scholarly journals Self-Determination, Coping, and Goal Attainment in Sport

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Patrick Gaudreau ◽  
Céline M. Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Coping Process ◽  
Sport Competition ◽  
Task Oriented

The aim of the present study was to verify, during a stressful sport competition, the associations between motivational antecedents and consequences of the coping process. Using a two-wave design, we tested a model that incorporates motivational orientations, coping dimensions, goal attainment, and affective states among athletes (N = 122). Path analyses using EQS revealed that self-determination toward sport positively predicted the use of task-oriented coping strategies during a stressful sport competition, while non-self-determined motivation predicted the use of disengagement-oriented coping strategies. Task-oriented coping, in turn, was positively associated with the level of goal attainment experienced in the competition, whereas disengagement-oriented coping was negatively associated with goal attainment. Finally, level of goal attainment was positively linked to an increase in positive emotional states from pre- to postcompetition, and negatively associated with an increase in negative emotional states. Findings are discussed in light of coping frameworks, self-determination theory, and the consequences of motivational and coping processes on psychological functioning.

Perception of Coaching Behaviors, Coping, and Achievement in a Sport Competition

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Nicolas ◽  
Patrick Gaudreau ◽  
Véronique Franche
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
Prospective Design ◽  
Coaching Behaviors ◽  
Sport Competition ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between perceived coaching behaviors, coping strategies during a sport competition, and sport achievement. A prospective design was used in which 80 athletes from individual sports completed measures of perceived coaching behaviors two days before a competition (Time 1) and measures of coping and sport achievement within three hours after a sport competition (Time 2). As expected, results of multiple regressions indicated that supportive coaching was a positive predictor of task-oriented coping and sport achievement whereas unsupportive coaching was a positive predictor of disengagement-oriented coping. Both types of coping were significantly associated with sport achievement. Task-oriented coping was a significant partial mediator in the relation between supportive coaching and sport achievement. This study, which contributes to both the coaching and coping literatures, highlights the role of supportive coaching behaviors in the initiation of effective stress management during sport competitions.

Anxious Breath

Screen Bodies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
Lara Bochmann ◽  
Erin Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Short Film ◽  
Affective States ◽  
The World ◽  
In Trans ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Everyday Task

This article is a theoretical, audiovisual, and personal exploration of being a trans and non-binary person and the challenges this position produces at the moment of entering the outside world. Getting ready to enter public space is a seemingly mundane everyday task. However, in the context of a world that continuously fails or refuses to recognize trans and non-binary people, the literal act of stepping outside can mean to move from a figurative state of self-determination to one of imposition. We produced a short film project called Step Out to delve into issues of vulnerability and recognition that surface throughout experiences of crossing the threshold into public space. It explores the acts performed as preparation to face the world, and invokes the emotions this can conquer in trans and non-binary people. Breathing is the leading metaphor in the film, indicating existence and resistance simultaneously. The article concludes with a discussion of affective states and considers them, along with failed recognition, through the lens of Lauren Berlant’s concept of “cruel optimism.”

Evaluating Risk-Propensity Assessment Methods: Patterns in Repeated Exposure to Emotional Stimuli

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
Sahinya Susindar ◽  
Harrison Wissel-Littmann ◽  
Terry Ho ◽  
Thomas K. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Comparison Results

In studying naturalistic human decision-making, it is important to understand how emotional states shape decision-making processes and outcomes. Emotion regulation techniques can improve the quality of decisions, but there are several challenges to evaluating these techniques in a controlled research context. Determining the effectiveness of emotion regulation techniques requires methodology that can: 1) reliably elicit desired emotions in decision-makers; 2) include decision tasks with response measures that are sensitive to emotional loading; and 3) support repeated exposures/trials with relatively-consistent emotional loading and response sensitivity. The current study investigates one common method, the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART), for its consistency and reliability in measuring the risk-propensity of decision-makers, and specifically how the method’s effectiveness might change over the course of repeated exposures. With the PANASX subjective assessment serving for comparison, results suggest the BART assessment method, when applied over repeated exposures, is reduced in its sensitivity to emotional stimuli and exhibits decision task-related learning effects which influence the observed trends in response data in complex ways. This work is valuable for researchers in decision-making and to guide design for humans with consideration for their affective states.

