Comparison of Dietary Intake and Eating Behavior of Professional Road Cyclists during Training and Competition

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo M. García-Rovés ◽  
Nicolàs Terrados ◽  
Serafina Fernández ◽  
Angeles M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Road Cyclists

The dietary intake and eating behavior of a group of professional elite road cyclists during high intensity training and competition was compared. Their eating pattern consisted of several snacks throughout the race or training, a meal eaten no later than 1 hr postexercise, supper, and breakfast. Protein intake showed a significant difference between evaluation times expressed in three ways: per total amount intake, by kg body weight, and percentage of energy supplied. Due to the high energy intake of these cyclists during training and competition (22.9 ± 1.5, 22.4 ± 1.7 MJ, respectively), they presented a high consumption of each macronutrient both in competition and in training. The eating behavior of these athletes was similar during breakfast (possibility to choose from among approximately 25 foods) and supper (set menu), with variation in the energy intake and a similar relative contribution of the different macronutrients. In general, it is possible to consider the professional road cyclists as a homogeneous group with a similar nutrition intake, eating habits, and nutritional needs throughout the more demanding periods of the season. Furthermore, differences found in protein intake between periods could not be explained by differences in the food available in competition and training periods.

scholarly journals Effects of a Protein-Rich, Low-Glycaemic Meal Replacement on Changes in Dietary Intake and Body Weight Following a Weight-Management Intervention—The ACOORH Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Martin Röhling ◽  
Andrea Stensitzky ◽  
Camila L. P. Oliveira ◽  
Andrea Beck ◽  
Klaus Michael Braumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Meal Replacement ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Protein Rich

Although meal replacement can lead to weight reduction, there is uncertainty whether this dietary approach implemented into a lifestyle programme can improve long-term dietary intake. In this subanalysis of the Almased Concept against Overweight and Obesity and Related Health Risk (ACOORH) study (n = 463), participants with metabolic risk factors were randomly assigned to either a meal replacement-based lifestyle intervention group (INT) or a lifestyle intervention control group (CON). This subanalysis relies only on data of participants (n = 119) who returned correctly completed dietary records at baseline, and after 12 and 52 weeks. Both groups were not matched for nutrient composition at baseline. These data were further stratified by sex and also associated with weight change. INT showed a higher increase in protein intake related to the daily energy intake after 12 weeks (+6.37% [4.69; 8.04] vs. +2.48% [0.73; 4.23], p < 0.001) of intervention compared to CON. Fat and carbohydrate intake related to the daily energy intake were more strongly reduced in the INT compared to CON (both p < 0.01). After sex stratification, particularly INT-women increased their total protein intake after 12 (INT: +12.7 g vs. CON: −5.1 g, p = 0.021) and 52 weeks (INT: +5.7 g vs. CON: −16.4 g, p = 0.002) compared to CON. Protein intake was negatively associated with weight change (r = −0.421; p < 0.001) after 12 weeks. The results indicate that a protein-rich dietary strategy with a meal replacement can improve long-term nutritional intake, and was associated with weight loss.

scholarly journals How is Satiety Affected When Consuming Food While Working on A Computer?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Ding ◽  
Nazimah Hamid ◽  
Daniel Shepherd ◽  
Kevin Kantono
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Computer Work ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

More people working at offices are choosing to eat meals at their desks, making “desktop dining” an increasingly common phenomenon. Previous studies have reported that environmental distractors, such as television viewing, can influence meal intake and subsequent snack intake. However, the impact of stressful mental tasks on eating behavior has received relatively less attention, focusing only on subsequent meal intake or concurrent snack intake. This study sets out to determine whether eating while working influenced current meal energy intake. This research also examined the relationship between dietary restraint status and energy intake. A crossover experimental design was employed requiring participants (14 males and 29 females) to eat pizza quietly and at rest (control), and while working on a computer (work). Measurements included BMI, energy intake, state anxiety, restrained eating behavior, stress levels (pre- and post-eating), and appetite (before and after both work and control sessions). The findings showed that consuming food while working on a computer significantly increased stress but had no influence on energy intake compared to the control condition. However, post-eating hunger levels were significantly higher in the work condition compared to the control condition. As expected, satiety levels decreased significantly from pre- to post-eating for both work and control conditions. In addition, no significant relationship was observed between restrained eating behavior and energy intake in both work and control conditions. These results suggest that eating while working affected satiety of normal weight participants, as indicated by the significant difference in post-meal satiety levels between work and control conditions.

