The peripartum period influenced the serum macromineral profile in  mares

Abstract. Changes in metabolic requirements during pregnancy may produce nutritional imbalances predisposing mares to pathological conditions. Therefore, we aimed to examine changes in serum macrominerals during the peripartum period in mares. Fifteen pregnant mares (Group A) were monitored starting at the 263rd day of pregnancy until the 21st day after foaling. Seven non-pregnant and non-lactating mares were used as a control group (Group B). Group A was subjected to blood sampling within 24 ± 12 h after parturition (P) and then 7, 14 and 21 days after foaling (+1, +2, +3 weeks, respectively). Group B was subjected to regular sampling throughout the study to ensure that seasonal changes had no significant effect on studied parameters. Serum samples were analysed for serum electrolytes including sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca+ + ), phosphorus (P+), chloride (Cl−) and magnesium (Mg+ + ). Two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to evaluate significant effects of peripartum on electrolyte concentrations. Group A showed a decrease in Cl− concentrations (P = 0.011) after foaling and lower P+ concentrations (P = 0.015) compared to Group B throughout the study. The linear regression model showed an increase in Na+ concentrations (P = 0.002) and a gradual decrease in serum Ca+ + (P = 0.001) during pregnancy. Because the most significant changes in serum electrolytes occurred within 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after foaling, monitoring serum electrolyte concentrations would indicate whether the mare needs further mineral supplementation at this stage. The significant changes in a mare's macromineral profile that we observed over the peripartum provide enhanced knowledge about mineral interrelations and their modifications during specific physiological conditions such as late pregnancy and early postpartum.

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Caffeine Uptake into the Vitreous after Peroral Coffee Consumption

Ophthalmic Research ◽

10.1159/000507026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 533-540

Author(s):

Christoph Leisser ◽

Thomas Stimpfl ◽

Manuel Ruiss ◽

Caroline Pilwachs ◽

Julius Hienert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Coffee Consumption ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Caffeine Intake ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Epiretinal Membranes ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

Introduction: Caffeine and its metabolites have antioxidant activity, scavenging reactive oxygen species. The aim of our study was to measure caffeine concentrations in vitreous samples after peroral caffeine intake. Methods: This prospective study included patients scheduled for 23-G pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling due to epiretinal membranes. The study was performed in two parts: in the first part, patients were recruited into three different groups: group A consisted of habitual coffee drinkers who agreed to drink coffee containing 180 mg caffeine 1 h before surgery (n = 10), group B consisted of habitual coffee drinkers who were not offered coffee before surgery (n = 5), and group C consisted of non-habitual coffee drinkers, forming the control group (n = 5). In the second part (group D) patients (habitual coffee drinkers) agreed to give additional blood serum samples for measurement of caffeine concentration. Harvested samples of vitreous (groups A–D), epiretinal membranes (groups A–C), and blood serum samples (group D) were examined for concentrations of caffeine with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Samples of 40 eyes of 40 patients were harvested. The concentrations of caffeine in the vitreous samples were 1,998 ± 967 ng/mL in group A and 1,108 ± 874 ng/mL in group B. In group C, caffeine concentrations were below 176 ng/mL in all vitreous samples. Both groups A and B had significantly higher concentrations of caffeine in the vitreous samples than group C (p < 0.002, p < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test). Caffeine concentrations in epiretinal membranes were below the limits of detection. Correlation of caffeine concentrations between blood serum samples and vitreous samples in group D was high, with significantly higher caffeine concentrations in the blood serum. Conclusion: Coffee consumption leads to significant caffeine levels in the vitreous compared to patients in the control group, and caffeine concentrations in the vitreous showed a high correlation to blood serum concentrations of caffeine after peroral coffee consumption.

