Footprints support claim of early arrival in the Americas

Numerous publications are devoted to plant phenological trends of all trees, shrubs and herbs. In this work we focus on trees of the forest. We take into account the spring season (leaf and needle development) as well as the autumn (colour turning and shedding of leaves) for larch, spruce and beech, and,owing to the lack of further autumn phases, the horse chestnut. The proportion of significant trends is variable, depending on the phenological phase. The strongest trend to early arrival in spring was measured for needles of the larch for the period between 1951 and 2000 with over 20 days. The leaves of the horse chestnut show the earliest trend to turn colour in autumn. Beech leaves have also changed colour somewhat earlier over the past 50 years. The trend for shedding leaves, on the other hand, is slightly later. Regional differences were examined for the growth of needles in the larch where the weakest trends towards early growth are found in Canton Jura and the strongest on the southern side of the Alps. The warming of the climate strongly influences phenological arrival times. Trees in the forest react to this to in a similar way to other plants that have been observed (other trees, shrubs and herbs).

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The relationship between time to a high COVID-19 response level and timing of peak daily incidence: an analysis of governments’ Stringency Index from 148 countries

Infectious Diseases of Poverty ◽

10.1186/s40249-021-00880-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yan Ma ◽

Shiva Raj Mishra ◽

Xi-Kun Han ◽

Dong-Shan Zhu

Keyword(s):

Standard Error ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Response Level ◽

Peak Number ◽

Epidemic Curve ◽

Government Response ◽

Early Arrival ◽

High Level ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background The transmission dynamics and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is different across countries or regions. Differences in governments’ policy responses may explain some of these differences. We aimed to compare worldwide government responses to the spread of COVID-19, to examine the relationship between response level, response timing and the epidemic trajectory. Methods Free publicly-accessible data collected by the Coronavirus Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) were used. Nine sub-indicators reflecting government response from 148 countries were collected systematically from January 1 to May 1, 2020. The sub-indicators were scored and were aggregated into a common Stringency Index (SI, a value between 0 and 100) that reflects the overall stringency of the government’s response in a daily basis. Group-based trajectory modelling method was used to identify trajectories of SI. Multivariable linear regression models were used to analyse the association between time to reach a high-level SI and time to the peak number of daily new cases. Results Our results identified four trajectories of response in the spread of COVID-19 based on when the response was initiated: before January 13, from January 13 to February 12, from February 12 to March 11, and the last stage—from March 11 (the day WHO declared a pandemic of COVID-19) on going. Governments’ responses were upgraded with further spread of COVID-19 but varied substantially across countries. After the adjustment of SI level, geographical region and initiation stages, each day earlier to a high SI level (SI > 80) from the start of response was associated with 0.44 (standard error: 0.08, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.65) days earlier to the peak number of daily new case. Also, each day earlier to a high SI level from the date of first reported case was associated with 0.65 (standard error: 0.08, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.42) days earlier to the peak number of daily new case. Conclusions Early start of a high-level response to COVID-19 is associated with early arrival of the peak number of daily new cases. This may help to reduce the delays in flattening the epidemic curve to the low spread level. Graphic abstract

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Can the timing of hospitalization influence the outcomes of childbirth?

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.724 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

L Kundisova ◽

N Nante ◽

S Bardelli ◽

C Lorenzini ◽

L Alaimo

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Lower Probability ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Interventions ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Early Arrival ◽

High Possibility ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background The timing of hospitalization of pregnant females could influence the outcomes of both mother and the baby. The aim of this study was to analyze impact of coming to hospital too early on outcomes of childbirth. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the birth center of Siena University hospital (Italy), all women that gave birth between 2017 and 2019 were included. Examined variables were: age, parity, gestational age: GA(weeks), Bishop score at admission: BS (0-13; >9 high possibility of spontaneous delivery), time to delivery:TTD (min), labor duration:LD (min), n°of interventions (induction, amniorhexis, augmentation):NI, type of birth (vaginal/caesarean section: CS/operational birth: OB), laceration, episiotomy, hematic loss: HL (ml), skin to skin:StS and initiation of breastfeeding: BR (yes/no). The females that came too early were identified if TTD >75° percentile. Analysis was performed with Stata 12. Results A total of 758 females were analyzed (32.0±5.2years), 55.5% multiparous, average GA was 39.6±1weeks, average BS was 7.2±2.5; 63% had BS <9. Average TTD was 376.7±318.5min; 23% came too early (TTD 865.6±244), more likely primiparous (OR 3.9) and those with higher GA (OR 1.2). A negative correlation between BS and TTD was observed (Rho=-0.6), females with BS <9 had higher probability to have prolonged TTD (OR10.8). Ninety-three% had vaginal birth, 6%CS, 1%OB Average LD was 169.1±145 min, average NI was 0.64±0.93, 78% had lacerations, 7.2% episiotomy. Average HL was 299.3±282.7ml. Females with prolonged TTD had higher NI (1.2 ±1 vs 0.4±0.6), higher probability of CS (OR 3), OB (OR4.5) and episiotomy (OR3.6), lower probability of StS and BR (OR 0.9), prolonged LD (299±184 vs. 120±102) and major HL (347.2±301.8 vs 284.9±275.4). Conclusions Our study showed an association between too early arrival to hospital and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in terms of higher use of medical interventions that can interfere with physiological processes. Key messages The risk of arriving too early in hospital for labor was higher in primiparous and in those with higher gestational age. The too early arrival in hospital for labor was associated within increased use of medical interventions, interfering with physiological processes.

