Children, Young Adults, and Older Adults Choose Different Fast Learning Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Mickeviciene ◽  
Renata Rutkauskaite ◽  
Dovile Valanciene ◽  
Diana Karanauskiene ◽  
Marius Brazaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Dynamic Parameter ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Fast Learning ◽  
Fast Adaptation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Speed Accuracy

The aim of the study was to establish whether there were differences in speed–accuracy movement learning strategies between children, young adults, and older adults. A total of 30 boys, 30 young adult men, and 30 older men were seated in a special chair at a table with a Dynamic Parameter Analyzer 1. Participants had to perform a speed–accuracy task with the right-dominant hand. It may be assumed that the motor variables of children are more prone to change during the fast learning process than those of young adults and older adults and that the development of internal models is more changeable in children than in young adults and the older adults during the fast adaptation-based learning process.

scholarly journals DESAIN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB di MI

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Khotijah Khotijah
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Specific Strategy ◽  
Design Learning ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
School Learning ◽  
The Right

There are two crucial things essence in the learning proses. They are teachers and students. The teachers are the main actors in teaching, and students are main actors in learning. Basically learning is a process of change, from not knowing to know, less good to be good trough interaction between individuals and the environment. In school learning proses is a continous series of activities, planed, integrated which gives overall characteristics in the learning process.  Skill and ways of teaching teachers in managing the learning process is called learning strategies. A teacher must design learning with the right strategy so that the material presented to students can be delivered maximally and please them.  Whether or not the use of a particular strategy in learning depends on the goals, material, character of learners and teachers. So there is no specific strategy that is best and suitable for all learning situations and conditions. But it is the strategies that fit the learning needs. The characteristics of primary school children should be a special consideration in designing of learning strategies.

scholarly journals Learning process analysis based on industrial products in mechanical practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heri Yudiono
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Resources ◽  
Industrial Products ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Revitalization of vocational education must be designed and developed according to the needs of industry through appropriate learning innovations. The selection of the right learning method influences the graduate competencies and learning experiences of students. This study aims to analyze the learning process based on industrial products in mechanical practices. The analysis of the learning process includes giving aperceptions and motivation, mastering learning materials, learning strategies implementation, learning resources or media, involving students, and closing the learning process. The research method used experimental with a static group comparasion design. The design of this study used two groups consist of experimental and control group. Experimental group is respondents who used industrial products-based learning and control group is respondents who used conventional learning (job sheet-based). The sampling used simple random sampling method. Each group consist of 20 respondents. The research respondents were students of the Mechanical Engineering Department Universitas Negeri Semarang who have passed the Mechanical Process I lesson. The study result is there are differences in the mechanical practices process using industrial products-based learning and conventional learning (job sheet-based). Implementation of learning in relation to the gift of apperception and motivation, mastery of learning materials, application of learning strategies, assembling of learning resources or learning media,  participation of students in learning process, and closing the learning process is better to use the industrial products-based learning compare with conventional learning

Aging and Cognitive Skill Learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Kuhns ◽  
Dayna R. Touron
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Skill ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cognitive Skill Learning

The study of aging and cognitive skill learning is concerned with age-related changes and differences in how we gather, store, and use information and abilities. As life expectancy continues to rise, resulting in greater numbers and proportions of older individuals in the population, understanding the development and retention of skills across the lifespan is increasingly important. Older adults’ task performance in cognitive skill learning is often equal to that of young adults, albeit not as efficient, where older adults often require more time to complete training. Investigations of age differences in fundamental cognitive processes of attention, memory, or executive functioning generally reveal declines in older adults. These are related to a slowing of cognitive processing. Slowing in cognitive processing results in longer time necessary to complete tasks which can interfere with the fidelity of older adults’ cognitive processes in time-limited scenarios. Despite this, older adults maintain comparable rates of learning with young adults, albeit with some reduced efficiency in more complex tasks. The effectiveness of older adults’ learning is also impacted by a lesser tendency to recognize and adopt efficient learning strategies, as well as less flexibility in strategy use relative to younger adults. In learning tasks that involve a transition from using a complex initial strategy to relying on memory retrieval, older adults show a volitional avoidance of memory that is related to lower memory confidence and an impoverished mental model of the task. Declines in learning are not entirely problematic from a functional perspective, however, as older adults can often rely upon their extensive knowledge to compensate for certain deficiencies, particularly in everyday tasks. Indeed, domains where older adults have maintained expertise are somewhat insulated from other age-related declines.

MODIFIKASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MIND MAPPING DENGAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN TUGAS DAN PAKSA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dini Yuliani ◽  
Mutiara Bhayangkari ◽  
Maria Ulfah
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Student Discipline ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Mind Mapping ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

This writing aims to improve students' understanding by modifying learning models with appropriate learning strategies that are considered based on the characteristics and intellectual development of students to improve learning outcomes. The learning process in Indonesia is currently still centered on teachers which causes students' memory and understanding to be still low. This is the background for the purpose of mind mapping learning models, namely making patterned visual and graphical subject matter that can help strengthen and recall information that has been studied. The selection of the right learning strategy can improve the results that will be obtained from the application of learning models in the classroom. Forced and forced learning strategies are chosen to complement and perfect the implementation of mind mapping learning models in the classroom. This strategy aims to train students' independence and discipline in learning through assignments given with clear time limits and strict penalties if there are students not completing their assignments properly. The combination of mind mapping learning models with forced and task learning strategies can be an alternative to improve the quality of learning in schools. With the increase in thinking power accompanied by student discipline in learning, the learning process in the classroom will run well and get maximum results so that the objectives of the learning can be achieved. For educators it is recommended to implement mind mapping learning models with forced and forced learning strategies in schools, so that learning objectives can be achieved optimally.

scholarly journals Inovasi pembelajaran berbasis teori kecerdasan majemuk untuk pengembangan peran sekolah di era 4.0

HUMANIKA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-156
Author(s):  
Panggih Priyambodo
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Gen Y ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Learning Patterns ◽  
The Right

Industrial Revolution Era 4.0 has brought disruption phenomena in various fields of life. The characteristics of the younger generation also experienced a shift, especially those that occurred in the millennial generation (gen Y) and generation Z. This condition encouraged schools as formal educational institutions to organize learning processes that can answer global challenges. Innovations in the learning process must be done continuously, one of them through the development of multiple intelligences and the involvement of learning technology elements. The development of multiple intelligences in the learning process requires the creativity of the teacher in selecting and determining the right models and learning strategies. The assessment instrument is not only directed at measuring cognitive aspects but also covers all aspects of competency as required by students. Learning patterns based on the development of multiple intelligences will be more effective if done by raising issues and real problems. Through an inquiry project, students will be actively involved in various forms of learning activities to make it an opportunity to bring up multiple types of abilities. The learning process, based on the development of multiple intelligences, is expected to be able to develop student competencies as a whole. The final result is the formation of adaptive individuals who are able to compete in the industrial revolution 4.0 era without having to leave their local culture.Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 telah membawa dampak fenomena disrupsi di berbagai bidang kehidupan. Karakteristik generasi muda juga mengalami pergeseran, terutama yang terjadi pada generasi milenial (gen Y) dan generasi Z. Kondisi ini mendorong sekolah sebagai lembaga pendidikan formal untuk menyelenggarakan proses pembelajaran yang mampu menjawab tantangan global. Inovasi dalam proses pembelajaran harus terus dilakukan salah satunya melalui pengembangan kecerdasan majemuk (multiple intelligences) serta pelibatan unsur teknologi pembelajaran. Pengembangan kecerdasan majemuk di dalam proses pembelajaran membutuhkan kreativitas dari para guru dalam memilih dan menetapkan model maupun strategi pembelajaran yang tepat. Instrumen penilaian juga tidak hanya diarahkan pada pengukuran aspek kognitif saja melainkan mencakup keseluruhan aspek kompetensi sebagaimana yang dibutuhkan peserta didik. Pola pembelajaran berbasis pengembangan kecerdasan majemuk akan lebih efektif jika dilakukan dengan mengangkat isyu-isyu maupun permasalahan nyata. Melalui proyek penyelidikan, peserta didik akan terlibat aktif di berbagai bentuk kegiatan belajar sehingga menjadikannya berkesempatan untuk memunculkan berbagai bentuk kemampuan. Proses pembelajaran berbasis pengembangan kecerdasan majemuk diharapkan mampu menumbuhkembangkan kompetensi peserta didik secara menyeluruh. Hasil akhirnya adalah terbentuknya individu-individu adaptif yang mampu bersaing di era revolusi industri 4.0 tanpa harus meninggalkan kultur lokalnya. 