Body composition and dietary intake in patients with head and neck cancer during radiotherapy: a longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2020-002359
Author(s):  
Bing Zhuang ◽  
Lichuan Zhang ◽  
Yujie Wang ◽  
Yiwei Cao ◽  
Yian Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ObjectivesTo investigate the body composition and dietary intake in the patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) during radiotherapy (RT), and explore the relationship between them.MethodsThis was a prospective, longitudinal observational study. Adult patients with HNC undergoing RT between March 2017 and August 2018 were recruited. Patients’ body compositions were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and dietary intake was recorded by 24-hour dietary recall at three time points, including baseline (T1), mid-treatment (T2) and post-treatment (T3). Patients were divided into low, middle and high energy intake groups based on the average daily energy intake (DEI). Changes in body weight (BW), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) among these three groups were compared.ResultsFrom T1 to T3, the median loss of patients’ BW, FM, FFM and SMM was 4.60, 1.90, 2.60 and 1.50 kg, respectively. The loss of BW was more dramatic from T2 to T3 than that from T1 to T2. BW loss was mainly contributed by SMM loss from T1 to T2 and by FM loss from T2 to T3. Meanwhile, patients’ dietary intake reduced during treatment. High DEI group had a significantly attenuated loss of patients’ BW, FFM, SMM and FM compared with the low DEI group.ConclusionPatients’ BW, FM, FFM and SMM all significantly reduced, especially from T2 to T3, with decreased DEI during RT, which stresses the importance of nutrition intervention during the whole course of RT.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake and Nitrogen Balance in British Army Infantry Recruits Undergoing Basic Training

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Chapman ◽  
Alex J. Rawcliffe ◽  
Rachel Izard ◽  
Kimberley Jacka ◽  
Hayley Tyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
British Army ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
G 11

We assessed dietary intake and nitrogen balance during 14 weeks of Basic Training (BT) in British Army Infantry recruits. Nineteen men (mean ± SD: age 19.9 ± 2.6 years, height: 175.7 ± 6.5 cm, body mass 80.3 ± 10.1 kg) at the Infantry Training Centre, Catterick (ITC(C)) volunteered. Nutrient intakes and 24-h urinary nitrogen balance were assessed in weeks 2, 6 and 11 of BT. Nutrient intake was assessed using researcher-led weighed food records and food diaries, and Nutritics professional dietary software. Data were compared between weeks using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. There was a significant difference in protein intake (g) between weeks 2 and 11 of BT (115 ± 18 vs. 91 ± 20 g, p = 0.02, ES = 1.26). There was no significant difference in mean absolute daily energy (p = 0.44), fat (p = 0.79) or carbohydrate (CHO) intake (p = 0.06) between weeks. Nitrogen balance was maintained in weeks 2, 6 and 11, but declined throughout BT (2: 4.6 ± 4.1 g, 6: 1.6 ± 4.5 g, 11: −0.2 ± 5.5 g, p = 0.07). A protein intake of 1.5 g·kg−1·d−1 may be sufficient in the early stages of BT, but higher intakes may be individually needed later on in BT.

scholarly journals Relationship between sleep duration and dietary intake in 4- to 14-year-old Danish children

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Hoppe ◽  
Berit W. Rothausen ◽  
Anja Biltoft-Jensen ◽  
Jeppe Matthiessen ◽  
Margit V. Groth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits

AbstractA negative association between sleep duration and BMI has been observed in children. However, knowledge about the association between sleep duration and diet is limited. The objective was to examine the association between sleep duration and intake of foods and nutrients in children. In the present cross-sectional study, dietary intake and sleep duration were recorded by the parents for seven consecutive days in a food and sleep record in a representative sample of 802 4- to 14-year-old children. No sex differences were found regarding age and sleep duration. Sleep duration was negatively correlated to age (ρ = –0·68; P < 0·001) and BMI (ρ = –0·41; P < 0·001). In multiple linear regression analyses, sleep duration was not associated with energy intake (b = –0·015; P = 0·20), but there was a trend towards a positive association with intake of dietary fibre (b = 0·006; P = 0·05) and vegetables (b = 0·011; P = 0·05), and a negative association with intake of poultry (b = –0·002; P = 0·02), and a trend towards a negative association with intake of liquid ‘discretionary calories’ (b = –0·01; P = 0·05). Furthermore, in a comparison of dietary intake between age-dependent tertiles of sleep duration, only intake of liquid ‘discretionary calories’ was significantly lower in long sleepers than in short and medium sleepers (P = 0·03). In conclusion, sleep duration was not associated with energy intake and the proposal that children with short sleep duration have less healthy eating habits than children with longer sleep duration was only weakly supported by the present findings.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutrition Intervention On Snack's Eating Habits and Anthropometric Status of College Students in Malang City

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Rany Adelina ◽  
Carissa Cerdasari ◽  
Rani Nurmayanti ◽  
Elok Widayanti
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Nutrition Claims ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unhealthy Snacks ◽  
Anthropometric Status