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Physiological Correlation between Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis, Leptin, UCP1 and Lipid Panel in Mares during Late Pregnancy and Early Postpartum Period

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11072051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2051

Author(s):

Francesca Arfuso ◽

Claudia Giannetto ◽

Marilena Bazzano ◽

Anna Assenza ◽

Giuseppe Piccione

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Period ◽

Dynamic Change ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Low Density Lipoproteins ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Low Density ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Group A ◽

Peripartum Period ◽

Group B

This study aimed to investigate the dynamic change of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, leptin, mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), lipids and lipoproteins in mares during late pregnancy and the postpartum period. A total of 20 mares (10 pregnant mares, monitored from 14 ± 2 days before expected foaling until 14 days after foaling, Group A; 10 non-pregnant and non-lactating mares, Group B) were enrolled in the study. Body Condition Score (BCS) and body weight (BW) values were recorded from each animal. In Group A, blood samples were collected on days 14 ± 2 and 7 ± 2 before foaling (T−14; T−7), and on days 7 and 14 after foaling (T+7; T+14). From mares of Group B, blood samples were collected at the beginning of the study. The levels of ACTH, cortisol, leptin, UCP1, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), triglycerides and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) were investigated. While BCS showed no statistical change throughout the monitoring period (p > 0.05), all the other studied parameters displayed statistically significant variations in Group A over the peripartum period (p < 0.0001). A significant effect of pregnancy was found on all studied parameters (p < 0.001). The ACTH and cortisol levels measured in mares belonged to Group A showed a significant positive correlation with the values of leptin, LDLs, triglycerides and VLDLs, whereas they were negatively correlated with the serum UCP1 and NEFAs values. Together, the findings gathered in this study highlight a dynamic change of serum leptin, UCP1 and lipid parameters in peripartum mares and suggest an interaction of the HPA axis with lipid metabolism and mobilization in mares during the peripartum period in order to deal with metabolic and energy demand and maintain energy homeostasis.

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A Comparative Study of Serum Cystatin C, Serum Electrolytes, Urea and Creatinine in Early Detection of Kidney Injuries in Albino Rats Exposed to Formaldehyde

10.54117/ijt.v1i1.1.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Michael Chinedu Olisah ◽

◽

Samuel C. Meludu ◽

Keyword(s):

Cystatin C ◽

Low Dose ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

High Dose ◽

Serum Cystatin C ◽

Serum Electrolytes ◽

Serum Cystatin ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Aim: To ascertain early detection of possible kidney injuries in albino rats exposed to formaldehyde by assessing cystatin C, serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine. Materials/Methods: Thirty healthy adult male albino rats, weighing between 100 to 120 grams were randomly divided into three groups A, B and C. Group A served as control. Group B was exposed to low dose (100ppm of Formaldehyde), 3 hrs per day for four weeks, while group C was exposed to high Dose-200ppm of formaldehyde 3 hrs per day for four weeks. At the end of the exposure period, the rats were sacrificed by decapitation under chloroform anesthesia, and 4 ml of blood samples was collected from each rat into a plain bottle. The whole blood was allowed to clot, retracted and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and serum separated. The serum was stored at -20˚C until analyses for serum electrolytes, creatinine and cystatin C. Serum electrolytes were determined using Ion selective electrode, urea and creatinine were determined using spectrophotometric methods while cystatin C was analyzed using Eliza. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS. Results: The concentrations of the serum electrolytes, sodium. Potassium, bicarbonate and chloride were compared across the three group, they were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Urea was significantly higher in group C when compared with low dose B and control group A (P<0.05). Also, when the low dose group B was compared with the high dose group C, it was statistically significant. Creatinine concentrations were significantly higher in group C when compared with the control group A, while group B was not significant when compared with group A. Finally, the cystatin C concentrations were also significant when groups B, C were compared with the control group. Conclusion: Formaldehyde exposures may induce a gradual deterioration of renal functions in chronically exposed albino rats. Serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine may not be sufficient to indicate an early signs of kidney damage. From the study, serum cystatin C may be a better marker of renal impairment in early stages.