scholarly journals ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI STANDAR PROSES PEMBELAJARAN GURU MATEMATIKA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Nunung Sobarningsih ◽  
Hamdan Sugilar ◽  
Rikrik Nurdiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Education Study ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Standard Learning

AbstrakTujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kesesuaian pelaksanaan pembelajaran matematika pada prodi pendidikan matematika dengan kemampuan guru alumni prodi pendidikan matematika dalam melaksanakan standar proses pembelajaran. Keberhasilan proses pembelajaran merupakan hal utama yang didambakan dalam melaksanakan pendidikan di sekolah sebagai upaya meningkatkan keberhasilan dalam pembelajaran matematika.  Kemampuan menguasai materi dan strategi pembelajaran merupakan dua hal kemampuan guru yang tidak dapat ditawar lagi. Melalui penguasaan materi pelajaran akan menghasikan pemahaman dan penguasaan kognitif siswa dengan baik, siswa memahami dan memaknai belajar matematika dengan bermakna dan menyenangkan. Pada pembelajaran siswa merasa nyaman dan tertantang, mereka asyik dan enjoy dalam belajar dikarenakan ketepatan strategi, model, dan metode mengajar yang tepat dan baik. Hal ini dapat terwujud salah satunya apabila guru menyiapkan standar proses pembelajaran dengan tepat, baik dan terukur. Diharapkan alumni pendidikan matematika terampil dan mampu melaksanakan standar proses pembelajaran dan menerapakn ilmu yang telah diperoleh waktu perkuliahan, sebagai feed back juga untuk peningkatan kualitas prodi pendidikan matematika. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa umumnya guru matematika (alumni prodi pendidikan matematika) mampu membuat RPP namun belum mampu mengembangkan pada kegiatan inti pembelajaran, penerapan model yang tercantum RPP belum sepenuhnya dilakukan bahkan belum sampai pada evaluasi dan guru kurang menekankan aspek pengembangan karakter atau akhlak mulia. Kata Kunci: analisis impelementasi, standar proses, matematika AbstractThe purpose of the study was to determine the suitability of the implementation of mathematics learning in mathematics education study programs with the ability of alumni teachers of mathematics education study programs in implementing the standard learning process. The success of the learning process is the main thing that is coveted in implementing education in schools as an effort to increase success in mathematics learning. The ability to master the material and learning strategies are two things that the teacher's abilities are not negotiable anymore. Through mastering the subject matter will produce students' cognitive understanding and mastery well, students understand and interpret learning mathematics meaningfully and pleasantly. In learning students feel comfortable and challenged, they are absorbed and enjoy learning because of the precision of strategies and models, and the right and good teaching methods. This can be realized, one of which is if the teacher prepares the standard learning process appropriately, well and measurably. It is expected that skilled mathematics education alumni and able to carry out the standard of the learning process and receive the knowledge gained during the lecture, as a feed back as well as to improve the quality of mathematics education study programs. The results showed that generally mathematics teachers (mathematics education study program alumni) were able to make lesson plans but had not been able to develop core learning activities, the implementation of the model listed in the lesson plan had not yet been fully implemented and had not even been evaluated and the teacher lacked the character development or noble character. Keywords: implementation analysis, process standards, mathematics

scholarly journals Compromised Brain Activity With Age During a Game-Like Dynamic Balance Task: Single- vs. Dual-Task Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veerle de Rond ◽  
Diego Orcioli-Silva ◽  
Bauke Wybren Dijkstra ◽  
Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry ◽  
Annette Pantall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
Balance Task ◽  
Balance Game ◽  
The Right ◽  
Weight Shifting

