scholarly journals Nanobiohybrids: Materials approaches for bioaugmentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. eaaz0330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Guo ◽  
Joseph J. Richardson ◽  
Biao Kong ◽  
Kang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Materials Engineering ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
And Robotics

Nanobiohybrids, synthesized by integrating functional nanomaterials with living systems, have emerged as an exciting branch of research at the interface of materials engineering and biological science. Nanobiohybrids use synthetic nanomaterials to impart organisms with emergent properties outside their scope of evolution. Consequently, they endow new or augmented properties that are either innate or exogenous, such as enhanced tolerance against stress, programmed metabolism and proliferation, artificial photosynthesis, or conductivity. Advances in new materials design and processing technologies made it possible to tailor the physicochemical properties of the nanomaterials coupled with the biological systems. To date, many different types of nanomaterials have been integrated with various biological systems from simple biomolecules to complex multicellular organisms. Here, we provide a critical overview of recent developments of nanobiohybrids that enable new or augmented biological functions that show promise in high-tech applications across many disciplines, including energy harvesting, biocatalysis, biosensing, medicine, and robotics.

The Role of Financial Innovation in EU Market Integration and the Capital Markets Union

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilios Avgouleas
Keyword(s):  
Capital Markets ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Financial Innovation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Capital Markets Union ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
The Eu

This chapter offers a critical overview of the issues that the European Union 27 (EU-27) will face in the context of making proper use of financial innovation to further market integration and risk sharing in the internal financial market, both key objectives of the drive to build a Capital Markets Union. Among these is the paradigm shift signalled by a technological revolution in the realm of finance and payments, which combines advanced data analytics and cloud computing (so-called FinTech). The chapter begins with a critical analysis of financial innovation and FinTech. It then traces the EU market integration efforts and explains the restrictive path of recent developments. It considers FinTech's potential to aid EU market integration and debates the merits of regulation dealing with financial innovation in the context of building a capital markets union in EU-27.

scholarly journals Cardiac Organoids to Model and Heal Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Magali Seguret ◽  
Eva Vermersch ◽  
Charlène Jouve ◽  
Jean-Sébastien Hulot
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Cardiac Functions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Human Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Key Aspects

Cardiac tissue engineering aims at creating contractile structures that can optimally reproduce the features of human cardiac tissue. These constructs are becoming valuable tools to model some of the cardiac functions, to set preclinical platforms for drug testing, or to alternatively be used as therapies for cardiac repair approaches. Most of the recent developments in cardiac tissue engineering have been made possible by important advances regarding the efficient generation of cardiac cells from pluripotent stem cells and the use of novel biomaterials and microfabrication methods. Different combinations of cells, biomaterials, scaffolds, and geometries are however possible, which results in different types of structures with gradual complexities and abilities to mimic the native cardiac tissue. Here, we intend to cover key aspects of tissue engineering applied to cardiology and the consequent development of cardiac organoids. This review presents various facets of the construction of human cardiac 3D constructs, from the choice of the components to their patterning, the final geometry of generated tissues, and the subsequent readouts and applications to model and treat cardiac diseases.

scholarly journals Introduction to the Special Issue “Radiative Transfer in the Earth Atmosphere”

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Irina Sokolik
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Earth Atmosphere ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Radiative Impact ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Developments

This Special Issue aims at addressing the recent developments towards improving our understanding of the diverse radiative impact of different types of aerosols and clouds [...]

Robot death care: A study of funerary practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-621
Author(s):  
Hannah Gould ◽  
Michael Arnold ◽  
Tamara Kohn ◽  
Bjørn Nansen ◽  
Martin Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Cultural Anxieties ◽  
Telepresence Robots ◽  
Death Care ◽  
And Robotics ◽  
Robotic Technologies

Across the globe, human experiences of death, dying, and grief are now shaped by digital technologies and, increasingly, by robotic technologies. This article explores how practices of care for the dead are transformed by the participation of non-human, mechanised agents. We ask what makes a particular robot engagement with death a breach or an affirmation of care for the dead by examining recent entanglements between humans, death, and robotics. In particular, we consider telepresence robots for remote attendance of funerals; semi-humanoid robots officiating in a religious capacity at memorial services; and the conduct of memorial services by robots, for robots. Using the activities of robots to ground our discussion, this article speaks to broader cultural anxieties emerging in an era of high-tech life and high-tech death, which involve tensions between human affect and technological effect, machinic work and artisanal work, humans and non-humans, and subjects and objects.

scholarly journals Innovative Seafood Preservation Technologies: Recent Developments

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Michael G. Kontominas ◽  
Anastasia V. Badeka ◽  
Ioanna S. Kosma ◽  
Cosmas I. Nathanailides
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Seafood Products ◽  
Fishery Products ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Fish And Fishery Products ◽  
Natural Preservatives

