Flow Experience and Athletes’ Performance with Reference to the Orthogonal Model of Flow

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nektarios A. Stavrou ◽  
Susan A. Jackson ◽  
Yannis Zervas ◽  
Konstantinos Karteroliotis
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Flow Experience ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Flow State ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Scale

The purposes of the current study were to examine (a) the differences in Flow State Scale (FSS) subscales between the 4 experiential states of the orthogonal model (apathy, anxiety, relaxation, and flow), (b) the relationship between challenge, skills, and flow experience; and (c) the relationship between flow experience and athletes’ performance. Two hundred twenty athletes volunteered to participate in this study. Challenge of the game and skills of the athlete were measured before and after competition. Thirty minutes after the competition, the FSS was used to measure flow experience. In addition, subjective and objective measures of athletes’ performance were assessed. Athletes in the flow and relaxation states revealed the most optimal states, whereas the athletes in the apathy state showed the least optimal state. There were positive associations between athletes’ flow experience and their performance measures, indicating that positive emotional states are related to elevated levels of performance. On the other hand, there were low or no correlations between athletes’ performance and reported challenge of the game, whereas skills of the athlete were moderately correlated with flow. Multiple-regression analysis demonstrated significant prediction of athletes’ performance based on flow experience during competition. Future research should examine the relationship between flow, athletes’ performance, and additional dispositional and state variables.

FLOW EXPERIENCE DAN PROKRASTINASI AKADEMIK PADA MAHASISWA

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Andhika Setya Pradana ◽  
Dona Eka Putri
Keyword(s):  
Flow Experience ◽  
Academic Procrastination ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
State Scale

Prokrastinasi akademik merupakan hal yang cukup umum terjadi di kalangan mahasiswa. Mahasiswa yang menganggap kemampuan yang dimiliki tidak seimbang dengan tantangan yang dirasakan pada suatu tugas cenderung melakukan prokrastinasi. Keseimbangan antara kemampuan yang diyakini dengan tantangan yang dirasakan merupakan salah satu dimensi dari flow experience. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris hubungan flow experience dan prokrastinasi pada mahasiswa. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 110 orang yang dipilih berdasarkan metode non probability jenis purposive sampling dengan karakteristik mahasiswa Universitas Gunadarma angkatan tahun 2014 dan sedang mengerjakan tugas akhir berbentuk skripsi. Untuk mengukur flow experience digunakan Flow State Scale-General dan untuk mengukur prokrastinasi akademik digunakan Academic Procrastination Scale. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hipotesis penelitian diterima, yakni ada hubungan yang sangat signifikan antara flow experience dengan prokrastinasi akademik dengan arah hubungan negatif, artinya semakin tinggi flow experience, maka semakin rendah prokrastinasi akademik, dan sebaliknya, semakin rendah flow experience, maka semakin tinggi prokrastinasi akademik.

scholarly journals Research on the Flow Experience of Tai Chi Chuan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yang Feng ◽  
Lin Song
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flow Experience ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Tai Chi Chuan ◽  
Action Awareness ◽  
High Level ◽  
State Scale

Abstract (1) ObjectivesTai Chi Chuan has substantial benefits of strengthening the body, helping people to maintain a high level of energy, etc. In this paper, we investigated the experience and psychology state of Tai Chi Chuan exercise.(2) Equipment and methodsBased on flow theory, we used semi-structured interviews and Chinese flow state scale 2 (CFSS2) to study the experience and psychology state of college students exercising Tai Chi Chuan. (3) ResultsIn the process of Tai Chi Chuan, there did exist flow experience or a similar mental state. The score of "autotelic experience " dimension increased with exercise years increased, and the increasing time spent on Tai Chi Chuan after class was positively related to the score of "action-awareness merging " and "concentration on the task at hand "dimension. Also, an interaction effect was found.

