness, with amputation or an immobilization of one lower limb; (2) the effects of prosthesis use on motor imagery; and (3) the temporal characteristics of motor imagery. Methods. Eleven dancers, 10 persons with late blindness, 14 with amputation, 6 with immobilization, and 2 groups of age-matched healthy individuals (27 in control group A; 35 in control group B) participated. The Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire served to assess motor imagery vividness. Temporal characteristics were assessed with mental chronometry. Results. The late blindness group and dance group displayed higher imagery scores than respective control groups. In the amputation and immobilization groups, imagery scores were lower on the affected side than the intact side and specifically for imagined foot movements. Imagery scores of the affected limb positively correlated with the time since walking with prosthesis. Movement times during imagination and execution (amputation and immobilization) were longer on the affected side than the intact side, but the temporal congruence between real and imagined movement times was similar to that in the control group. Conclusions. The mental representation of actions is highly modulated by imagery practice and motor activities. The ability to generate vivid images of movements can be specifically weakened by limb loss or disuse, but lack of movement does not affect the temporal characteristics of motor imagery.

Salivary Cortisol Response to a Psychosocial Stressor on Children Diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Differences Between Diagnostic Subtypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 707-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique F. Maldonado ◽  
Mª Victoria Trianes ◽  
Antonio Cortés ◽  
Encarnación Moreno ◽  
Milagros Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Psychosocial Stressor ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Group A

The purpose of the present study was to compare the reactivity of the HPA-axis in children diagnosed with different subtypes of ADHD against a healthy control group. This study included a total of 66 children: 33 children with ADHD diagnoses (10 with prevalent inattentive symptoms, 9 with prevalent hyperactive-impulsive symptoms and 14 with the combined subtype) and 33 healthy controls. The Trier Stress Social Test for Children (TSST-C) was employed as stressor. This test included two main stressors: first, completing a story initiated by an interviewer, and second, executing a timed cognitive task. Saliva samples were then obtained at -1, and +1, +10, +20 and +30 minutes with respect to the stressinducing task. While the repeated-measures ANOVA showed a statistically significant time effect, the expected cortisol stress-response was not observed in any group. A difference was observed in the response from the hyperactive-impulsive group that was also observed in the AUCG comparisons with the subgroups. The ADHD group with prevalent hyperactivity-impulsive symptoms showed more significantly reduced cortisol levels than the control group and other experimental subgroup with prevalent inattentive symptoms.

scholarly journals Kinematic Analysis of Gait in the Second and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Branco ◽  
Rita Santos-Rocha ◽  
Liliana Aguiar ◽  
Filomena Vieira ◽  
António Veloso
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Time Cycle ◽  
Limb Kinematics ◽  
Hip Extension

The kinematic analysis of gait during pregnancy provides more information about the anatomical changes and contributes to exercise and rehabilitation prescription. The purposes were to quantify the lower limb kinematics of gait and to compare it between the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and with a control group. A three-dimensional analysis was performed in twenty-two pregnant women and twelve nonpregnant. Repeated Measures and Manova tests were performed for comparisons between trimesters and between pregnant and controls. The walking speed, stride width, right-/left-step time, cycle time and time of support, and flight phases remain unchanged between trimesters and between pregnant and controls. Stride and right-/left-step lengths decreased between trimesters. Double limb support time increased between trimesters, and it increased when compared with controls. Joint kinematics showed a significant decrease of right-hip extension and adduction during stance phase between trimesters and when compared with controls. Also, an increase in left-knee flexion and a decrease in right-ankle plantarflexion were found between trimesters. The results suggested that pregnant women need to maintain greater stability of body and to become more efficient in locomotion. Further data from the beginning of pregnancy anthropometric data may contribute to the analysis.

scholarly journals Light-stimulus intensity modulates startle reflex habituation in larval zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Beppi ◽  
Giorgio Beringer ◽  
Dominik Straumann ◽  
Stefan Yu Bögli
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Startle Reflex ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Group A ◽  
Light Stimuli

