Effect of Daily Cold Water Immersion on Heart Rate Variability and Subjective Ratings of Well-Being in Highly Trained Swimmers

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Al Haddad ◽  
Jonathan Parouty ◽  
Martin Buchheit
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Natural Logarithm

Purpose:We investigated the effect of daily cold water immersion (CWI), during a typical training week, on parasympathetic activity and subjective ratings of well-being.Methods:Over two different weeks, eight highly trained swimmers (4 men; 19.6 ± 3.2 y) performed their usual training load (5 d/wk, approx. 21 h/wk). Last training session of each training day was immediately followed by 5 min of seated recovery, in randomized order, with CWI (15°C) or without (CON). Each morning before the first training session (6:30 AM) during the two experimental weeks, subjective ratings of well-being (eg, quality of sleep) were assessed and the R-R intervals were recorded for 5 min in supine position. A vagal-related index (ie, natural logarithm of the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals; Ln rMSSD) was calculated from the last 3-min segment.Results:Compared with CON, CWI effect on Ln rMSSD was rated as possibly beneficial on day 2 [7.0% (–3; 19)], likely beneficial on day 3 [20.0% (1.5; 43.5)], very likely beneficial on day 4 [30.4% (12.2; 51.6)] and likely beneficial on day 5 [24.1% (–0.4; 54.8)]. Cold water immersion was associated with a likely greater quality of sleep on day 2 [30.0% (2.7; 64.6)], very likely on day 3 [31.0% (5.0; 63.1)] and likely on day 4 [38.6% (11.4; 72.4)] when compared with CON.Conclusion:Five minutes of CWI following training can reduce the usual exercise-induced decrease in parasympathetic activity and is associated with improved rating of perceived sleep quality.

scholarly journals Cold-Water Immersion and Contrast Water Therapy: No Improvement of Short-Term Recovery After Resistance Training

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 886-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos K. Argus ◽  
James R. Broatch ◽  
Aaron C. Petersen ◽  
Remco Polman ◽  
David J. Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Contrast Water Therapy

Context:An athlete’s ability to recover quickly is important when there is limited time between training and competition. As such, recovery strategies are commonly used to expedite the recovery process.Purpose:To determine the effectiveness of both cold-water immersion (CWI) and contrast water therapy (CWT) compared with control on short-term recovery (<4 h) after a single full-body resistance-training session.Methods:Thirteen men (age 26 ± 5 y, weight 79 ± 7 kg, height 177 ± 5 cm) were assessed for perceptual (fatigue and soreness) and performance measures (maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVC] of the knee extensors, weighted and unweighted countermovement jumps) before and immediately after the training session. Subjects then completed 1 of three 14-min recovery strategies (CWI, CWT, or passive sitting [CON]), with the perceptual and performance measures reassessed immediately, 2 h, and 4 h postrecovery.Results:Peak torque during MVC and jump performance were significantly decreased (P < .05) after the resistance-training session and remained depressed for at least 4 h postrecovery in all conditions. Neither CWI nor CWT had any effect on perceptual or performance measures over the 4-h recovery period.Conclusions:CWI and CWT did not improve short-term (<4-h) recovery after a conventional resistance-training session.

Cold Water Immersion Directly and Mediated by Alleviated Pain to Promote Quality of Life in Indonesian with Gout Arthritis: A Community-based Randomized Controlled Trial