Time Flies: Investigating Duration Judgments in Virtual Reality

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1777-1781
Author(s):  
William G. Volante ◽  
Jessica Cruit ◽  
James Tice ◽  
William Shugars ◽  
Peter A. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
State Scale ◽  
Virtual Game

Virtual reality is becoming increasingly popular in today’s society. With this proliferation it becomes even more important to study the effects such environments may have on one’s perception of reality. Two pilot studies were run in order to provide insight into the relationship between time perception and flow in a virtual environment. In Experiment 1 participants played a music-oriented virtual game for 2 minutes. In Experiment 2 participants played a space-shooter virtual game for 5 minutes. Duration Judgment Ratio (DJR) and Flow State Scale (FSS-2) measures were taken and compared to one another. Though a relationship between DJR and Flow was not found in each experiment individually, insights gained from the comparison of the two experiments may provide additional understandings. The results of this pilot study could aid researchers in developing objective ways to measure components of flow especially with respect to virtual environments. Additional insights and applications are discussed.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTIVATION AND FLOW STATE EXPERIENCE IN TENNIS PLAYERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (38) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Aydın İLHAN ◽  
Hayrettin GÜMÜŞDAĞ ◽  
İzzet KIRKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Internal Motivation ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Mood Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Experience

Aim: This research was conducted to examine the relationship between motivation levels and optimal performance mood in tennis players. Research, who played tennis federation due to the tennis club in Turkey is evaluated. Methods: Motivation scale and optimal performance mood scale were used as data collection tools. The scales were sent to 400 tennis players. The data of 308 tennis games that filled the scales completely were used in the study. Tennis players participated in the research voluntarily. The tennis players participating in this study were randomly selected. Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between motivation and emotional states of tennis players in the analysis of the data. The relationship between motivation sub-dimensions and optimal performance emotional state total scores was examined. The analysis of the data was evaluated at the significance level of p <0.01. Conclusion: After the analysis of tennis players, no statistically significant relationship was found between internal motivation and identification with regulation and optimal performance mood. He showed that there is a statistically significant and negative relationship between identification and regulation and non-motivation and between internal motivation and external regulation. We can say that motivation can have an effect on the optimal performance mood of tennis players.

Planning Activities Related to Independent Retail Firm Performance

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Robinson ◽  
Moragea Y. Salem ◽  
John E. Logan ◽  
John A. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between company performance and 50 specific planning activities in a small, independent retail firm setting. Performance was measured using one set of objective measures and one set of subjective measures. Six specific planning activities emerged as having significant relationships with both sets of performance measures.

scholarly journals Quantifying Self-Report Measures' Overestimation of Mobility Scores Postarthroplasty

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1288-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Stratford ◽  
Deborah M. Kennedy ◽  
Monica R. Maly ◽  
Norma J. MacIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Background Self-reports of function may systematically overestimate the ability of patients to move around postarthroplasty. Objective The purpose of this study was to estimate the magnitude of systematic differences in Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index physical function subscale (WOMAC-PF) scores before and after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) by referencing the values to Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distances and Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG) times. Design This study was a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study. Methods The LEFS, WOMAC, 6MWT, and TUG were administered to 85 patients prearthroplasty and once at 9 to 13 weeks postarthroplasty. Regression analysis was applied using a robust error term for clustered data. With the self-report measures as dependent variables and performance measures, occasion (prearthroplasty or postarthroplasty), and performance measure-by-occasion as independent variables, 3 propositions were examined: (1) the relationship between self-report and performance measures is identical prearthroplasty and postarthroplasty (ie, regression lines are coincident); (2) the relationship differs between occasions, but is consistent (ie, regression lines are parallel); (3) the relationship is not consistent (ie, the regression lines are not parallel). Results For all analyses, the results supported the second proposition (ie, the relationship differed between occasions, but was consistent). The systematic differences varied by location of arthroplasty, but were similar for both performance tests. For the LEFS, the difference was approximately 11 points for patients who received TKA and 13 points for patients who received THA. For the WOMAC-PF, the difference was approximately 12 points for patients who received TKA and 19 points for patients who received THA. These differences exceed the minimal clinically important change for an individual patient. Limitations The findings are specific to 9 to 13 weeks postarthroplasty. Conclusion Dependence on scores of self-report measures alone, without knowledge of the magnitude of the identified systematic differences, will result in overestimating the ability of patients to move around postarthroplasty.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Perfectionism and Burnout: A Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Curran
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationships ◽  
Work Domain

