Race Relations Theories: Implications for Sport Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl Smith ◽  
Angela Hattery
Keyword(s):  
Race Relations ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Race Relation ◽  
Symbolic Racism ◽  
Sport Leadership ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sport Industry

There have been many discussions about diversity and the value that it brings to the workplace (Ely & Thomas, 2001). Although sport has been deemed a model of diversity, where people of different races and ethnicities comingle as participants and spectators, there is a serious disconnect between perceptions of this diversity and the reality that defines the lack of racial diversity in the management (i.e., coaching and leadership) of sport. The purpose of this essay is to provide an exploration and analysis of the varied ways in which race may influence sport management experiences and opportunities. We frame this analysis through race relation theory, symbolic racism theory, social distance theory, and the concepts of segregation and power. The inferences and implications of our essay are centered on the undercurrent of the status of African American men in sport leadership, who are severely under-represented despite their prominent contribution to the financial vitality of the sport industry as players. The essay concludes with several policies and practices for improving racial diversity in sport management.

Forty Years of Leadership Research in Sport Management: A Review, Synthesis, and Conceptual Framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Welty Peachey ◽  
Yilun Zhou ◽  
Zack J. Damon ◽  
Laura J. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Leadership Studies ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Management Leadership ◽  
Sport Leadership ◽  
Sport Industry ◽  
Leadership Research

Scholars have recognized the importance of leadership in the sport industry; early sport leadership studies emerged in the 1970s. To date, however, there has been no comprehensive review of the scholarly leadership studies in sport management. Thus, the purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the sport management leadership literature from the 1970s to the present day, to outline what has been learned, and then, drawing from this synthesis, to articulate a preliminary conceptual model capturing how leadership operates in sport management. A number of clear themes in sport management leadership research and conceptual thinking have emerged, with the proposed conceptual model advancing several leadership antecedents and processes unique to sport. Intriguing directions for sport management leadership scholarship are also illuminated. Although progress has been made, many questions and gaps remain that require focused attention from sport management leadership scholars.

Internationalizing Ourselves: Realities, Opportunities, and Challenges

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Danylchuk
Keyword(s):  
Sport Management ◽  
Mission Statement ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Global Citizens ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sport Industry ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Globalized World

Internationalization is a very relevant topic on university campuses and most universities include a commitment to it in their mission statement or strategic plans. Over the years, universities have realized the importance of providing students with an international perspective that will prepare them to succeed in an increasingly globalized world. The globalization of the sport industry makes our field an ideal medium for addressing the concept of internationalization. As leaders in the field of sport management, we must ensure that we teach, research, and advocate from an international perspective. This paper discusses how we as sport management academicians and students might prepare ourselves to become global citizens by internationalizing ourselves through our teaching, research, and service. A commentary on the status of internationalization in our field as well as suggestions for change is provided.

Beyond the Glass Ceiling: Sport Management Students’ Perceptions of the Leadership Labyrinth

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg G. Hancock ◽  
Lindsey Darvin ◽  
Nefertiti A. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Sport Management ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Barriers To Advancement ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Sport Leadership ◽  
Sport Industry ◽  
Management Students

Sport management undergraduate and graduate programs have gained popularity throughout the United States and around the world. Despite this, women are still underrepresented in sport leadership positions. Although women have made it to the highest levels of sport leadership roles, studies suggest that advancement to such roles is more challenging for women than for men. Extant literature examines perceptions of women employed in the sport industry but fails to consider perceptions of prospective employees, specifically women, with career aspirations in sport business. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate sport management students’ perceptions of barriers to women’s success and upward mobility in the sport industry using the Career Pathways Survey. Results suggest that female sport management students perceive barriers to advancement in the sport industry, whereas male students do not perceive that barriers exist for women. Practical implications for the sport management classroom include developing male advocates, gender diversity and inclusion in guest presentations, and intentional internship placement.

scholarly journals Linked(In)g Sport Management Education with the Sport Industry: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2275
Author(s):  
Samuel López-Carril ◽  
Miguel Villamón ◽  
María Huertas González-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Educational Innovation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Sport Industry ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Management Students ◽  
The Impact

Social media are one of the most valuable management tools used by sport managers in the fulfilment of their daily tasks. However, the studies that share and analyse the impact of educational experiences that incorporate social media into sport management education for professional purposes are scarce to date. Thus, this study presents an educational innovation piloted in a sport management course where LinkedIn—the social media most associated with the professional sphere—is introduced through an experiential learning methodology, as a driver of students’ career development and as a tool to keep up to date and interact with the sport industry. To assess the learning outcomes, a new scale was developed and tested. A total of 90 Spanish undergraduate sport management students (M = 22.71; SD = 3.84) participated in the study, partaking in a pre-test and a post-test. Regarding the results linked to the testing of the scale, the statistical analysis reflects the scale’s two-dimensional nature, explaining 68.78% of the variance, presenting good psychometric properties (α = 0.95). On the other hand, significant increases in all the scale items between the two measures were obtained, with large effects size in the two dimensions (Cohen’s d ≥ 0.80). Therefore, it is concluded that LinkedIn can help to develop the professional profile of sport management students, Linked(In)g what is taught in the classroom with what the sport industry demands.

