Construct Validation of Hebrew Versions of Three Physical Self-Concept Measures: An Extended Multitrait-Multimethod Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert W. Marsh ◽  
Michael Bar-Eli ◽  
Sima Zach ◽  
Garry E. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Education Majors ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Physical Education Majors ◽  
Validity Criteria

This study extends support for the construct validity of the three strongest physical self-concept measures for 395 Israeli university students (60% women) aged 18 to 54, demonstrating a new extension of the multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) design that incorporates external validity criteria and a test of jingle-jangle fallacies. Structural equation models of this MTMM data confirmed the a priori 23-factor structure of the three instruments, and the convergent and discriminant validity of factors from each instrument in relation to those from the other instruments. There were few age effects, whereas gender differences were smaller than expected and stable over age. In support of the known-group-difference approach, physical education majors had systematically higher physical self-concepts than management majors. Relations of body image to self-concept factors supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the physical self-concept factors and the separation of body fat from physical appearance self-concepts, but having a more obese body was not significantly related to health self-concept or global self-esteem factors.

scholarly journals A New Approach to the Study of Tolerance: Conceptualizing and Measuring Acceptance, Respect, and Appreciation of Difference

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Hjerm ◽  
Maureen A. Eger ◽  
Andrea Bohman ◽  
Filip Fors Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Approach ◽  
A Value ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Previous empirical research on tolerance suffers from a number of shortcomings, the most serious being the conceptual and operational conflation of (in)tolerance and prejudice. We design research to remedy this. First, we contribute to the literature by advancing research that distinguishes analytically between the two phenomena. We conceptualize tolerance as a value orientation towards difference. This definition—which is abstract and does not capture attitudes towards specific out-groups, ideas, or behaviors—allows for the analysis of tolerance within and between societies. Second, we improve the measurement of tolerance by developing survey items that are consistent with this conceptualization. We administer two surveys, one national (Sweden) and one cross-national (Australia, Denmark, Great Britain, Sweden, and the United States). Results from structural equation models show that tolerance is best understood as a three-dimensional concept, which includes acceptance of, respect for, and appreciation of difference. Analyses show that measures of tolerance have metric invariance across countries, and additional tests demonstrate convergent and discriminant validity. We also assess tolerance’s relationship to prejudice and find that only an appreciation of difference has the potential to reduce prejudice. We conclude that it is not only possible to measure tolerance in a way that is distinct from prejudice but also necessary if we are to understand the causes and consequences of tolerance.

Verbal Aggressiveness: Conceptualization and Measurement a Decade Later

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Blickle ◽  
Amin Habasch ◽  
Wolfgang Senft
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Valid Measure ◽  
Psychological Pain ◽  
Verbal Aggressiveness ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory

Verbally aggressive messages attack an individual's self-concept to inflict psychological pain. Infante and Wigley developed a trait measure of Verbal Aggressiveness; however, the psychometric qualities and validity of the Verbal Aggressiveness scale were not fully explored. In Study I, 119 targets ( Mage = 46.2, SDage = 14.1) and 238 observers ( Mage = 42.9, SDage = 14.4) participated. In Study II, 112 targets ( Mage = 39.9, SDage = 12.9) and 236 observers ( Mage = 37.7, SDage = 11.1) participated. In Study III, 153 college students participated ( Mage = 25.9, SD = 4.6). In these studies, temporal stability over two months, criterion-related validity (target-observer agreement), discriminant validity (employing structural equation models), and construct validity (correlations with the facet and domain scales of the NEO-Personality Inventory-R) were investigated. The results justify considering Verbal Aggressiveness as a personality trait and the Verbal Aggressiveness scale as a valid measure

Assessing Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Influence Behavior Questionnaire

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Blickle
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Peer Ratings ◽  
Rational Persuasion ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Influence Behavior

The purpose was to study convergent and discriminant validity of the 1997 Influence Behavior Questionnaire (short version) used to assess lateral attempts at influence. 479 German employees participated in a multitrait-multimethod study with nine trait measures (Rational Persuasion, Inspirational Appeal, Consultation, Ingratiation, Exchange, Personal Appeal, Coalition, Legitimating, Pressure) and two methods (self- and peer-ratings). Data, analyzed with incomplete structural equation models, supported scales' convergent but not discriminant validity of the influence scales.

A stronger latent‐variable methodology to actual–ideal discrepancy

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 629-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Francesca Scalas ◽  
Herbert W. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Ideal Discrepancy

We introduce a latent actual–ideal discrepancy (LAID) approach based on structural equation models (SEMs) with multiple indicators and empirically weighted variables. In Study 1, we demonstrate with simulated data, the superiority of a weighted approach to discrepancy in comparison to a classic unweighted one. In Study 2, we evaluate the effects of actual and ideal appearance on physical self‐concept and self‐esteem. Actual appearance contributes positively to physical self‐concept and self‐esteem, whereas ideal appearance contributes negatively. In support of multidimensional perspective, actual‐ and ideal‐appearance effects on self‐esteem are substantially—but not completely—mediated by physical self‐concept. Whereas this pattern of results generalises across gender and age, multiple‐group invariance tests show that the effect of actual appearance on physical self‐concept is larger for women than for men. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Tracking the Elusive Actual-Ideal Discrepancy Model Within Latent Subpopulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre J. S. Morin ◽  
L. Francesca Scalas ◽  
Herbert W. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Mixture Modeling ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Discrepancy Model ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Ideal Standards ◽  
Ideal Discrepancy