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Effect of shearing on some haematochemical parameters in ewes

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/2713-cjas ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 106-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G. Piccione ◽

S. Casella ◽

F. Fazio ◽

P. Pennisi

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Total Protein ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Beta Hydroxybutyrate

The aim of the present paper was to study the effect of shearing on some haematochemical parameters in ewes. Forty Valle del Belice ewes, clinically healthy and well-fed, were divided into two groups of twenty subjects each. Twenty ewes were let unshorn as a control group (Group A) and twenty ewes were shorn (Group B). After the blood collection by means of jugular venipuncture, some haematochemical parameters were assessed for each subject in the following experimental conditions: before shearing, 1st, 15th, 30th, 45th, 60<sup/sup> and 75th day after shearing. We studied the course of the following haematochemical parameters: glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA, triglycerides, total cholesterol, total protein, urea and creatinine. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni’s test, was used to determine significant differences between the two groups in the studied parameters. The statistical analysis showed statistical differences (P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant) in β-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA, total protein and urea. Data analysis of variance showed a significant effect of time, with P < 0.0001, on all studied parameters. These results suggest that shearing induces adaptive metabolic responses in the ewes and exposure to elevated ambient temperature induces modifications of some haematochemical parameters.

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Strategy for the treatment of puerperal metritis and improvement of reproductive efficiency in cows with retained placenta

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.2011.004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 247-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wen-Bor Liu ◽

Shih-Te Chuang ◽

Ching-Lin Shyu ◽

Chao-Chin Chang ◽

Amelia Jack ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Function ◽

Reproductive Efficiency ◽

Control Group ◽

Retained Placenta ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Early Postpartum ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Uterine Lavage

The objective of this study was to improve the reproductive efficiency of dairy cows with puerperal metritis (PM) subsequent to retained placenta (RP) using a two-step treatment strategy. A total of 188 postpartum cows, aged from 2 to 8 years, were utilised for 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, cows affected with RP/PM were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Cows in Group A (n = 17) were treated with 600 mg of ceftiofur intramuscularly for 3 days followed by intrauterine lavage with 0.1% chlorhexidine and infusion with 0.5% povidoneiodine, while cows in Group B (n = 16) received two intrauterine infusions, first with 5 g of oxytetracycline and then with 0.5% povidone-iodine. Cows with normal postpartum findings were regarded as the healthy control group (n = 26). Ultrasonographic examination revealed that the ovarian activities including the appearance of a dominant follicle and days to first ovulation of the cows in Group A during the early postpartum period differed from those of Group B (P < 0.05), which coincided with the results of uterine swabbing for bacteriology. In Experiment 2, cows with normal postpartum findings were allocated to Group D (n = 78), which received an ovulation protocol (GnRH - 7 d PGF2α - 48 h hCG - 24 h AI) on day 50 ± 2 postpartum. Cows affected with PM were randomly divided into two groups, Group E (n = 25) combined the treatments applied in Groups A and D, while Group F (n = 26) repeated the treatment administered in Group E except for uterine lavage. The results indicated that the pregnancy rate within 150 days postpartum and the mean days open in Group E (76.0% and 106.3 ± 4.6 days, respectively) were significantly different from those in Group F (38.5% and 137.9 ± 10.9 days, respectively) (P < 0.05). This study suggests that reproductive efficiency could be improved by using the two-step treatment to regulate uterine involution and an early resumption of ovarian function in cows with RP/PM.