Promoting the Involvement of Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders in Career and Vocational Planning and Decision-Making: The Self-Determined Career Development Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra T. Benitez ◽  
Jennifer Lattimore ◽  
Michael L. Wehmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Employment Goals ◽  
Vocational Planning

The authors examined the effectiveness of a support model to instruct five youth with EBD to self-direct the problem-solving processes and promote self-determination skills by enabling them to: (a) set employment/career related goals, (b) develop and implement a plan toward goal attainment; and (c) adjust and evaluate progress toward meeting their goals. Participants chose individualized employment goals and worked through the model as a support to planning, implementing, and attaining their goals. An AB design was used to evaluate goal achievement. The results revealed that all participants made progress toward each of their goals. Additionally, all participants reported that they achieved their target goals and were satisfied with the support that the model provided. Results support the potential utility of the model in promoting self-determination skills and increasing positive employment outcomes for youth with EBD.

scholarly journals The Everyday lives and coping Strategies of women in Delhi; Discerning roots of Psychological Empowerment: An Ethnographic Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Sharma ◽  
Dr. Anita Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Positive Coping ◽  
Task Oriented

This is an ethnographic study based on inductive reasoning inspired by everyday life coping of slum women in Delhi. Evidences from field work were found to be congruent with the underlying assumptions of Humanistic and analytical psychology, perspectives which ascertain positive human values and life orientation such as growth, and fulfillment, making it difficult to completely neglect strategies for adaptability, positive coping, and adjustment, which are having a positive influence in everyday lives of slum women in their day-day life. The focus of this study is not to explore the daily life concerns, but to highlight how these concerns are addressed by slum women, with regard to their coping strategies.  The objective of this study was to bring into light the phenomenon of positive adaptability towards daily life concerns, in context with slum women by exploring three coping strategies given by Endler and Parker. Task-oriented strategy, Emotion-oriented strategy, and, Avoidance-oriented strategy three categories which were used to categorize the responses towards daily life stressors.  Finally this study attempts to fill in the prevailing literature gap in the context of the conceptualization of psychological empowerment for slum women based on the findings of this study and trace the roots of psychological empowerment using the perspectives of psychology. This study illustrates analysis of ethnographic records of 50 informants from various slums in Delhi.

scholarly journals Temporal dependency of emotional states at work and its relationship with dynamic performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina De Longis ◽  
Guido Alessandri
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Emotion Dynamics ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
And Performance

Emotion dynamics, how people’s emotions fluctuate across time, represent a key source of information about people’s psychological functioning and well-being. Investigating emotion dynamics in the workplace is particularly relevant, as affective experiences are intimately connected to organizational behavior and effectiveness. In this study, we examined the moderating role of emotional inertia in the dynamic association between both positive and negative emotions and self-rated job performance among a sample of 120 Italian workers (average age 41.4, SD = 14), which were prompted six times per day, for five working days. Emotional inertia refers to the extent that emotional states are self-predictive or carry on over time and is measured in terms of the autocorrelation of emotional states across time. Although inertia has been linked to several indicators of maladjustment, little is known about its correlates in terms of organizational behavior. Findings revealed that workers reporting high levels of positive emotions and high inertia rated their performance lower than workers high in positive emotions, but low in inertia. In contrast, the relation between negative emotions and performance was not significant for either high levels of inertia or low levels of inertia. Taken together, these results suggest the relevance of investigating the temporal dependency of emotional states at work.

Passion and Coping: Relationships With Changes in Burnout and Goal Attainment in Collegiate Volleyball Players

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J.I. Schellenberg ◽  
Patrick Gaudreau ◽  
Peter R.E. Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Obsessive Passion ◽  
College And University ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
University Level ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between harmonious and obsessive passion and coping, and assessed whether coping mediated the relationship between passion types and changes in burnout and goal attainment. College- and university-level volleyball players (N = 421) completed measures of passion, coping, burnout, and goal attainment at the start and end of a season. Results of structural equation modeling, using a true latent change approach, supported a model whereby types of passion were indirectly related to changes in burnout and goal attainment via coping. Harmonious passion was positively related to task-oriented coping which, in turn, was positively associated with change in goal attainment. Obsessive passion was positively associated with disengagement-oriented coping which, in turn, was positively and negatively associated with changes in burnout and goal attainment, respectively. This study identifies coping as a reason why passionate athletes may experience changes in burnout and goal attainment over the course of a season.

