Influence of 2-Weeks Ingestion of High Chlorogenic Acid Coffee on Mood State, Performance, and Postexercise Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Nieman ◽  
Courtney L. Goodman ◽  
Christopher R. Capps ◽  
Zack L. Shue ◽  
Robert Arnot
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cycling Time

This study measured the influence of 2-weeks ingestion of high chlorogenic acid (CQA) coffee on postexercise inflammation and oxidative stress, with secondary outcomes including performance and mood state. Cyclists (N = 15) were randomized to CQA coffee or placebo (300 ml/day) for 2 weeks, participated in a 50-km cycling time trial, and then crossed over to the opposite condition with a 2-week washout period. Blood samples were collected pre- and postsupplementation, and immediately postexercise. CQA coffee was prepared using the Turkish method with 30 g lightly roasted, highly ground Hambela coffee beans in 300 ml boiling water, and provided 1,066 mg CQA and 474 mg caffeine versus 187 mg CQA and 33 mg caffeine for placebo. Plasma caffeine was higher with CQA coffee versus placebo after 2-weeks (3.3-fold) and postexercise (21.0-fold) (interaction effect, p < .001). Higher ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) levels were measured after exercise with CQA coffee versus placebo (p = .01). No differences between CQA coffee and placebo were found for postexercise increases in plasma IL-6 (p = .74) and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (9 + 13 HODEs) (p = .99). Total mood disturbance (TMD) scores were lower with CQA coffee versus placebo (p = .04). 50-km cycling time performance and power did not differ between trials, with heart rate and ventilation higher with CQA coffee, especially after 30 min. In summary, despite more favorable TMD scores with CQA coffee, these data do not support the chronic use of coffee highly concentrated with chlorogenic acids and caffeine in mitigating postexercise inflammation or oxidative stress or improving 50-km cycling performance.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Effects of Respiratory Muscle Endurance Training on Cycling Time Trial Performance in Normoxia and Hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Chambault ◽  
Grégorine Grand ◽  
Bengt Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Endurance ◽  
Cycling Time

Objectives: We tested the hypotheses that respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) improves endurance cycling performance differently in women and men and more so in hypoxia than in normoxia.Design: A prospective pre–post cross-over study with two testing conditions.Methods: Healthy and active women (seven, 24 ± 4 years, mean ± standard deviation [SD]) and men (seven, 27 ± 5 years) performed incremental cycling to determine maximum oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and power output (Wpeak) and on different days two 10-km cycling time trials (TTs) in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia (FiO2, 0.135, ~3,500 m equivalent), in a balanced randomized order. Next they performed supervised RMET in normoxia (4 weeks, 5 days/week, 30 min/day eucapnic hyperpnea at ~60% predicted maximum voluntary ventilation) followed by identical post-tests. During TTs, heart rate, ear oximetry reading, and Wpeak were recorded.Results: The VO2peak and Wpeak values were unchanged after RMET. The TT was improved by 7 ± 6% (p &lt; 0.001) in normoxia and 16 ± 6% (p &lt; 0.001) in hypoxia. The difference between normoxic and hypoxic TT was smaller after RMET as compared with that before RMET (14% vs. 21%, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). All effects were greater in women (p &lt; 0.001). The RMET did not change the heart rate or ear oximetry reading during TTs.Conclusion: We found a greater effect of RMET on cycling TT performance in women than in men, an effect more pronounced in hypoxia. These findings are congruent with the contention of a more pronounced performance-limiting role of the respiratory system during endurance exercise in hypoxia compared with normoxia and more so in women whose respiratory system is undersized compared with that of men.

scholarly journals Single and combined effects of beetroot juice and caffeine supplementation on cycling time trial performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1050-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Lane ◽  
John A. Hawley ◽  
Ben Desbrow ◽  
Andrew M. Jones ◽  
James R. Blackwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Competitive Cyclists ◽  
Cycling Time