AbstractThe startle reflex in larval zebrafish describes a C-bend of the body occurring in response to sudden, unexpected, stimuli of different sensory modalities. Alterations in the startle reflex habituation (SRH) have been reported in various human and animal models of neurological and psychiatric conditions and are hence considered an important behavioural marker of neurophysiological function. The amplitude, offset and decay constant of the auditory SRH in larval zebrafish have recently been characterised, revealing that the measures are affected by variation in vibratory frequency, intensity, and interstimulus-interval. Currently, no study provides a model-based analysis of the effect of physical properties of light stimuli on the visual SRH. This study assessed the effect of incremental light-stimulus intensity on the SRH of larval zebrafish through a repeated-measures design. Their total locomotor responses were normalised for the time factor, based on the behaviour of a (non-stimulated) control group. A linear regression indicated that light intensity positively predicts locomotor responses due to larger SRH decay constants and offsets. The conclusions of this study provide important insights as to the effect of light properties on the SRH in larval zebrafish. Our methodology and findings constitute a relevant reference framework for further investigation in translational neurophysiological research.

scholarly journals The peripartum period influenced the serum macromineral profile in mares

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bazzano ◽  
E. Giudice ◽  
C. Giannetto ◽  
F. Fazio ◽  
C. Scollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Electrolytes ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Regular Sampling ◽  
Group A ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
Group B

Abstract. Changes in metabolic requirements during pregnancy may produce nutritional imbalances predisposing mares to pathological conditions. Therefore, we aimed to examine changes in serum macrominerals during the peripartum period in mares. Fifteen pregnant mares (Group A) were monitored starting at the 263rd day of pregnancy until the 21st day after foaling. Seven non-pregnant and non-lactating mares were used as a control group (Group B). Group A was subjected to blood sampling within 24 ± 12 h after parturition (P) and then 7, 14 and 21 days after foaling (+1, +2, +3 weeks, respectively). Group B was subjected to regular sampling throughout the study to ensure that seasonal changes had no significant effect on studied parameters. Serum samples were analysed for serum electrolytes including sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca+ + ), phosphorus (P+), chloride (Cl−) and magnesium (Mg+ + ). Two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to evaluate significant effects of peripartum on electrolyte concentrations. Group A showed a decrease in Cl− concentrations (P = 0.011) after foaling and lower P+ concentrations (P = 0.015) compared to Group B throughout the study. The linear regression model showed an increase in Na+ concentrations (P = 0.002) and a gradual decrease in serum Ca+ +  (P = 0.001) during pregnancy. Because the most significant changes in serum electrolytes occurred within 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after foaling, monitoring serum electrolyte concentrations would indicate whether the mare needs further mineral supplementation at this stage. The significant changes in a mare's macromineral profile that we observed over the peripartum provide enhanced knowledge about mineral interrelations and their modifications during specific physiological conditions such as late pregnancy and early postpartum.

scholarly journals Effect of shearing on some physiological and hormonal parameters in Akkaraman sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 848-855
Author(s):  
Erkan Pehlivan ◽  
Mahmut Kaliber ◽  
Yusuf Konca ◽  
Gürsel Dellal
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 70 ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hsp 70 ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: Shearing is one of the practices that is applied periodically to fiber producing animals, which can also alter resistance of animals to high temperatures in especially summer months. This study aimed to investigate effects of shearing on some physiological and hormonal parameters in Akkaraman sheep during summer season.Methods: This study was carried out on 39 non-pregnant Akkaraman ewes (aged 1.5 years at the beginning of experiment). The 39 ewes were chosen randomly from the flock belonging to the Erciyes University and they were assigned to two groups as follows: i) group A (n = 20) designed as the control group, they were shorn and group B (n = 19) designed as the experimental group, they were unshorn. Prior to the shearing (–1 day) and on days 1, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 following the shearing, blood samples were taken from the vena jugularis of each sheep. Cortisol, β-endorphin, growth hormone (GH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) concentrations were determined using the enzyme immunoassay method. Body weight (BW), rectal temperature (RT), pulse rate (PR), and respiratory rate (RR) of each sheep were recorded at the same time. The data obtained were analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance.Results: Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of shearing×period interaction (p<0.01) and a significant effect of period (p<0.01) on BW, HSP-70, cortisol, T4 and RT, PR, GH, β-endorphin, T3, respectively. Also these analysis showed no significant effect of shearing× period interaction or period on RR.Conclusion: The results showed that the thermoregulation abilities of sheep were affected by shearing treatment and the shorn ewes were less affected by heat stress. In conclusion, based on the data of this study, shearing can be considered as a necessary management practice that requires protection for sheep from the effect of heat stress.

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