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Effect of shearing on some physiological and hormonal parameters in Akkaraman sheep

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.19.0400 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 848-855

Author(s):

Erkan Pehlivan ◽

Mahmut Kaliber ◽

Yusuf Konca ◽

Gürsel Dellal

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Heat Shock Protein 70 ◽

Management Practice ◽

Control Group ◽

Hsp 70 ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Experimental Group

Objective: Shearing is one of the practices that is applied periodically to fiber producing animals, which can also alter resistance of animals to high temperatures in especially summer months. This study aimed to investigate effects of shearing on some physiological and hormonal parameters in Akkaraman sheep during summer season.Methods: This study was carried out on 39 non-pregnant Akkaraman ewes (aged 1.5 years at the beginning of experiment). The 39 ewes were chosen randomly from the flock belonging to the Erciyes University and they were assigned to two groups as follows: i) group A (n = 20) designed as the control group, they were shorn and group B (n = 19) designed as the experimental group, they were unshorn. Prior to the shearing (–1 day) and on days 1, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 following the shearing, blood samples were taken from the vena jugularis of each sheep. Cortisol, β-endorphin, growth hormone (GH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) concentrations were determined using the enzyme immunoassay method. Body weight (BW), rectal temperature (RT), pulse rate (PR), and respiratory rate (RR) of each sheep were recorded at the same time. The data obtained were analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance.Results: Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of shearing×period interaction (p<0.01) and a significant effect of period (p<0.01) on BW, HSP-70, cortisol, T4 and RT, PR, GH, β-endorphin, T3, respectively. Also these analysis showed no significant effect of shearing× period interaction or period on RR.Conclusion: The results showed that the thermoregulation abilities of sheep were affected by shearing treatment and the shorn ewes were less affected by heat stress. In conclusion, based on the data of this study, shearing can be considered as a necessary management practice that requires protection for sheep from the effect of heat stress.

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Study the Relationship Between Estrogen Hormone and Calcium in Normal Females Before and After Menopause in Baghdad / Iraq

Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences ◽

10.32441/kjps.v2i1.152 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sameerah Mustafa ◽

Asal Tawfeeq ◽

Hadeel Hasan

Keyword(s):

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽

Contraceptive Pills ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Before And After ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Age Range

This study involved the collection of (90) samples of women serum which included (30) serum samples collected from women before menopause (reproductive women) in the age range of (22-43) years and were considered as (group A- control). While, (group B) included (30) serum samples collected from women using oral contraceptive pills between the ages of (22-43) years old. Whereas, another (30) serum samples were collected from women after menopause between the ages of (43-54) years and were considered as (group C). All of the collected serum samples were subjected to a number of serological and chemical tests for the measurement of (E2, HDL, LDL and Ca). Then, the obtained data were statistical analyzed and results showed a significant decrease (p˂ 0.05) in (E2 ,Ca and HDL) levels in menopausal women compared to that of the normal healthy controls. While, there were non-significant decrease (p> 0.05) in (E2, Ca and HDL) levels in women taking oral contraceptive when compared to the normal healthy controls. On the other hand, a significant increase (p˂ 0.05) was recorded in LDL level in menopausal women compared to that of the normal healthy controls whereas, no-significant increase (p˃ 0.05) in the LDL level in women taking oral contraceptives when compared to the control women.

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Clinical effect of Suvarna Bindu Prashan

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v2i3.8203 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Patil Aniket ◽

Dindore Pallavi ◽

Arbar Aziz ◽

Kadam Avinash ◽

Saroch Vikas

Keyword(s):

Physical Health ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Control Group ◽

Inform Consent ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Immune Booster ◽

Mental And Physical Health ◽

Apparently Healthy

The quest for excellence in mental and physical health is not new. We find various references and formulations in Ayurvedic classics meant for promoting mental and physical health of a child. Suvarna Prashan is one of the formulations explained in age old Ayurvedic classic Kashyap Samhita. This formulation is very widely used now days as a memory and immune booster for children. But there is very little systematic documented study which can be used to evaluate the efficacy of the formulation. Suvarna Bhasma was prepared in Ayurved Rasayani Pharmacy, Pune. Madhu and Ghrita were collected from KLE Ayurveda Pharmacy, Belgaum. Suvarna Bindu Prashan was prepared in KLE Ayurved pharmacy, Belgaum. It contains Suvarna Bhasma, Ghrita and Madhu. Twenty apparently healthy male and female children with age group of three to four years were ready to sign inform consent form were selected into two groups each. Subjects in Group A received Suvarna Bindu Prashan where as Group B (Control group) did not receive any treatment. Both the groups were observed for six months. Children in Suvarna Bindu Prashan group showed significant reduction in the scores of eating habits, behavior, mood, temperament and scores of event of illness. However there was no significant difference in the score of sleeping habit. There was significant increase in IQ percentage.