This substantive-methodological synergy applies mixture modeling to verify whether the elusive, yet widely endorsed, actual-ideal discrepancy (AID) model might be verified in specific subgroups. Relations between Actual and Ideal Appearance, Physical Self-Concept (PSC), and Global Self-Esteem (GSE) were assessed with Mixture Structural Equation Models in a large sample of youth (N = 1,693). The results revealed three profiles, one of which (25.7%) supported the predicted negative effect of Ideal Appearance on PSC. The relations seem to be more complex than assumed, such that the effects of Actual Appearance on PSC/GSE increase as ideal standards increase, and that the negative effects of ideal standards on PSC are only apparent when these standards are lower. These results suggest the need for a revised AID model where ideals play a weighting role in the relations between Actual Appearance, PSC, and GSE.

Convergence of Agents' and Targets' Reports on Intraorganizational Influence Attempts1

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Blickle
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Rational Persuasion ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Formal Organizations ◽  
Influence Attempts ◽  
Inference Theory

Summary The object of the current study was to determine the convergent and discriminant validity of agents' and targets' reports on intraorganizational influence attempts with a structural equation model using latent state-trait analyses. To explain agent-target convergence, we linked the theory of formal organizations to Correspondent Inference Theory. Managers (agents) were asked to describe how they try to influence their boss, a coworker, and a subordinate. These targets also described how the agent tries to influence them. Both agents and targets rated four types of influence attempts twice within 2½ months, namely, rational persuasion, ingratiation, pressure, and upward appeals. In the multitrait-multimethod design, we analyzed 209 complete sets of questionnaires (one agent questionnaire, three target questionnaires, N = 836). The use of structural equation models in analyzing multitrait-multimethod matrices has often resulted in severe difficulties. In the present research, these problems were not encountered. On the whole, the agent-target convergence was low but significant.

scholarly journals Measuring Forgiveness: Psychometric Properties of the Heartland Forgiveness Scale in the Spanish Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Karla Gallo-Giunzioni ◽  
María Prieto-Ursúa ◽  
Cristina Fernández-Belinchón ◽  
Octavio Luque-Reca
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Dispositional Forgiveness ◽  
Scale Reduction ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Acceptable Internal Consistency

Given the scarcity of instruments in Spanish to measure forgiveness, two studies were conducted in this population to obtain validity evidence of the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), an instrument that measures dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. In the first study, 203 students (65% women) participated. After ensuring the linguistic adequacy and clarity of the wording of the items, a lack of congruence was found between the factors obtained in the exploratory factor analysis and the original theoretical structure of the HFS. A sample of 512 participants (63.9% women) attended the second study. This study aimed to analyze the construct validity of the HFS using confirmatory factor analysis through structural equation modelling and to explore convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity. Of the different factorial configurations tested (including the original), only a scale reduction to eight items, grouped into three factors, showed an appropriate fit. The HFS eight-item version also showed acceptable internal consistency, adequate convergent and discriminant validity, and criterion validity with respect to related variables. These findings suggest that the eight-item version of the HFS may be a valid and reliable tool for assessing forgiveness for self, others, and situations in Spanish adults.

scholarly journals Self-esteem, social comparison, and Facebook use

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Bergagna ◽  
Stefano Tartaglia
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Facebook Use ◽  
The Individual

Facebook use is very popular among young people, but many open issues remain regarding the individual traits that are antecedents of different behaviours enacted online. This study aimed to investigate whether the relationship between self-esteem and the amount of time on Facebook could be mediated by a tendency towards social comparison. Moreover, three different modalities of Facebook use were distinguished, i.e., social interaction, simulation, and search for relations. Because of gender differences in technology use and social comparison, the mediation models were tested separately for males and females. Data were collected by means of a self-report questionnaire with a sample of 250 undergraduate and graduate Italian students (mean age: 22.18 years). The relations were examined empirically by means of four structural equation models. The results revealed the role of orientation to social comparison in mediating the relations between low self-esteem and some indicators of Facebook use, i.e., daily hours on Facebook and the use of Facebook for simulation. For females, the use of Facebook for social interaction was directly influenced by high self-esteem and indirectly influenced by low self-esteem. Globally, the dimension of social comparison on Facebook emerged as more important for females than for males.

Common Method Bias in PLS-SEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ned Kock
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Common Method ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Common Method Bias ◽  
Validity Assessment ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Partial Least Squares Method ◽  
Method Bias

The author discusses common method bias in the context of structural equation modeling employing the partial least squares method (PLS-SEM). Two datasets were created through a Monte Carlo simulation to illustrate the discussion: one contaminated by common method bias, and the other not contaminated. A practical approach is presented for the identification of common method bias based on variance inflation factors generated via a full collinearity test. The author's discussion builds on an illustrative model in the field of e-collaboration, with outputs generated by the software WarpPLS. They demonstrate that the full collinearity test is successful in the identification of common method bias with a model that nevertheless passes standard convergent and discriminant validity assessment criteria based on a confirmation factor analysis.

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