2022 ◽  
pp. 109980042110635
Author(s):  
Maria Dyah Kurniasari ◽  
Karen A. Monsen ◽  
Shuen Fu Weng ◽  
Chyn Yng Yang ◽  
Hsiu Ting Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Mobility ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background: Gout arthritis is an autoinflammatory arthritis that generates chronic long-term pain. Pain impacts physical activities, joint mobility, stress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Cold-water immersion therapy reduces inflammation and pain associated with gout arthritis. However, cold-water immersion therapy has not been conducted among people worldwide with gout arthritis. Objective: To investigate the cold-water immersion intervention on pain, joint mobility, physical activity, stress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life among acute gout patients. Methods: A community-based randomized control trial design with two parallel-intervention groups: a cold-water immersion group (20–30°C 20 minutes/day for 4 weeks) and a control group. In total, 76 eligible participants in Tomohon City, Indonesia, were recruited using a multi-stage sampling method and were randomly assigned using block randomization. A generalized estimating equation model was used to analyze the results (coef. β) and produce 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A path analysis was used to analyze mediating effects. Results: Significant pain alleviation ( β = −2.06; −2.42), improved joint mobility ( β = 1.20, 1.44), physical activity ( β = 2.05, .59), stress ( β = −1.25; −1.35), anxiety ( β = −.62; −1.37), and quality of life ( β = 5.34; 9.93) were detected after cold-water immersion at the second-week, and were maintained to the fourth-week time point, compared to pre-intervention and the control group. Depression ( β = −1.80) had decreased by the fourth week compared to the pre-test and control group. Cold-water immersion directly mediated alleviation of pain ( β = −.46, p ≤ .001) and to promote the quality of life ( β = .16, p = .01). Conclusions: Cold-water immersion decreased pain, stress, anxiety, and depression, and increased joint mobility, physical activity, and quality of life. It mediated alleviation of pain to increase the quality of life.

scholarly journals Cold-water immersion combined with active recovery is equally as effective as active recovery during 10 weeks of high-intensity combined strength and endurance training in men

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
Ritva S. Taipale ◽  
Johanna K. Ihalainen ◽  
Phillip J. Jones ◽  
Antti A. Mero ◽  
Keijo Häkkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Running Time

SummaryStudy aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of cold-water immersion (CWI) vs. active recovery performed after each individual strength and endurance training session over a 10-week period of high-intensity combined strength and endurance training.Materials and methods: Seventeen healthy men completed 10 weeks of high-intensity combined strength and endurance training. One group (AR, n = 10) completed active recovery that included 15 minutes of running at 30–40% VO2max after every strength training session while the other group (CWI, n = 7) completed 5 minutes of active recovery (at the same intensity as the AR group) followed by 10 minutes of cold-water (12 ± 1°C) immersion. During CWI, the subjects were seated passively during the 10 minutes of cold-water immersion and the water level remained just below the pectoral muscles. Muscle strength and power were measured by isometric bilateral, 1 repetition maximum, leg press (ISOM LP) and countermovement jump (CMJ) height. Endurance performance was measured by a 3000 m running time trial. Serum testosterone, cortisol, and IGF-1 were assessed from venous blood samples.Results: ISOM LP and CMJ increased significantly over the training period, but 3000 m running time increased only marginally. Serum testosterone, cortisol, and IGF-1 remained unchanged over the intervention period. No differences between the groups were observed.Conclusions: AR and CWI were equally effective during 10 weeks of high-intensity combined strength and endurance training. Thus, physically active individuals participating in high-intensity combined strength and endurance training should use the recovery method they prefer.

The physiological response to cold-water immersion following a mixed martial arts training session

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus Lindsay ◽  
Sam Carr ◽  
Sean Cross ◽  
Carl Petersen ◽  
John G. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Saliva Cortisol ◽  
Counter Movement Jump ◽  
Urinary Neopterin