Background: Problems that arise in students based on the results of the 2016 study indicate that more than 80% of students like to eat unhealthy snacks such as packaging snacks, fried foods, instant noodles, and meatballs. Where snacks contain high energy, carbohydrates, protein, saturated fat, and salt. The excess energy and nutrients intake are related to increasing the metabolic incidence of syndromes and the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease.Objectives: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of giving nutritional interventions to eating habits and anthropometric status of college students in Malang.Methods: The quasi-experimental design with 31 participants from college students in Malang. Nutrition interventions provided in the form of education related to healthy snacks and assistance in making healthy snacks. The instruments used were pretest-posttest, questionnaire, and semi FFQ. Data processing was carried out by descriptive statistical analysis and dependent t-test at a 95% confidence level.Results: There was a significant increase in knowledge related to healthy snacks for subyek penelitiants (p <0.01) indicated by the results of the pre-test and post-test. There was an increase in the influence with nutrition claims by 31% and there was a significant difference between before and after the intervention (p = 0.013). The results of a healthy semi FFQ snack for the fruit category experienced a significant increase after being given an intervention program (p <0.01), while the semi FFQ results for unhealthy snacks for the category of salted crackers, chocolate/candy, pudding, and market snacks tended to decrease in consumption although not significant. The prevalence of overweight and obese in participants before being given intervention was 29% and decreased after being given intervention to 22.6% even though there was no significant difference (p = 0.096).Conclusions: There is an increase in the influence of 'nutrition claims' and fruit consumption significantly. While the prevalence of obese tends to fall even though it is not significant between college students.

Changes in Adolescents’ Dietary Intake Following the Initiation of an 8-Week Exercise Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Catherine Pouliot ◽  
Alyssa Biagé ◽  
Denis Prud’homme ◽  
Isabelle Giroux
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Food Density ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Food Quantity

Purpose: To assess changes in dietary intake of adolescents following an 8-week aerobic exercise program. Methods: Twenty-six adolescents (14–18 years) participated in an 8-week aerobic exercise program on cycle ergometer at their high school in Quebec, Canada. Twenty-four hour recalls were collected pre- and post-intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA and paired sample t-tests were used to assess differences in energy and dietary intake parameters (food quantity, diet quality, eating patterns) between pre- and postintervention. Results: A decrease in total daily energy intake (–287.8 kcal, P = 0.007), in meal size at lunch (–110.1 g, P = 0.02) and dinner (–143.7 g, P = 0.03), in food density at breakfast (–1.8 kcal/g, P = 0.04), in daily carbohydrate intake (–56.1 g, P = 0.005), and in percentage of energy intake consumed at school (–5.1%, P = 0.04) were observed following initiation of an aerobic exercise program. No change in healthy eating index scores or percentage of energy from processed foods was observed. Conclusions: Changes in energy intake, food quantity, and eating pattern but not diet quality (Healthy Eating Index or food processing scores) were observed following the initiation of an aerobic exercise program. Nutrition interventions may be needed, in addition to an exercise program, to target diet quality and promote healthy eating habits in adolescents.

scholarly journals Contribution of dietary intake to relapse rate in early paediatric multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Azary ◽  
Teri Schreiner ◽  
Jennifer Graves ◽  
Amy Waldman ◽  
Anita Belman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Relapse Rate ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

ObjectiveThe role of diet in multiple sclerosis (MS) course remains largely unknown. Children with MS have a higher relapse rate compared with MS in adults. Thus, studying the effect of diet on relapse rate in this age group is likely to provide more robust answers.MethodsThis is a multicentre study done at 11 paediatric MS centres in the USA. Patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) with disease onset before 18 years of age and duration of less than 4 years were included in this study. Dietary intake during the week before enrolment was assessed with the validated Block Kids Food Screener. The outcome of the study was time from enrolment to the next relapse. 219 patients with paediatric RRMS or CIS were enrolled. Each 10% increase in energy intake from fat increased the hazard of relapse by 56% (adjusted HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.31, p=0.027), and in particular each 10% increase in saturated fat tripled this hazard (adjusted HR: 3.37, 95% CI 1.34 to 8.43, p=0.009). In contrast, each additional one cup equivalent of vegetable decreased the hazard of relapse by 50% (adjusted HR: 0.50, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.91, p=0.024). These associations remained with mutual adjustment and persisted when adjusting for baseline 25(OH) vitamin D serum level. Other studied nutrients were not associated with relapse.ConclusionsThis study suggests that in children with MS, high energy intake from fat, especially saturated fat, may increase the hazard to relapse, while vegetable intake may be independently protective.

scholarly journals Relation between nutrition and fertility in pigs.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. den Hartog ◽  
G.J.M. van Kempen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
High Energy Intake ◽  
Suitable Sequence