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Microecological preparation combined with an modified low-carbon diet improves glucolipid metabolism and cardiovascular complication in obese patients

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome ◽

10.1186/s13098-021-00697-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jianguo Liu ◽

Liehui Xiao ◽

Hezhongrong Nie ◽

Yong Pan ◽

Yan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Intestinal Barrier Function ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Balanced Diet ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Control Group Group

Abstract Objective To investigate the impact of microecological preparation combined with modified low-carbon diet on the glucolipid metabolism and cardiovascular complication in obese patients. Methods From August 2017 to July 2020, 66 obese patients were recruited, and administrated with an modified low-carbon diet with (group A) or without (Group B) microecology preparation and a balanced diet in control group (group C) for 6 months. Meanwhile, 20 volunteers administrated with a balanced diet were recruited as the healthy control group (group D). Results After 6-month intervention, obese subjects in group A and B showed significant improvement of body and liver fat mass, reduction of serum lipid levels, intestinal barrier function markers, insulin resistance index (IRI), high blood pressure (HBP) and carotid intima thickness, as compared with subjects in group C. More importantly, subjects in group A had better improvement of vascular endothelial elasticity and intimal thickness than subjects in group B. However, these intervention had no effect on carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusion Administration of microecological preparation combined with modified low-carbon diet had better improvement of intestinal barrier function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular complications than low-carbon diet in obese patients, but the effect of a simple low-carb diet on carotid atherosclerotic plaque need to be further addressed.

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Effects of different thermal insulation methods on the nasopharyngeal temperature in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial

BMC Anesthesiology ◽

10.1186/s12871-021-01324-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Guanyu Yang ◽

Zefei Zhu ◽

Hongyu Zheng ◽

Shifeng He ◽

Wanyue Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Insulation ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Laparoscopic Hysterectomy ◽

Control Group ◽

Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Warming Blanket ◽

Group A ◽

Insulation Effect ◽

Group B

Abstract Background This study explored the comparison of the thermal insulation effect of incubator to infusion thermometer in laparoscopic hysterectomy. Methods We assigned 75 patients enrolled in the study randomly to three groups: Group A: Used warming blanket; group B: Used warming blanket and infusion thermometer; group C: Used warming blanket and incubator. The nasopharyngeal temperature at different time points during the operation served as the primary outcome. Results The nasopharyngeal temperature of the infusion heating group was significantly higher than that of the incubator group 60 min from the beginning of surgery (T3): 36.10 ± 0.20 vs 35.81 ± 0.20 (P<0.001)90 min from the beginning of surgery (T4): 36.35 ± 0.20 vs 35.85 ± 0.17 (P<0.001). Besides, the nasopharyngeal temperature of the incubator group was significantly higher compared to that of the control group 60 min from the beginning of surgery (T3): 35.81 ± 0.20 vs 35.62 ± 0.18 (P<0.001); 90 min from the beginning of surgery (T4): 35.85 ± 0.17 vs 35.60 ± 0.17 (P<0.001). Regarding the wake-up time, that of the control group was significantly higher compared to the infusion heating group: 24 ± 4 vs 21 ± 4 (P = 0.004) and the incubator group: 24 ± 4 vs 22 ± 4 (P = 0.035). Conclusion Warming blanket (38 °C) combined infusion thermometer (37 °C) provides better perioperative thermal insulation. Hospitals without an infusion thermometer can opt for an incubator as a substitute. Trial registration This trial was registered with ChiCTR2000039162, 20 October 2020.

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