Combative sport is one of the most physically intense forms of exercise, yet the effect of recovery interventions has been largely unexplored. We investigated the effect of cold-water immersion on structural, inflammatory, and physiological stress biomarkers following a mixed martial arts (MMA) contest preparation training session in comparison with passive recovery. Semiprofessional MMA competitors (n = 15) were randomly assigned to a cold-water immersion (15 min at 10 °C) or passive recovery protocol (ambient air) completed immediately following a contest preparation training session. Markers of muscle damage (urinary myoglobin), inflammation/oxidative stress (urinary neopterin + total neopterin (neopterin + 7,8-dihydroneopterin)), and hypothalamic–pituitary axis (HPA) activation (saliva cortisol) were determined before, immediately after, and 1, 2, and 24 h postsession. Ratings of perceived soreness and fatigue, counter movement jump, and gastrointestinal temperature were also measured. Concentrations of all biomarkers increased significantly (p < 0.05) postsession. Cold water immersion attenuated increases in urinary neopterin (p < 0.05, d = 0.58), total neopterin (p < 0.05, d = 0.89), and saliva cortisol after 2 h (p < 0.05, d = 0.68) and urinary neopterin again at 24 h (p < 0.01, d = 0.57) in comparison with passive recovery. Perceived soreness, fatigue, and gastrointestinal temperatures were also lower for the cold-water immersion group at several time points postsession whilst counter movement jump did not differ. Combative sport athletes who are subjected to impact-induced stress may benefit from immediate cold-water immersion as a simple recovery intervention that reduces delayed onset muscle soreness as well as macrophage and HPA activation whilst not impairing functional performance.

scholarly journals Effects of water immersion on the recovery of upper and lower body anaerobic power following a wrestling session

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1402
Author(s):  
Asim Cengiz ◽  
Mehmet Settar Kocak
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Fitness Parameters ◽  
Exercise Induced

The aim of this study was to examine effects of cold-water immersion after exercise on powerresponses of wrestlers. Twenty elite male wrestlers were formed by similar age, height, weight and fitness parameters. The wrestling training session included a 60-minute of vigorous exercise. It consisted of warm-up exercises, standing technical and tactical exercises that mostly allocates arm and leg muscles. Vertical jump height, ropes climb height, and delayed onset of soreness was measured before, after, 24 h and 48 hors after the wrestling training. Cold-water immersion caused decrements in power loss at each follow-up time in comparison to a thermo neutral immersion.  It can be suggested that the longer time needed for power to return to normal levels after cold treatment and assessment of varied contraction types may present a more broad demonstration of muscle function and consequential capacity for dynamic exercise following exercise-induced muscle damage.

Comparison of Between-Training-Sessions Recovery Strategies for World-Class BMX Pilots

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie-Anne Marquet ◽  
Christophe Hausswirth ◽  
Arnaud Hays ◽  
Fabrice Vettoretti ◽  
Jeanick Brisswalter
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
National Team ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
World Class ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
The Impact

Purpose:To assess the impact of between-training-sessions recovery strategies (passive [PAS], active [ACT], cold-water immersion [CWI], and ingestion of a recovery drink [NUTR]) on maximal cycling performance, perceptions of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and fatigue in world-class BMX riders.Methods:Eleven elite BMX athletes, members of the French national team (top country in the 2011 international ranking, 4 medals at the 2012 World Championships, top European country), participated in the study, which involved standardized training periods. Athletes performed 3 maximal-sprint power tests: the first day of the week before the training session and before and after training on the third day of the week (D3). The recovery strategy was randomly assigned to each participant on day 2 immediately after the last training period of the day. Perceptions of DOMS and general fatigue were recorded on D3.Results:After training on D3, the decrease in maximal-sprint power (Pmax) was significantly greater for PAS than with CWI (P = .02) and NUTR (P = .018). Similar results were found with ACT (vs CWI P = .044, and vs NUTR P = .042). Self-reported DOMS and fatigue were significantly greater after PAS than after other strategies.Conclusions:For elite BMX riders, between training days, nutritional and/or CWI recovery strategies appear to be best for reducing muscle fatigue and increasing the capacity to withstand the training schedule.

scholarly journals Cold Water Immersion After a Handball Training Session: The Relationship Between Physical Data and Sensorial Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime L'Hermette ◽  
Ingrid Castres ◽  
Jeremy Coquart ◽  
Montassar Tabben ◽  
Nihel Ghoul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Physical Data ◽  
The Relationship
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