A review of experiments on the effect of energy and protein intake on fertility in gilts suggested that a high energy intake shortly before oestrus (flushing) increased ovulation rate. Although high energy intake gave more ovulations than low energy intake, embryonic mortality was greater. The most suitable sequence during rearing, flushing and early pregnancy seemed to be low, high and low energy, respectively. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Asupan energi dan protein pasien tidak berbeda menurut tingkat kepercayaan diri dan kinerja ahli gizi dalam menerapkan proses asuhan gizi terstandar

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Merryna Nia Silvia ◽  
Martalena BR Purba ◽  
Endy Parjanto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Hospital Malnutrition ◽  
Significant Difference

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br /><br /><em><strong>Background</strong>: The incidence of hospital malnutrition is still high. Prevalence of malnutrition was 56.9% at three hospital in Indonesia, such as Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta, Jamil Hospital Padang, and Sanglah Hospital Bali. Diet therapy might improve nutritional intake. Standardized nutrition care process (SNCP) helps dietitian to make a decision with critical thinking to improve the quality of nutritional care, i.e. safe and effective. Dietitians need self-confi dence in applying their knowledge to accomplish their works. Several studies showed that higher self-confi dence correlated with higher performance. That would have positive impact on patients outcomes.</em></p><p><em><strong>Objectives</strong>: To fi nd out the differences in patient energy and protein intake based on dietitians selfconfidence in implementing SNCP.</em></p><p><em><strong>Methods</strong>: An observational study was used in this study with cross sectional design involving dietitians and hospitalized patients in Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. Data were analyzed using independence t test, chi-square, and Anova.</em></p><p><em><strong>Results</strong>: There was no significant difference in percentage average of patients energy intake of high self confidence compared to low self confi dence (lower 6.3%, p=0.13), as well as in protein intake (higher 1.8%, p=0.73). The percentage average of energy in nutritional intake, which energy intake was 3.0% (p=0.49) lower in good performance and protein intake was 7.1% (p=0.20) higher in good performance, had no statistical difference with dietitians performance. There was also no statistical difference between dietitians performance and dietitians self-confi dence(p=0.23). </em></p><p><em><strong>Conclusions</strong>: There were no differences between average percentage of energy and protein intake with dietitians self-confidence and dietitians performance. There was also no difference between dietitians performance and their self-confidence.</em></p><p><strong>KEYWORDS</strong>:<em> self-confidence, dietitians performance, energy and protein intake</em></p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p><em><strong>Latar belakang</strong>: Kejadian hospital malnutrition masih tinggi. Prevalensi malnutrisi di tiga rumah sakit di Indonesia, yaitu RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta, RSUP Jamil Padang, dan RSUD Sanglah Bali sebesar 56,9%. Terapi diet dapat meningkatkan asupan gizi proses asuhan gizi terstandar (PAGT) membantu ahli gizi membuat keputusan dengan berpikir kritis dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas asuhan gizi yang aman dan efektif. Ahli gizi memerlukan kepercayaan diri dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Beberapa penelitian medis menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan diri yang tinggi berhubungan dengan kinerja yang lebih baik. Hal tersebut dapat berdampak positif terhadap outcome pasien. </em></p><p><em><strong>Tujuan</strong>: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan asupan energi dan protein pasien menurut tingkat kepercayaan diri dan kinerja ahli gizi dalam menerapkan PAGT.</em></p><p><em><strong>Metode</strong>: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah ahli gizi dan pasien rawat inap RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta, dengan masing-masing berjumlah 12 subjek dan 90 subjek, menggunakan teknik convenience sampling dan quota sampling. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2013 sampai Maret 2014. Analisis data secara bivariat dilakukan dengan uji t, chi-square, dan anova. </em></p><p><em><strong>Hasil</strong>: Asupan energi pasien pada kepercayaan diri ahli gizi baik tidak berbeda dengan kepercayaan diri ahli gizi yang tidak baik (lebih rendah 6,3%, p=0,13), demikian juga dengan asupan protein (lebih tinggi 1,8%, p=0,73). Tidak ada perbedaan rerata persentase asupan energi, yaitu selisih 3,0% (p=0,49) lebih rendah pada kinerja baik dan protein 7,1% (p=0,20) lebih tinggi pada kinerja baik. Tidak ada perbedaan kinerja ahli gizi menurut tingkat kepercayaan dirinya (p=0,23). </em></p><p><em><strong>Kesimpulan</strong>: Tidak ada perbedaan asupan energi dan protein menurut tingkat kepercayaan diri dan kinerja ahli gizi, serta kinerja menurut tingkat kepercayaan diri ahli gizi.</em></p><p><strong>KATA KUNCI</strong><em>: kepercayaan diri, kinerja ahli gizi, asupan energi dan protein</em></p>

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