Social Cognitive Theory and Motivation

2012 ◽  
pp. 12-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale H. Schunk ◽  
Ellen L. Usher
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulatory Processes

Social cognitive theory is a theory of psychological functioning that emphasizes learning from the social environment. This chapter focuses on Bandura's social cognitive theory, which postulates reciprocal interactions among personal, behavioral, and social/environmental factors. Persons use various vicarious, symbolic, and self-regulatory processes as they strive to develop a sense of agency in their lives. Key motivational processes are goals and self-evaluations of progress, outcome expectations, values, social comparisons, and self-efficacy. People set goals and evaluate their goal progress. The perception of progress sustains self-efficacy and motivation. Individuals act in accordance with their values and strive for outcomes they desire. Social comparisons with others provide further information on their learning and goal attainment. Self-efficacy is an especially critical influence on motivation and affects task choices, effort, persistence, and achievement. Suggestions are given for future research directions.

scholarly journals A Machine Learning Approach to EEG-based Prediction of Human Affective States Using Recursive Feature Elimination Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 335 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Didar Dadebayev ◽  
Goh Wei Wei ◽  
Tan Ee Xion
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Affective Computing ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Recursive Feature Elimination ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Emotion Classification

Emotion recognition, as a branch of affective computing, has attracted great attention in the last decades as it can enable more natural brain-computer interface systems. Electroencephalography (EEG) has proven to be an effective modality for emotion recognition, with which user affective states can be tracked and recorded, especially for primitive emotional events such as arousal and valence. Although brain signals have been shown to correlate with emotional states, the effectiveness of proposed models is somewhat limited. The challenge is improving accuracy, while appropriate extraction of valuable features might be a key to success. This study proposes a framework based on incorporating fractal dimension features and recursive feature elimination approach to enhance the accuracy of EEG-based emotion recognition. The fractal dimension and spectrum-based features to be extracted and used for more accurate emotional state recognition. Recursive Feature Elimination will be used as a feature selection method, whereas the classification of emotions will be performed by the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. The proposed framework will be tested with a widely used public database, and results are expected to demonstrate higher accuracy and robustness compared to other studies. The contributions of this study are primarily about the improvement of the EEG-based emotion classification accuracy. There is a potential restriction of how generic the results can be as different EEG dataset might yield different results for the same framework. Therefore, experimenting with different EEG dataset and testing alternative feature selection schemes can be very interesting for future work.

Daily Reports of Aggressive Behaviors in Interpersonal Conflicts

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110630
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Mumford ◽  
Bruce G. Taylor ◽  
Mateusz Borowiecki ◽  
Poulami Maitra
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Use Behavior

Interpersonal conflicts are inevitable, but the probability that conflicts involve aggressive behavior varies. Prior research that has tended to focus on victimization in intimate partnerships reported through retrospective designs. Addressing these limitations, the current study examines daily reports of behaving aggressively in any conflict across relationships in a sample of 512 young adults drawn from the nationally representative iCOR cohort. Respondent attitudes and affective measures were collected at the end of the daily data collection period. Regression methods were applied to examine the probability and frequency of aggression, investigating early and recent exposure to adversities, attitudes, self-control, affect and emotional states, and alcohol use behavior. Recent adversities and the propensity to endorse a defensive honor code attitude, consistent with theory and retrospective studies of aggression, predicted both prevalence and frequency of aggressive behavior. The associations of childhood maltreatment and self-control with the prevalence of behaving aggressively were as expected, but these constructs were significantly associated with the frequency of aggression with unexpected, inverse directionality. Moreover, respondents’ affect and other emotional states were only associated with the frequency, not the prevalence, of aggressive behavior. Overall, this daily data collection constructively distinguished risk and protective factors for behaving aggressively more often. Further research is needed to disentangle the extent to which affective states drive or is a consequence of frequent aggressive behavior.

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