Both caffeine and beetroot juice have ergogenic effects on endurance cycling performance. We investigated whether there is an additive effect of these supplements on the performance of a cycling time trial (TT) simulating the 2012 London Olympic Games course. Twelve male and 12 female competitive cyclists each completed 4 experimental trials in a double-blind Latin square design. Trials were undertaken with a caffeinated gum (CAFF) (3 mg·kg−1 body mass (BM), 40 min prior to the TT), concentrated beetroot juice supplementation (BJ) (8.4 mmol of nitrate (NO3–), 2 h prior to the TT), caffeine plus beetroot juice (CAFF+BJ), or a control (CONT). Subjects completed the TT (females: 29.35 km; males: 43.83 km) on a laboratory cycle ergometer under conditions of best practice nutrition: following a carbohydrate-rich pre-event meal, with the ingestion of a carbohydrate–electrolyte drink and regular oral carbohydrate contact during the TT. Compared with CONT, power output was significantly enhanced after CAFF+BJ and CAFF (3.0% and 3.9%, respectively, p < 0.01). There was no effect of BJ supplementation when used alone (–0.4%, p = 0.6 compared with CONT) or when combined with caffeine (–0.9%, p = 0.4 compared with CAFF). We conclude that caffeine (3 mg·kg−1 BM) administered in the form of a caffeinated gum increased cycling TT performance lasting ∼50–60 min by ∼3%–4% in both males and females. Beetroot juice supplementation was not ergogenic under the conditions of this study.

scholarly journals The Potential to Change Pacing and Performance During 4000-m Cycling Time Trials Using Hyperoxia and Inspired Gas-Content Deception

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 949-957
Author(s):  
Michael J. Davies ◽  
Bradley Clark ◽  
Laura A. Garvican-Lewis ◽  
Marijke Welvaert ◽  
Christopher J. Gore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Fraction Of Inspired Oxygen ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Inspired Oxygen ◽  
Cycling Time

Purpose: To determine if a series of trials with fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) content deception could improve 4000-m cycling time-trial (TT) performance. Methods: A total of 15 trained male cyclists (mean [SD] body mass 74.2 [8.0] kg, peak oxygen uptake 62 [6] mL·kg−1·min−1) completed six 4000-m cycling TTs in a semirandomized order. After a familiarization TT, cyclists were informed in 2 initial trials they were inspiring normoxic air (NORM, FiO2 0.21); however, in 1 trial (deception condition), they inspired hyperoxic air (NORM-DEC, FiO2 0.36). During 2 subsequent TTs, cyclists were informed they were inspiring hyperoxic air (HYPER, FiO2 0.36), but in 1 trial, normoxic air was inspired (HYPER-DEC). In the final TT (NORM-INFORM), the deception was revealed and cyclists were asked to reproduce their best TT performance while inspiring normoxic air. Results: Greater power output and faster performances occurred when cyclists inspired hyperoxic air in both truthful (HYPER) and deceptive (NORM-DEC) trials than NORM (P < .001). However, performance only improved in NORM-INFORM (377 W; 95% confidence interval [CI] 325–429) vs NORM (352 W; 95% CI 299–404; P < .001) when participants (n = 4) completed the trials in the following order: NORM-DEC, NORM, HYPER-DEC, HYPER. Conclusions: Cycling performance improved with acute exposure to hyperoxia. Mechanisms for the improvement were likely physiological; however, improvement in a deception trial suggests an additional placebo effect. Finally, a particular sequence of oxygen deception trials may have built psychophysiological belief in cyclists such that performance improved in a subsequent normoxic trial.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nitrate Supplementation on Cycling Performance in the Heat in Well-Trained Cyclists

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. McQuillan ◽  
Julia R. Casadio ◽  
Deborah K. Dulson ◽  
Paul B. Laursen ◽  
Andrew E. Kilding
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation ◽  
Cycling Time