Fish and fishery products are among the food commodities of high commercial value, high-quality protein content, vitamins, minerals and unsaturated fatty acids, which are beneficial to health. However, seafood products are highly perishable and thus require proper processing to maintain their quality and safety. On the other hand, consumers, nowadays, demand fresh or fresh-like, minimally processed fishery products that do not alter their natural quality attributes. The present article reviews the results of studies published over the last 15 years in the literature on: (i) the main spoilage mechanisms of seafood including contamination with pathogens and (ii) innovative processing technologies applied for the preservation and shelf life extension of seafood products. These primarily include: high hydrostatic pressure, natural preservatives, ozonation, irradiation, pulse light technology and retort pouch processing.

REGULATION IN MANAGEMENT OF HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (65) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Natalya L. Gagulina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Regulatory Barriers ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
And Robotics ◽  
Market Disequilibrium

The article analyzes the institutional provision of the regulatory functions of the state in such areas as artificial intelligence and robotics. The analysis is based on the Concept of the development of regulation of relations in the field of artificial intelligence and robotics technologies until 2024. Among the problematic areas of regulation are the restriction of competition, the loss of flexibility in economic relations and the market disequilibrium. It is shown that the solution of these problems requires an integrated approach. So, to implement the concept of “smart city”, it is necessary not only to weaken or remove regulatory barriers, but also to use additional tools that have already applied in the world practice. An opportunity of applying of theoretical and methodological base of quality economics is considered. The solution to a significant part of the problems of digitalization of the region’s economy is the use in the management of the development of the “smart city” the international standard “Sustainable cities and Communities – Indicators for smart cities”.

The analysis of the network structures in high tech industrial enterprises

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.N. Gorlacheva ◽  
E.M. Ivannikova ◽  
A.P. Vasilenko
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structures ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Productive Work ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Share Information

The relevance of information and the speed of its processing are of significant importance for high-tech industrial enterprises. To solve this problem, R&D departments are created within enterprises, but often all efforts are broken down by inefficient organizational structures. Purpose of the research– identify patterns that will ensure the most productive work with innovations. For the dissemination of new ideas in the enterprise, the role distribution of employees is more important. The impact of the ability to freely share information does not affect the results as much as the change in the ratio of different types of employees. The determined share of conservative employees (30-40% of the total number) allows us to determine the optimal ratio of employees who test innovative ideas for adequacy, in order to maximize the number of successfully accepted ideas by the team.

Treating Afro hair loss: signs, symptoms and specialist interest

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Ingrid Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Hair Care ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

This article explores the different types of hair loss that black women may experience more than other groups of patients. Properties of African hair and the impact of hair care practices are discussed, as well as factors affecting the presentation of other hair loss conditions. It is important for the aesthetic practitioner to be able to distinguish between the temporary forms of hair loss that they can help to treat and the permanent or scarring forms of hair loss, which need a prompt referral to a dermatologist with a specialist interest in hair. Prompt recognition and referral can help to delay the progression of hair loss. The symptoms and signs that patients and practitioners should be alerted to are explored, as well as the treatments that can help and where referrals may be necessary. Recent developments and gaps in knowledge are summarised.

scholarly journals Geometric Effect for Biological Reactors and Biological Fluids

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazusa Beppu ◽  
Ziane Izri ◽  
Yusuke Maeda ◽  
Ryota Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Active Matter ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Motile Cells ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
A Cell

As expressed “God made the bulk; the surface was invented by the devil” by W. Pauli, the surface has remarkable properties because broken symmetry in surface alters the material properties. In biological systems, the smallest functional and structural unit, which has a functional bulk space enclosed by a thin interface, is a cell. Cells contain inner cytosolic soup in which genetic information stored in DNA can be expressed through transcription (TX) and translation (TL). The exploration of cell-sized confinement has been recently investigated by using micron-scale droplets and microfluidic devices. In the first part of this review article, we describe recent developments of cell-free bioreactors where bacterial TX-TL machinery and DNA are encapsulated in these cell-sized compartments. Since synthetic biology and microfluidics meet toward the bottom-up assembly of cell-free bioreactors, the interplay between cellular geometry and TX-TL advances better control of biological structure and dynamics in vitro system. Furthermore, biological systems that show self-organization in confined space are not limited to a single cell, but are also involved in the collective behavior of motile cells, named active matter. In the second part, we describe recent studies where collectively ordered patterns of active matter, from bacterial suspensions to active cytoskeleton, are self-organized. Since geometry and topology are vital concepts to understand the ordered phase of active matter, a microfluidic device with designed compartments allows one to explore geometric principles behind self-organization across the molecular scale to cellular scale. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives of a microfluidic approach to explore the further understanding of biological systems from geometric and topological aspects.

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