Activity Counts From Accelerometers Do Not Add Value to Energy Expenditure Predictions in Sedentary Overweight Individuals During Weight Loss Interventions

Background:Knowing the total energy expenditure (TEE) of overweight adults is important for prescribing weight loss interventions. However, objective measurements of TEE may not always be readily available and can be expensive. This study aimed to investigate the validity of RT3 accelerometers in predicting the TEE of sedentary overweight adults, and to identify any sensitivity to anthropometric changes.Methods:The analysis used data from a 12-week weight loss study. At baseline and 12-week, TEE was predicted using RT3 accelerometers during whole room calorimeter stays. Bias between 2 methods was compared at and between the baseline and 12-week measurement points. Multiple regression analyses of TEE data were conducted.Results:Predicted and measured values for TEE were not different at baseline (P = .677) but were significantly different after weight loss (P = .007). However, the mean bias between methods was small (<100 kcal/d) and was not significantly different between 2 time-points. RT3 activity counts explained an additional 2% of the variation in TEE at 12-week but not at baseline.Conclusion:RT3 accelerometers are not sensitive to body composition changes and do not explain variation in TEE of overweight and obese individuals in a sedentary environment.

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Adiposity, education and weight loss effort are independently associated with energy reporting quality in the Ontario Food Survey

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980007258598 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 803-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Heather Ward ◽

Valerie Tarasuk ◽

Rena Mendelson

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Primary Source ◽

Reporting Quality ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Total Energy Expenditure ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Men And Women

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the associations of adiposity, dietary restraint and other personal characteristics with energy reporting quality.Design/subjectsSecondary analysis of 230 women and 158 men from the 1997/98 Ontario Food Survey.MethodsEnergy reporting quality was estimated by ratios of energy intake (EI) to both basal metabolic rate (BMR) and total energy expenditure (TEE). Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to examine energy reporting quality between two dietary recalls and in relation to body mass index (BMI) with adjustment for potential confounders. Energy reporting quality was explored across categories of age, BMI, income, education, dieting status and food insecurity through analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsFrom the ANOVA, energy reporting quality was associated with BMI group, age category and weight loss for men and women, as well as with education among women (P < 0.05). The multivariate regression analyses indicated that energy reporting quality was positively associated with education and inversely associated with obesity and dieting. No associations were observed in relation to food insecurity or income (P>0.05). EI:BMR and EI:TEE on the first and second 24-hour recalls were positively related (P < 0.0001 for men and women). A higher proportion of variance in energy reporting quality was explained for women than for men (R2 = 0.19 and 0.14, respectively).ConclusionsStudies of diet and adiposity are probably hindered to some extent by BMI-related variation in energy reporting quality. Methods to address this issue are urgently needed if population surveys will continue to serve as the primary source of dietary intake data.

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Accuracy of total energy expenditure predictive equations after a massive weight loss induced by bariatric surgery

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN ◽

10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.04.013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 57-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michele Novaes Ravelli ◽

Dale A. Schoeller ◽

Alex Harley Crisp ◽

Natalie M. Racine ◽

Karina Pfrimer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Total Energy ◽

Massive Weight Loss ◽

Total Energy Expenditure ◽

Predictive Equations

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Effects of a low carbohydrate diet on energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance: randomized trial

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.k4583 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. k4583 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Cara B Ebbeling ◽

Henry A Feldman ◽

Gloria L Klein ◽

Julia M W Wong ◽

Lisa Bielak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Total Energy ◽

Total Energy Expenditure ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Intention To Treat ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Treat Analysis

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of diets varying in carbohydrate to fat ratio on total energy expenditure.DesignRandomized trial.SettingMulticenter collaboration at US two sites, August 2014 to May 2017.Participants164 adults aged 18-65 years with a body mass index of 25 or more.InterventionsAfter 12% (within 2%) weight loss on a run-in diet, participants were randomly assigned to one of three test diets according to carbohydrate content (high, 60%, n=54; moderate, 40%, n=53; or low, 20%, n=57) for 20 weeks. Test diets were controlled for protein and were energy adjusted to maintain weight loss within 2 kg. To test for effect modification predicted by the carbohydrate-insulin model, the sample was divided into thirds of pre-weight loss insulin secretion (insulin concentration 30 minutes after oral glucose).Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was total energy expenditure, measured with doubly labeled water, by intention-to-treat analysis. Per protocol analysis included participants who maintained target weight loss, potentially providing a more precise effect estimate. Secondary outcomes were resting energy expenditure, measures of physical activity, and levels of the metabolic hormones leptin and ghrelin.ResultsTotal energy expenditure differed by diet in the intention-to-treat analysis (n=162, P=0.002), with a linear trend of 52 kcal/d (95% confidence interval 23 to 82) for every 10% decrease in the contribution of carbohydrate to total energy intake (1 kcal=4.18 kJ=0.00418 MJ). Change in total energy expenditure was 91 kcal/d (95% confidence interval −29 to 210) greater in participants assigned to the moderate carbohydrate diet and 209 kcal/d (91 to 326) greater in those assigned to the low carbohydrate diet compared with the high carbohydrate diet. In the per protocol analysis (n=120, P<0.001), the respective differences were 131 kcal/d (−6 to 267) and 278 kcal/d (144 to 411). Among participants in the highest third of pre-weight loss insulin secretion, the difference between the low and high carbohydrate diet was 308 kcal/d in the intention-to-treat analysis and 478 kcal/d in the per protocol analysis (P<0.004). Ghrelin was significantly lower in participants assigned to the low carbohydrate diet compared with those assigned to the high carbohydrate diet (both analyses). Leptin was also significantly lower in participants assigned to the low carbohydrate diet (per protocol).ConclusionsConsistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model, lowering dietary carbohydrate increased energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance. This metabolic effect may improve the success of obesity treatment, especially among those with high insulin secretion.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT02068885.