Purpose: To determine the effect of consumption on measures of perception, thermoregulation, and cycling performance in hot conditions. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 8 well-trained cyclists (mean ± SD age 25 ± 8 y, peak 64 ± 5 mL · kg−1 · min−1) performed 2 separate trials in hot (35°C, 60% relative humidity) environments, having ingested either 140 mL -rich beetroot juice ∼8 mmol (NIT) or placebo (PLA) daily for 3 d with a 7-d washout period separating trials. Trials consisted of 2 × 10-min bouts at 40% and 60% peak power output (PPO) to determine physiological and perceptual responses to the heat, followed by a 4-km cycling time trial. Results: Basal [nitrite] was substantially elevated in NIT (2.70 ± 0.98 µM) vs PLA (1.10 ± 0.61 µM), resulting in a most likely (ES = 1.58 ± 0.93) increase after 3 d. There was a very likely trivial increase in rectal temperature in NIT at 40% (PLA 37.4°C ± 0.2°C vs NIT 37.5°C ± 0.3°C, 0.1°C ± 0.2°C) and 60% (PLA 37.8°C ± 0.2°C vs NIT 37.9°C ± 0.3°C, 0.1°C ± 0.2°C) PPO. Cycling performance was similar between trials (PLA 336 ± 45 W vs NIT 337 ± 50 W, CV ± 95%CL; 0.2% ± 2.5%). Outcomes for heart rate and perceptual measures were unclear across the majority of time points. Conclusions: Three days of supplementation resulted in small increases in rectal temperature during low- to moderate-intensity exercise, but this did not appear to influence 4-km cycling time-trial performance in hot climates.

scholarly journals The effects of block training on pacing during 20-km cycling time trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Pereira Costa ◽  
Luiz Guilherme Antonacci Guglielmo ◽  
Carl David Paton
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Short Period ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Cycling Time

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of block training (BL) on pacing during a 20-km hilly cycling time trial (TT) in trained cyclists. Twenty male cyclists were separated into 2 groups: control and BL. The training of each cyclist was monitored during a period of 3 weeks. In the first week cyclists performed an overload period of 7 consecutive days of high-intensity interval training followed by 2 weeks of normal training. Cyclists performed 1 TT before intervention and 2 TT after 7 and 14 days at the end of training. Each training session consisted of 10 sets of 3 repeated maximal-effort sprints (15, 30, and 45 s) with an effort/recovery duration ratio of 1:5. The main finding of this study was that the power output displayed a significantly higher start from the start until the halfway point of the TT (p < 0.05). Additionally, power output was characterized by a significant higher end spurt in the final 2 km in the BL after 2 weeks at the end of training (p < 0.05). In addition, after 2 weeks at the end of the overload period the distribution of cadence was significantly lower throughout the TT (p < 0.01). Therefore, a short period of consecutive days of intense training enhances cycling performance and changes the power output in the beginning and final part of the TT in trained cyclists.

scholarly journals Coffee Ingestion Improves 5 km Cycling Performance in Men and Women by a Similar Magnitude

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Clarke ◽  
Nicholas A. Kirwan ◽  
Darren L. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Similar Magnitude ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cycling Time ◽  
Trial Performance

Caffeine is a well-established ergogenic aid, although research to date has predominantly focused on anhydrous caffeine, and in men. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of coffee ingestion on 5 km cycling time trial performance, and to establish whether sex differences exist. A total of 38 participants (19 men and 19 women) completed a 5 km time trial following the ingestion of 0.09 g·kg-1 coffee providing 3 mg·kg-1 of caffeine (COF), a placebo (PLA), in 300 mL of water, or control (CON). Coffee ingestion significantly increased salivary caffeine levels (p < 0.001; η P 2 = 0.75) and, overall, resulted in improved 5 km time trial performance (p < 0.001; η P 2 = 0.23). Performance following COF (482 ± 51 s) was faster than PLA (491 ± 53 s; p = 0.002; d = 0.17) and CON (487 ± 52 s; p =0.002; d = 0.10) trials, with men and women both improving by approximately 9 seconds and 6 seconds following coffee ingestion compared with placebo and control, respectively. However, no differences were observed between CON and PLA (p = 0.321; d = 0.08). In conclusion, ingesting coffee providing 3 mg·kg-1 of caffeine increased salivary caffeine levels and improved 5 km cycling time trial performance in men and women by a similar magnitude.

Could resistant starch supplementation improve inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and uremic toxins levels in hemodialysis patients? A pilot randomized controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 6508-6516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Esgalhado ◽  
Julie A. Kemp ◽  
Renata Azevedo ◽  
Bruna R. Paiva ◽  
Milena B. Stockler-Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Prebiotic-resistant starch supplementation may be a good strategy to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress and uremic toxins in CKD patients.

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