Applications of GPS Technologies to Field Sports

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Aughey
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Atomic Clock ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Gps Technology ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Field Sports

Global positioning system (GPS) technology was made possible after the invention of the atomic clock. The first suggestion that GPS could be used to assess the physical activity of humans followed some 40 y later. There was a rapid uptake of GPS technology, with the literature concentrating on validation studies and the measurement of steady-state movement. The first attempts were made to validate GPS for field sport applications in 2006. While GPS has been validated for applications for team sports, some doubts continue to exist on the appropriateness of GPS for measuring short high-velocity movements. Thus, GPS has been applied extensively in Australian football, cricket, hockey, rugby union and league, and soccer. There is extensive information on the activity profile of athletes from field sports in the literature stemming from GPS, and this includes total distance covered by players and distance in velocity bands. Global positioning systems have also been applied to detect fatigue in matches, identify periods of most intense play, different activity profiles by position, competition level, and sport. More recent research has integrated GPS data with the physical capacity or fitness test score of athletes, game-specific tasks, or tactical or strategic information. The future of GPS analysis will involve further miniaturization of devices, longer battery life, and integration of other inertial sensor data to more effectively quantify the effort of athletes.

Validity of 10-HZ GPS and Timing Gates for Assessing Maximum Velocity in Professional Rugby Union Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Roe ◽  
Joshua Darrall-Jones ◽  
Christopher Black ◽  
William Shaw ◽  
Kevin Till ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Criterion Measure ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Typical Error ◽  
Testing Protocol ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Timing Gate ◽  
Sprint Velocity ◽  
Over Time

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of timing gates and 10-Hz global positioning systems (GPS) units (Catapult Optimeye S5) against a criterion measure (50-Hz radar gun) for assessing maximum sprint velocity (Vmax).Methods:Nine male professional rugby union players performed 3 maximal 40-m sprints with 3 min rest between efforts with Vmax assessed simultaneously via timing gates, 10-Hz GPSOpen (Openfield software), GPSSprint (Sprint software), and radar gun. Eight players wore 3 GPS units, while 1 wore a single unit during each sprint.Results:When compared with the radar gun, mean biases for GPSOpen, GPSSprint, and timing gates were trivial, small, and small, respectively. The typical error of the estimate (TEE) was small for timing gate and GPSOpen while moderate for GPSSprint. Correlations with radar gun were nearly perfect for all measures. Mean bias, TEE, and correlations between GPS units were trivial, small, and nearly perfect, respectively, while a small TEE existed when GPSOpenfield was compared with GPSSprint.Conclusion:Based on these findings, both 10-Hz GPS and timing gates provide valid measures of 40-m Vmax assessment compared with a radar gun. However, as error did exist between measures, the same testing protocol should be used when assessing 40-m Vmax over time. Furthermore, in light of the above results, it is recommended that when assessing changes in GPS-derived Vmax over time, practitioners should use the same unit for each player and perform the analysis with the same software, preferably Catapult Openfield.

scholarly journals We know they train, but what do they do? Implications for coaches working with adolescent rugby union players

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padraic J Phibbs ◽  
Ben Jones ◽  
Gregory AB Roe ◽  
Dale B Read ◽  
Joshua Darrall-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
School Club

Limited information is available regarding the training loads of adolescent rugby union players. One-hundred and seventy male players (age 16.1 ± 1.0 years) were recruited from 10 teams representing two age categories (under-16 and under-18) and three playing standards (school, club and academy). Global positioning systems, accelerometers, heart rate and session-rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) methods were used to quantify mean session training loads. Session demands differed between age categories and playing standards. Under-18 academy players were exposed to the highest session training loads in terms of s-RPE (236 ± 42 AU), total distance (4176 ± 433 m), high speed running (1270 ± 288 m) and PlayerLoad™ (424 ± 56 AU). Schools players had the lowest session training loads in both respective age categories. Training loads and intensities increased with age and playing standard. Individual monitoring of training load is key to enable coaches to maximise player development and minimise injury risk.

scholarly journals 79 Seeing the whole picture: Utilizing GPS technology to determine distance and time calves devote to walking post-weaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
Kirsten Nickles ◽  
Alejandro E Relling ◽  
Anthony Parker
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Gps Technology ◽  
Animal Activity ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
And Control

Abstract Common weaning practices in today’s beef industry involve discontinuation of the cow-calf social and nutritional bond. When this bond is discontinued, atypical behaviors of walking and vocalizing are immediately observed in the calf that negatively affect calf welfare. Global positioning systems (GPS) provide an opportunity to quantify the effects of animal activity on welfare. Utilizing GPS technology, we are able to determine total distance walked, speed, total time walking, or total time not walking and the interactions with calf production. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a familiar trainer animal on calf production during weaning and more specifically, common weaning behaviors such as walking utilizing a Garmin® product. A total of 80 Angus x Simmental heifer calves were used in this study. In all four replications, heifer calves were allotted to each treatment group (n = 10), trainer animal or control (TR, CON) on the day of weaning. Calves in the TR group were placed on pasture at weaning with the familiar trainer animal, and control calves were placed in a similar size pasture without a trainer animal. Each calf was also fitted with their own GPS collar that recorded on days 0, 7, and 14 relative to initiation of the study for a full 24 hours before removal. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements (SAS 9.4). Placing calves with a familiar trainer animal decreased the distance calves walked (P = 0.001) as well as the amount of time calves were walking (P = 0.001). Placing a familiar trainer animal with calves at weaning, therefore, has an effect on walking distance and amount of time calves devote to walking.