Background: Postural control and cognition are affected by aging. We investigated whether cognitive distraction influenced neural activity differently in young and older adults during a game-like mediolateral weight-shifting task with a personalized task load.Methods: Seventeen healthy young and 17 older adults performed a balance game, involving hitting virtual wasps, serial subtractions and a combination of both (dual-task). A motion analysis system estimated each subject's center of mass position. Cortical activity in five regions was assessed by measuring oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) with a functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy system.Results: When adding cognitive load to the game, weight-shifting speed decreased irrespective of age, but older adults reduced the wasp-hits more than young adults. Accompanying these changes, older adults decreased HbO2 in the left pre-frontal cortex (PFC) and frontal eye fields (FEF) compared to single-tasking, a finding not seen in young adults. Additionally, lower HbO2 levels were found during dual-tasking compared to the summed activation of the two single tasks in all regions except for the right PFC. These relative reductions were specific for the older age group in the left premotor cortex (PMC), the right supplementary motor area (SMA), and the left FEF.Conclusion: Older adults showed more compromised neural activity than young adults when adding a distraction to a challenging balance game. We interpret these changes as competitive downgrading of neural activity underpinning the age-related deterioration of game performance during dual-tasking. Future work needs to ascertain if older adults can train their neural flexibility to withstand balance challenges during daily life activities.

scholarly journals Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di MI

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
Ahmad Novinsah
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Design Learning ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
School Learning ◽  
The Right

There are two crucial things essence in the learning process. They are teachers and students. The teachers are the main actors in teaching, and students are the main actors in learning. Basically learning is a process of change, from not knowing to know, less good to be good through interaction between individuals and the environment. In school learning, the process is a continuous series of activities, planed, integrated which gives overall characteristics in the learning process. Skill and ways of teaching teachers in managing the learning process are called learning strategies. A teacher must design learning with the right strategy so that the material presented to students can be delivered maximally and please them. Whether or not the use of a particular strategy in learning depends on the goals, material, character of learners and teachers. So there is no specific strategy that is best and suitable for all learning situations and conditions. But it is the strategies that fit the learning needs. The characteristics of primary school children should be a special consideration in designing of learning strategies.

MODIFIKASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DOUBLE LOOP PROBLEM SOLVING DENGAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN TUGAS DAN PAKSA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dita Anggi Yulinda Ekayati ◽  
Dinda Khoirunisa ◽  
Mardita Galuh Utami
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Double Loop ◽  
Student Responsibility ◽  
Double Loop Learning ◽  
The Right ◽  
Loop Problem

This writing aims to implement a learning model based on the characteristics and analysis of students' thinking by using the right model and strategy in order to obtain optimal learning outcomes. There are problems in education when students are faced with a problem to solve, some students have been able to solve, but some students have problems. Students do not maximize the existing learning resources, students are only fixated on one source, namely the book used, not trying to find answers in other sources. The learning model is one component that is needed in supporting the success of a learning process. The learning model is a learning design that is designed to facilitate the learning process. Learning model Double Loop Problem Solving is one of the learning models that can improve the analysis process of thinking students in solving problems. But the double loop learning model of problem solving has a lack of discipline and lack of student responsibility in solving a problem. Therefore modifications are needed in implementing the learning model Double Loop Problem Solving with task and forced strategies. Forced and forced learning strategies are in the form of giving assignments routinely with little coercion to be collected in a short time or a specified time. The purpose of modifying the Double Loop Problem Solving learning model is to develop individual abilities of students and get maximum learning outcomes with high discipline.

scholarly journals Age-related deficits in bilateral motor synergies and force coordination

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyeonju Kang ◽  
Lisa M. Roberts ◽  
Clara Aziz ◽  
James H. Cauraugh
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Motor Synergies ◽  
Force Coordination ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Multiple Trials

Abstract Background Ageing may cause impairments in executing bilateral movement control. This study investigated age-related changes in interlimb force coordination across multiple trials by quantifying bilateral motor synergies based on the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis. Participants completed the trials with and without visual feedback. Methods Twenty healthy individuals (10 older adults and 10 young adults) performed 12 isometric force control trials for the two vision conditions at 5% of maximal voluntary contraction. All dependent variables were analyzed in two-way mixed model (Group × Vision Condition; 2 × 2) ANOVAs with repeated measures on the last factor. Results The analyses revealed that older adults had greater mean force produced by two hands in both vision conditions (i.e., yes and no visual feedback). Across both vision conditions, the older adult group showed greater asymmetrical force variability (i.e., standard deviation of non-dominant hand > standard deviation of dominant hand) and revealed more positive correlation coefficients between forces produced by two hands as compared with the young adult group. Finally, an index of bilateral motor synergies was significantly greater in young adults than older adults when visual feedback was available. Conclusion The current findings indicate that deficits in interlimb force coordination across multiple trials appeared in older adults.

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