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Weight and body composition changes affect resting energy expenditure predictive equations during a 12‐month weight‐loss intervention

Obesity ◽

10.1002/oby.23234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

pp. 1596-1605

Author(s):

Jared H. Dahle ◽

Danielle M. Ostendorf ◽

Zhaoxing Pan ◽

Paul S. MacLean ◽

Daniel H. Bessesen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Weight Loss Intervention ◽

Predictive Equations ◽

Composition Changes ◽

Resting Energy

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Low Dose Leptin Administration Reverses Effects of Sustained Weight-Reduction on Energy Expenditure and Circulating Concentrations of Thyroid Hormones

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem.87.5.8628 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 87 (5) ◽

pp. 2391-2394 ◽

Cited By ~ 188

Author(s):

Michael Rosenbaum ◽

Ellen M. Murphy ◽

Steven B. Heymsfield ◽

Dwight E. Matthews ◽

Rudolph L. Leibel

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Low Dose ◽

Total Energy Expenditure ◽

Metabolic Phenotype ◽

Time Points ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Reduced State

Maintenance of a reduced body weight is associated with decreased 24-hour energy expenditure, and decreased circulating concentrations of leptin and thyroid hormones. To determine whether these adaptive metabolic and endocrine changes are partly leptin-mediated, we measured body composition, aspects of energy expenditure, and circulating concentrations of leptin and thyroid hormones in 4 subjects at 3 time points: 1.) Usual body weight; 2.) While stable at 10% reduced body weight; and 3.) During a 5-week period at 10% reduced body weight while receiving twice per day leptin injections that restored 8 AM circulating leptin concentrations to those seen at usual body weight. During maintenance of a 10% reduced body weight, circulating T3, T4, and leptin concentrations were decreased. All of these endocrine changes were reversed by administration of “replacement” doses of leptin (r-metHuLeptin). Indirect calorimetry, and subtle changes in body composition associated with leptin administration, were used to calculate the net change in stored calories and in 24-hour energy expenditure. Total energy expenditure increased in all subjects during r-metHuLeptin administration. These data indicate that decrease leptin concentrations resulting from loss of fat mass account for some aspects of the endocrine/metabolic phenotype associated with the weight-reduced state.

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Overcoming Health Promotion Barriers in Rural Health: A Qualitative Analysis

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.492 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 128-128

Author(s):

John Batsis

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Health Promotion ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Qualitative Analysis ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Team Member ◽

Adult Weight ◽

Health Promotion Interventions ◽

Weight Loss Interventions ◽

Weight Loss Study

Abstract Weight loss interventions are fraught with difficulties for older adults in rural areas due to transportation difficulties, reduced availability of staff, and lack of programs. Telemedicine can overcome these barriers. A qualitative analysis of data from 44 exit-interviews from a rural-based, older adult weight loss study, informed by thematic analysis, was conducted. Participant’s age was 73 years (73% female) and BMI was 36.5kg/m2. Distance to the site was 24 miles (31 min). Key themes included: a) telemedicine can help improve one’s health, is more practical than in-person visits, is less costly, and time efficient; b) the majority (60%) were initially apprehensive about using telemedicine, a fear that resolved quickly; c) setting up telemedicine was easy and acceptable, despite a quick learning curve; d) having a team member for troubleshooting was important. Using telemedicine in older adults with obesity residing in rural areas should be considered in health promotion interventions.

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Total energy expenditure and energy intake in the pre-school child: a comparison

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19940005 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 13-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Peter S. W. Davies ◽

W. A. Coward ◽

J. Gregory ◽

A. White ◽

A. Mills

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Total Energy ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Population Level ◽

Total Energy Expenditure ◽

Relative Bias ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Older Children ◽

Doubly Labelled Water ◽

The Mean

In a cohort (n 81) of healthy children aged 1.5–4.5 years, measurements of energy intake and energy expenditure were compared. Energy intake was calculated following a 4 d weighed record completed by the mother or guardian of the child. Total energy expenditure was measured using the doubly-labelled water technique. Mean energy intake and expenditure in the cohort were 4773 kJ/d and 4928 kJ/d respectively. The mean relative bias between the techniques was 154 kJ/d. In the older children (3.5–4.5 years) the mean relative bias was only 37 kJ/d. At the population level the measurements of energy intake and energy expenditure were extremely close, and the study has provided sufficient confidence in weighed intake methodology for it to be used in a major nationwide study of dietary intake and nutritional status of children aged 1.5–4.5 years.