A meta-analysis of research examining the relationships between multidimensional perfectionism and burnout is provided. In doing so, relationships before and after controlling for the relationship between dimensions of perfectionism were examined along with whether relationships were moderated by domain (work, sport, or education). A literature search yielded 43 studies (N = 9,838) and 663 effect sizes. Meta-analysis using random-effects models revealed that perfectionistic strivings had small negative or non-significant relationships with overall burnout and symptoms of burnout. By contrast, perfectionistic concerns displayed medium-to-large and medium positive relationships with overall burnout and symptoms of burnout. After controlling for the relationship between dimensions of perfectionism, "pure" perfectionistic strivings displayed notably larger negative relationships. In terms of moderation, in some cases, perfectionistic strivings were less adaptive and perfectionistic concerns more maladaptive in the work domain. Future research should examine explanatory mechanisms, adopt longitudinal designs, and develop interventions to reduce perfectionistic concerns fueled burnout.

scholarly journals Affective States and Performance Outcomes – The Findings of Preliminary Research Involving Pentathletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Samełko ◽  
Monika Guszkowska
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
State Variables ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction. The aim of this article is to discuss the relationship between affective states experienced by athletes and the outcome of their performance. The article presents the findings of a pilot study which made it possible to determine the relationship between the emotional states, mood, and level of stress of a group of pentathletes and the outcomes they achieved in a sports competition. Material and methods. The study involved 12 senior modern pentathletes, including 7 male and 5 female athletes. The following standard psychology questionnaires were used in the study: the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the Profile of Mood State (POMS). Performance was assessed based on the number of points achieved by the pentathletes in particular events in the pentathlon, which are held according to the rules set by the International Modern Pentathlon Union (UIPM). Results. The findings of the study confirmed that there was a correlation between the athletes’ mood and emotions and the outcome of their performance. The level of stress strongly negatively correlated with both the outcome they expected to achieve and the one they actually achieved for the combined event (running and shooting). For this event a relationship was also found between the athletes’ affective states and their outcomes: in running and shooting there was a positive and statistically significant correlation between the level of positive emotions and anger and the results achieved. However, friendliness, one of the other affective state variables that were measured, correlated negatively with the outcomes of the athletes’ performance. Conclusions. In the group of pentathletes who participated in the study, a high level of anger was associated with better outcomes, and a high level of friendliness had an adverse effect on the results achieved. The findings of the current study confirm that there is a relationship between affective states and performance outcomes, but the findings do not correspond with Morgan’s iceberg profile.

scholarly journals DISEASE REPRESENTATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COPING STYLES IN ADOLESCENTS WITH TUMOURS OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Natal’ya Ye. Kharlamenkova
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experience Of Stress ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

The investigation results of the disease representation and its relationship with the coping styles in adolescents (n = 43) with tumour of the musculoskeletal system are discussed. The data obtained before and after surgery for the removal of the musculoskeletal tumour were compared. The results expected in accordance with the hypothesis that estimates of physical and emotional states dominate in adolescents disease representations have not been confirmed. It is shown that disease representation correlates with the social support and coping resources (motivation for recovery) and practically does not include the characteristics of the child’s physical and emotional states. A comparison of the relationship between disease representation and coping styles in subgroups of adolescents with different levels of stress revealed the following differences: with a low level of stress, the motivation for recovery as the child’s internal resource is correlated with an active search for social support which at the stage after surgery, begins to be supported by different styles of coping behaviour – solving the problem and reference to others; intense experience of stress significantly limits the possibilities of a teenager which correlates its disease with the physical and emotional problems solved by passively waiting for help from loved ones. Own resources to cope with difficult life situations in adolescents with high levels of stress are not widely available.

scholarly journals Peripheral-physiological and neural correlates of the flow experience while playing video games: a comprehensive review

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10520
Author(s):  
Shiva Khoshnoud ◽  
Federico Alvarez Igarzábal ◽  
Marc Wittmann
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Flow Experience ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Relationship

The flow state is defined by intense involvement in an activity with high degrees of concentration and focused attention accompanied by a sense of pleasure. Video games are effective tools for inducing flow, and keeping players in this state is considered to be one of the central goals of game design. Many studies have focused on the underlying physiological and neural mechanisms of flow. Results are inconsistent when describing a unified mechanism underlying this mental state. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the physiological and neural correlates of flow and explains the relationship between the reported physiological and neural markers of the flow experience. Despite the heterogeneous results, it seems possible to establish associations between reported markers and the cognitive and experiential aspects of flow, particularly regarding arousal, attention control, reward processing, automaticity, and self-referential processing.

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