Sport Analytics Education for Future Executives, Managers, and Nontechnical Personnel

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Liz A. Wanless ◽  
Michael Naraine
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
Sport Industry ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
Business Acumen

Successfully adopting sport business analytics to enhance organization-wide business processes necessitates a combination of business acumen, modeling expertise, personnel coordination, and organizational support. Although the development of technical skills has been well mapped in analytics curricula, informing future leadership and affiliated nontechnical personnel about the sport business analytics process, specifically, remains a gap in sport management curricula. This acknowledgment should compel sport management programs to explore strategies for sport analytics training geared toward this population. Guided by experiential learning and foundational business analytics frameworks, a seven-module approach to teaching sport business analytics in sport management is advanced with a particular focus for future executives, managers, and nontechnical users in the sport industry. Concomitantly, the approach presents learning goals and outcomes, sources for instructors to review and consider, and sample assessments designed to fit within the existing sport management curricula.

Interns in Professional Sport: An Investigation of Gender Parity on the Job

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn Cuneen ◽  
M. Joy Sidwell
Keyword(s):  
Sport Management ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
Sport Organizations ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sport Industry ◽  
Job Benefits ◽  
One Year ◽  
Management Students ◽  
Big Four

Internships permit sport management students to link classroom learning to the professional environment. Since internships provide students with opportunities to learn on-the-job and test their skills in the marketplace, the experiences should be uniformly beneficial to all students regardless of gender. This study was conducted to describe internship work conditions (i.e., opportunities to perform in essential marketplace functions) for male and female sport management interns assigned to ‘Big Four’ professional sport organizations. Participants were 74 sport industry professionals who supervised a total of 103 interns over a one-year period. A X2 Test of Independence found that male and female interns working in professional sport had comparable opportunities to perform and learn on the job. Differences in opportunity, hiring practices, and on-the-job benefits emerged primarily as a function of job specialization (e.g., operations, marketing, venue management), league/association, or gender of the internship supervisor rather than gender of the interns.

Cruel Optimism in Sport Management: Fans, Affective Labor, and the Political Economy of Internships in the Sport Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Hawzen ◽  
Christopher M. McLeod ◽  
John T. Holden ◽  
Joshua I. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
The Political ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Affective Labor ◽  
Sports Industry ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Sport Industry ◽  
Management Students

For university students in sport management programs, working in sports is often the end goal, and internships have become the most common curricular component for achieving this end. Sport management students bring to these internships various backgrounds and active fan attachments with sports that structure their work experiences and create certain conditions of exploitation. We thus conducted interviews with current and soon-to-be interns to understand their subjective perceptions and experiences of working in sports as fans. Drawing upon Lauren Berlant’s concept of cruel optimism as well as neo-Marxist theories of affective labor, we reveal the structuring contradictions of interns’ work in the contemporary sports industry.

The Blockchain Phenomenon: Conceptualizing Decentralized Networks and the Value Proposition to the Sport Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-335
Author(s):  
Michael L. Naraine
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Value Proposition ◽  
Decentralized Networks ◽  
Digital Footprint ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Sport Industry

The sport industry has experienced significant technological change in its environment with the recent rise of Bitcoin and its underlying foundation, blockchain. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to introduce and conceptually ground blockchain in sport and discuss the implications and value proposition of blockchain to the sport industry. After a brief overview of blockchain and the technology stack, the mechanism is conceptually rooted in the network paradigm, a framework already known to the academic sport community. This treatment argues that the decentralized, closed, and dense mesh network produced by blockchain technology is beneficial to the sport industry. Notably, the article identifies blockchain’s capacity to facilitate new sources of revenue and improve data management and suggests that sport management and communication consider the value of blockchain and the technology stack as the digital footprint in the industry intensifies and becomes increasingly complex.

Understanding the Skills and Competencies Athletic Department Social Media Staff Seek in Sport Management Graduates

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Pate ◽  
Alyssa T. Bosley
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
College Athletics ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Athletic Department ◽  
Sport Communication ◽  
Content Creation ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Sport Industry ◽  
Student Workers

Sport management academic programs can do better at preparing a graduate for a career by addressing the technology demands in the sport industry. Equally important is to weigh the skills that athletic department personnel want and need in a college graduate seeking an entry-level position in a sport communication, media relations, or sports information office. Those offices train student workers as an extension of their learning environment where they can put classroom learning to practice. The purpose of these interviews was to inform and equip sport management educators on how to best prepare students to enter the field of sport communication, specifically using social media in college athletics. Professionals indicated that students should be proficient in content creation and planning, representing an organization’s brand, and social media trends across all platforms. It is important for the sport management educator to know the skills and knowledge professionals desire from students so that classroom activity can be planned accordingly.

A Foot in the Door: An Examination of Professional Sport Internship Job Announcements

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Liz Sattler ◽  
Rebecca Achen
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Academic Preparation ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Student Preparedness ◽  
Key Skills ◽  
Sport Industry ◽  
Job Postings

The sport management internship has been deemed a critical component of students’ academic preparation, as well as a foot in the door for many students seeking full-time employment after graduation. The number of sport management programs has grown in recent years, and the field itself remains highly competitive. Thus, it is increasingly important for sport management programs to help prepare their students for the internship hiring process. Scholarship in this area has largely focused on student perceptions of their internship experience and employer perceptions of student preparedness. But to prepare students for internship experiences in the sport industry, it is essential for faculty to understand the key skills that are sought by industry practitioners making hiring decisions, as well as the administrative requirements included. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the nature of professional sport industry internship job postings in the United States by examining the content of online announcements during a 6-month period. The results indicated that digital content, sales, and operations internships were the most highly sought positions, while basic computer skills, communication skills (both oral and written), and the ability to withstand long hours were the most commonly desired skills.

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