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Importance of early arrival of adult Harmonia axyridis for control of Aphis spiraecola on apple

BioControl ◽

10.1007/s10526-010-9311-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 65-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. W. Brown

Keyword(s):

Harmonia Axyridis ◽

Aphis Spiraecola ◽

Early Arrival

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Overseas doctors' training scheme

Psychiatric Bulletin ◽

10.1192/pb.16.11.701 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 701-702

Author(s):

R. A. Adeniran

Keyword(s):

Training Programme ◽

Training Scheme ◽

Early Arrival ◽

Pertinent Information ◽

To Come ◽

The Uk

About a year after applying to come on the Overseas Doctors' Training Scheme (ODTS), I was offered a post. The letter arrived about two months before I was to start work in the UK; it contained pertinent information about my job, the training programme, and the community I would live in. The information and its early arrival enabled me to make adequate preparation for my trip.

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Priority Treatment Leaves Grassland Restoration Vulnerable to Invasion

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d12020071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katharine L. Stuble ◽

Truman P. Young

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Priority Effects ◽

Native Grasses ◽

Target Species ◽

California Grasslands ◽

Early Arrival ◽

Regional Species Pool ◽

Conservation Concern ◽

Indirect Impacts ◽

One Year

Priority effects can be used to promote target species during restoration. Early planting can provide an advantage over later-arriving species, increasing abundance of these early-arrivers in restored communities. However, we have limited knowledge of the indirect impacts of priority effects in restoration. In particular, we do not understand how priority effects impact non-target species. Of particular conservation concern is how these priority effects influence establishment by non-native species. We use a field-based mesocosm experiment to explore the impacts of priority effects on both target and non-target species in California grasslands. Specifically, we seeded native grasses and forbs, manipulating order of arrival by planting them at the same time, planting forbs one year before grasses, planting grasses one year before forbs, or planting each functional group alone. While our study plots were tilled and weeded for the first year, the regional species pool was heavily invaded. We found that, while early-arrival of native grasses did not promote establishment of non-native species, giving priority to native forbs ultimately left our restoration mesocosms vulnerable to invasion by non-native species. This suggests that, in some cases, establishment of non-native species may be an unintended consequence of using priority treatments as a restoration tool.

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A study on length of stay and its predictors among dengue patients in a tertiary care institute in Lucknow

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195071 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 4870

Author(s):

Sandhya Mishra ◽

Deepak Chopra ◽

Nidhi Jauhari ◽

Ausaf Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Length Of Stay ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Arrival

Background: Dengue virus infection is a growing health problem and is prevalent throughout India. Research focusing on length of hospital stay and its predictors is scarce from India. This is important considering the burden of the disease during epidemics and impact on hospital admissions. Hence the study was conducted with the objectives to find out the factors influencing the length of stay in hospital of dengue patients.Methods: A cross sectional retrospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care hospital from August 2016 to October 2016. Data was retrieved from case sheets at Medical Record Department of 350 lab confirmed adult dengue patients admitted in the hospital.Results: The majority of patients admitted were of economically productive age group of 18-45 years and males indicating the occupational exposure to the vector of dengue. The study found that majority had length of stay of less than a week and as age increases the length of stay also increases (statistically significant). The nil case fatality and lesser number of mean days of symptoms before admission possibly indicate that early arrival of patients to hospital can lead to very low fatality rates. Further research required to find out the other predictors of length of stay.Conclusions: The study concludes that the dengue affects the economically productive age group and more males thereby indicating occupational exposure to the vector. The age of the patient can be used as an indicator to the length of stay in the hospital.

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Factors influencing nonadministration of thrombolytic therapy in early arrival strokes in a university hospital in Hyderabad, India

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology ◽

10.4103/0972-2327.179976 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 351

Author(s):

Subhash Kaul ◽

Lalitha Pidaparthi ◽

Anitha Kotha ◽

VenkatReddy Aleti ◽

AbhijeetKumar Kohat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thrombolytic Therapy ◽

University Hospital ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Early Arrival

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Intra-Abdominal Lipopolysaccharide Clearance and Inactivation in Peritonitis: Key Roles for Lipoproteins and the Phospholipid Transfer Protein

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.622935 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Maxime Nguyen ◽

Gaëtan Pallot ◽

Antoine Jalil ◽

Annabelle Tavernier ◽

Aloïs Dusuel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Central Compartment ◽

Phospholipid Transfer Protein ◽

Wild Type ◽

Transfer Protein ◽

Early Arrival ◽

Phospholipid Transfer ◽

Pass Through ◽

Lps Binding

IntroductionDuring peritonitis, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) cross the peritoneum and pass through the liver before reaching the central compartment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of lipoproteins and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) in the early stages of LPS detoxification.Material and MethodsPeritonitis was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of LPS in mice. We analyzed peritoneal fluid, portal and central blood. Lipoprotein fractions were obtained by ultracentrifugation and fast protein liquid chromatography. LPS concentration and activity were measured by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and limulus amoebocyte lysate. Wild-type mice were compared to mice knocked out for PLTP.ResultsIn mice expressing PLTP, LPS was able to bind to HDL in the peritoneal compartment, and this was maintained in plasma from portal and central blood. A hepatic first-pass effect of HDL-bound LPS was observed in wild-type mice. LPS binding to HDL resulted in an early arrival of inactive LPS in the central blood of wild-type mice.ConclusionPLTP promotes LPS peritoneal clearance and neutralization in a model of peritonitis. This mechanism involves the early binding of LPS to lipoproteins inside the peritoneal cavity, which promotes LPS translocation through the peritoneum and its uptake by the liver.

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Early Arrival of the Swift

Nature ◽

10.1038/055508a0 ◽

1897 ◽

Vol 55 (1431) ◽

pp. 508-508

Author(s):

ALFRED NEWTON

Keyword(s):

Early Arrival

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