scholarly journals Review of Ultra-Wide Band in Team Sports

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Pino-Ortega ◽  
Markel Rico-González
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Ultra Wide Band ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Electronic Performance

The use of valid, accurate and reliable systems is fundamental to warrant a high-quality data collection and interpretation. In 2015, FIFA created a department of Electronic Performance and Tracking systems, collecting under this name the more used tracking systems in team sport setting: high-definition cameras, Global Positioning Systems, and Local Positioning Systems. To date, LPS systems proved to be valid and accurate in determining the position and estimating distances and speeds. However, it is hypothesized that between LPS, ultra-wide band (UWB) is the most promising technology for the future. Thus, this chapter was aimed to make an update about UWB technology in sport: the FIFA’s regulation, manufacturer that provide this technology, the research articles that assessed validity and reliability of UWB technology, and the criteria standard for the use of this technology.

Neighborhoods and Health

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana V. Diez Roux
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Spatial Epidemiology ◽  
Activity Space ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Gps Technology ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
New Research ◽  
Highly Cited ◽  
Neighborhoods And Health

The highly successful first edition of Neighborhoods and Health (published in 2003), coedited by Ichiro Kawachi and Lisa Berkman, is one of the most highly cited texts in the field of neighborhood health research. However, the methods and substantive research have changed a great deal since it was published more than a decade ago. Although research connecting neighborhoods and health has been conducted for many years, research in neighborhoods and health (also known as spatial epidemiology) has indeed exploded in the last few years in particular—both in terms of content and newer methodological approaches, including the use of global positioning systems (GPS) technology to define “activity space neighborhoods.” Each chapter of this book will cover major theories and insights from the accumulated wealth of new research on neighborhoods and health. The book also covers emerging areas in neighborhoods and health research, including chapters discussing neighborhood stigma, as well as on neighborhood home foreclosures.

scholarly journals A Survey to Assess the Quality of the Data Obtained by Radio-Frequency Technologies and Microelectromechanical Systems to Measure External Workload and Collective Behavior Variables in Team Sports

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markel Rico-González ◽  
Asier Los Arcos ◽  
Daniel Rojas-Valverde ◽  
Filipe M. Clemente ◽  
José Pino-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Collection Process ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Global Positioning

Electronic performance and tracking systems (EPTS) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) allow the measurement of training load (TL) and collective behavior in team sports so that match performance can be optimized. Despite the frequent use of radio-frequency (RF) technology (i.e., global positioning navigation systems (GNSS/global positioning systems (GPS)) and, local position systems (LPS)) and MEMS in sports research, there is no protocol that must be followed, nor are there any set guidelines for evaluating the quality of the data collection process in studies. Thus, this study aims to suggest a survey based on previously used protocols to evaluate the quality of data recorded by RF technology and MEMS in team sports. A quality check sheet was proposed considering 13 general criteria items. Four additional items for GNSS/GPS, eight additional items for LPS, and five items for MEMS were suggested. This information for evaluating the quality of the data collection process should be reported in the methods sections of future studies.

Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Microtechnology Sensors in Team Sports: A Systematic Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1025-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cloe Cummins ◽  
Rhonda Orr ◽  
Helen O’Connor ◽  
Cameron West
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Global Positioning Systems ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning

Observer design for monocular visual inertial SLAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-257
Author(s):  
Geoff Fink ◽  
Mirko Franke ◽  
Alan F. Lynch ◽  
Klaus Röbenack
Keyword(s):  
Linear Time ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Observer Design ◽  
State Transformation ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Sufficient Conditions For Convergence

Abstract This paper examines the state estimation problem for unmanned aerial vehicles when commonly used positioning systems such as the global positioning system or indoor motion capture systems are unavailable. The proposed method uses inertial sensor measurements along with scaled position measurements from an onboard computer vision system which implements visual simultaneous localization and mapping. A state transformation puts the system into a linear time-varying form which simplifies observability analysis and allows for an observer design with sufficient conditions for convergence. The proposed design is validated by simulation.

Return to Play in Elite Rugby Union: Application of Global Positioning System Technology in Return-to-Running Programs

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C. Reid ◽  
Jason R. Cowman ◽  
Brian S. Green ◽  
Garrett F. Coughlan
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Game Environment ◽  
Gps Devices

Global positioning systems (GPS) are widely used in sport settings to evaluate the physical demands on players in training and competition. The use of these systems in the design and implementation of rehabilitation and return-to-running programs has not yet been elucidated.Objective:To demonstrate the application of GPS technology in the management of return to play in elite-club Rugby Union.Design:Case series.Setting:Professional Rugby Union club team.Participants:8 elite Rugby Union players (age 27.86 ± 4.78 y, height 1.85 ± 0.08 m, weight 99.14 ± 9.96 kg).Intervention:Players wore GPS devices for the entire duration of a club game.Main Outcome Measures:Variables of locomotion speed and distance were measured.Results:Differences in physical demands between playing positions were observed for all variables.Conclusions:An analysis of the position-specific physical demands measured by GPS provides key information regarding the level and volume of loads sustained by a player in a game environment. Using this information, sports-medicine practitioners can develop rehabilitation and return-to-running protocols specific to the player position to optimize safe return to play.

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