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Metabolic Adaptations to Weight Loss: Relative Changes in Resting Metabolic Rate and Energy Expenditure for Physical Activity and Association With Weight Loss Maintenance

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab041_041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 526-526

Author(s):

Rachel Silver ◽

Sai Das ◽

Michael Lowe ◽

Susan Roberts

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Weight Regain ◽

Resting Metabolic Rate ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

The Mean

Abstract Objectives There is persistent controversy over the extent to which different components of energy expenditure disproportionately decrease after weight loss and contribute to weight regain through decreased energy requirements. We conducted a secondary analysis of the CALERIE I study to test the hypothesis that decreased resting metabolic rate (RMR) and energy expenditure for physical activity (EEPA) after a 6-month calorie restriction intervention would predict weight regain at 12 months, with a greater decrease in RMR than EEPA. Methods Participants (n = 46) received all food and energy-containing beverages for 6 months. Outcome measures included total energy expenditure by doubly labeled water, RMR by indirect calorimetry, and body composition by BOD POD. Predictions for RMR and EEPA were derived from baseline linear regression models including age, sex, fat mass, and fat free mass. Baseline regression coefficients were used to calculate the predicted RMR and EEPA at 6 months. Residuals were calculated as the difference between measured and predicted values and were adjusted for body weight. The presence of metabolic adaptation was evaluated by a paired t-test comparing measured and predicted RMR at 6 months. Differences between 6-month RMR and EEPA residuals were evaluated by the same method. Linear regression was used to assess the association between 6-month residuals and weight loss maintenance (% weight change, 6 to 12 months). Results Mean weight loss was 6.9% at 6 months with 2.1% regain from 6 to 12 months. No adaptation in RMR was observed at 6 months (mean residual: 19 kcal; 95% confidence interval: −9, 48; P = 0.18). However, significant adaptation was observed in EEPA (mean residual: −199 kcal; −126, −272; P < 0.0001). In addition, the mean 6-month RMR residual was significantly greater than the mean 6-month EEPA residual (218 kcal; 133, 304; P < 0.0001). There was no significant association between 6-month RMR or EEPA residuals and weight regain at 12 months (P = 0.56, 0.34). Conclusions There was no measurable decrease in RMR with weight loss after adjusting for changes in fat free mass and fat mass, but there was a decrease in EEPA. Changes in RMR and EEPA with weight loss over 6 months did not predict weight regain at 12 months. Funding Sources Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Doctoral Scholarship; USDA agreement #8050–51000-105–01S

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Higher energy requirement during weight-loss maintenance on a low- versus high-carbohydrate diet: secondary analyses from a randomized controlled feeding study

10.1101/19001248 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cara B Ebbeling ◽

Lisa Bielak ◽

Paul R Lakin ◽

Gloria L Klein ◽

Julia MW Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Requirement ◽

Weight Loss Maintenance ◽

Total Energy Expenditure ◽

High Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Doubly Labeled Water ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Feeding Study

ABSTRACTBackgroundLonger-term feeding studies suggest that a low-carbohydrate diet increases energy expenditure, consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity. However, the validity of methodology utilized in these studies, involving doubly-labeled water, has been questioned.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether dietary energy requirement for weight-loss maintenance is higher on a low-versus high-carbohydrate diet.MethodsThe study reports secondary outcomes and exploratory analyses from a feeding study in which the primary outcome was total energy expenditure. After attaining a mean Run-in weight loss of 10.5%, 164 adults with pre-weight-loss BMI of ≥25 were randomly assigned to Test diets containing Low (20%), Moderate (40%) or High (60%) carbohydrate for 20 weeks. Calorie content of Test diets was adjusted to maintain individual body weight within 2 kg of the post-weight-loss value. In analyses by Intention-to-Treat (ITT, study completers, n=148) and Per Protocol (PP, those achieving the weight-loss maintenance target, n=110), we compared estimated energy requirement from 10 to 20 weeks on the Test diets using ANCOVA. Insulin secretion was assessed pre-weight-loss as insulin concentration 30 minutes following 75 grams oral glucose (Insulin-30).ResultsEstimated energy requirement was higher in the Low vs High group by models involving ITT (ranging from 181 [CI 8–353] to 223 [40–406] kcal/d; P≤0.04) and PP (ranging from 245 [43–446] to 295 [91–499] kcal/d; P≤0.02). This difference remained significant in sensitivity analyses accounting for change in adiposity and possible non-adherence. In observational analyses, pre-weight loss Insulin-30 predicted adverse change in body composition following weight loss.ConclusionsEnergy requirement was higher on a low-versus high-carbohydrate diet during weight-loss maintenance, commensurate with total energy expenditure. These data are consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model and lend qualified support for the validity of the doubly-labeled water method with diets varying in macronutrient composition.

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