scholarly journals Penetration of Rufloxacin into the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Patients with Inflamed and Uninflamed Meninges

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vittoria Moretti ◽  
Sergio Pauluzzi ◽  
Marina Cesana
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Aseptic Meningitis ◽  
Multiple Dose ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Multiple Dose Regimen ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Forty-four patients scheduled for lumbar puncture (LP) were recruited to determine the level of penetration of orally administered rufloxacin into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The patients were divided into three clinical groups: those with normal CSF (groups A1d and A7d), those with aseptic meningitis (group B), and those with bacterial meningitis (group C). Members of group A1d received a single 400-mg rufloxacin dose, while group A7d, B, and C constituents had a multiple-dose regimen (one 400-mg dose, followed by one 200-mg dose daily for 6 days). LP was performed on group A1d members 5 h after they had received treatment, while for group A7d it was undertaken 5 h after administration of the last dose. For group B, LP was performed 5 h after the first and the last doses, whereas for group C it was undertaken after the first, fourth, and last doses. Concentrations of rufloxacin in simultaneously collected CSF and plasma samples were determined. Mean CSF/plasma rufloxacin concentration ratios ranged from 0.57 to 0.84, depending on the study group. A higher, but not statistically significant, degree of penetration into CSF was observed in patients with bacterial meningitis than in those with normal CSF or aseptic meningitis. These data indicate that rufloxacin diffuses efficiently into the CSF of patients with either inflamed or uninflamed meninges.

Does laryngopharyngeal reflux affect healing and recovery after tonsillectomy?

2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Elwany ◽  
Y A Nour ◽  
E A Magdy
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Ph Monitoring ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Control Group Group

AbstractIntroduction:Laryngopharyngeal reflux is increasingly being implicated in several otolaryngological disorders.Aims:To study a potential correlation between pre-operative laryngopharyngeal reflux and wound healing and recovery after tonsillectomy, based on subjective and objective findings.Materials and methods:A prospective, blinded study was undertaken, including 60 patients scheduled for tonsillectomy, divided into two equal groups: a study group (group A) with pre-operative laryngopharyngeal reflux documented using ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring; and a control group (group B) without laryngopharyngeal reflux.Results:Group A had significantly higher pain scores on the seventh and 14th post-operative days (p = 0.022 and p = 0.000, respectively) and took a significantly longer time to return to normal eating (p = 0.013), compared with group B. Group A also showed significantly slower healing on the seventh and 14th post-operative days, as estimated by assessing the grade of post-operative slough formation (p = 0.016 and p = 0.029, respectively). A significant correlation between the number of pharyngeal reflux episodes and the degree of post-operative slough was also found.Conclusions:Laryngopharyngeal reflux can significantly decrease wound healing following tonsillectomy. Therefore, pre-operative recognition and management of this condition is desirable in order to eliminate its negative post-operative effect.

Comparison of Post-Operative Quality of Life between Vaginal Hysterectomy and Abdominal Hysterectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1801-1803
Author(s):  
Nazia Sajjad ◽  
Sara Qadir ◽  
Rukhsana Kasi ◽  
Tayyaba Rasheed ◽  
Fozia Unar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Vaginal Hysterectomy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Satisfactory Quality

Objectives: To compare the frequency of satisfactory quality of life between vaginal hysterectomy and abdominal hysterectomy. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niazi Medical & Dental College, Sargodha from 1st April 2020 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Ninety patients were comprised and they were divided in two groups; group A (vaginal hysterectomy) and Group B (abdominal hysterectomy) were performed. Hysterectomies (vaginal or abdominal) were performed by consultant gynecologist having experience at having least 5 years). Results: Mean age of the patients was 49.82±3.207 years, mean age of the patients of group A was 49.82±3.193 years and mean age of the patients of group B was 49.82±3.256 years. Satisfactory quality of life was noted in 38 (84.44%) patients of study group A and 29 (64.44%) patients of study group B. Statistically significant (P = 0.051) difference between the frequency of satisfactory quality of life between the both groups was noted. Conclusion: Results of this study reveals that post hysterectomy quality of life found more satisfactory in vaginal hysterectomy group as compared to abdominal hysterectomy group. Insignificant association of post hysterectomy quality of life with age group, marital status, parity and socio-economical status was found. Findings of this study also revealed that post hysterectomy satisfactory quality of life is not associated with education of the patients. Key words: Hysterectomy, Quality of life, abdomen, vagina, WHO, Uterus

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Diagnostic Method for Mycobacteria Tuberculosis in Suspected Patients

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
AR Khagi ◽  
S Singh ◽  
S Subba ◽  
A Bajracharya ◽  
R Tuladhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Smear Examination ◽  
Group A ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Group B ◽  
Sputum Smear Examination

Background: Microbial examination of smear of AFB by Z-N stain is currently the most rapid method for the detection of M. tuberculosis but its sensitivity is low i.e. required at least 10,000 bacterial cells per ml of sputum and also none specific, but auramine staining method has higher sensitivity than that of the Z-N stain but there are chances of false positive. Objective of this study was to find the correlation between chest X-ray, direct sputum smear examination by Ziehl-Neelsen stain, Auramine fluorochrome stain and sputum culture for M. tuberculosis. Methods: During that study period 250 x 3 samples were taken three each from 250 patients and divided into two groups A and B by performing Auramine fluorochrome stain in all samples . In group A, there were 150 fluorochrome stain positive samples. One each from 150 patient for comparative study of direct sputum smear examination by Ziehl-Neelsen stain, , culture on LJ medium and chest X-ray. Similarly in group B, next 100 fluorochrome stain negative specimens one each from 100 patients were taken for the comparative study of direct sputum smear examination by Ziehl-Neelsen stain, culture and chest X-ray. Results: In the study group A (n=150) all the specimens were positive in Auramine fluorochrome stain and all of them show positive in X-ray but only 134 showed positive in Ziehl-Neelsen stain and 136 showed positive in culture. In the study group B (n=100), all the specimens were negative in Auramine fluorochrome stain and all of them show negative in Ziehl-Neelsen stain but 14 of them were positive in culture and 24 were positive in chest X-ray. Conclusions: The diagnosis of PTB could be made by Auramine fluorochrome microscopy and culture. Key words: auramine fluorochrome stain; culture; mycobacterium tuberculosis; x-ray; ziehl-neelsen. DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v7i2.3012 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol.7(2) Apr 2009 84-88

SUBLINGUAL MISOPROSTOL FOR PREVENTION OF POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE – A RANDOMISED CONTROL TRIAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Anupama Anupama
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Sublingual Misoprostol ◽  
Group A ◽  
Post Partum Haemorrhage ◽  
Group B

Aim – The aim of the study was to study the effect of sublingual misoprostol for prevention of PPH. Materials and Methods – This was a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. Inclusion criteria were women aged 20-40 years with 38-40 weeks of gestation who underwent elective caesarean section. Exclusion criteria were women have risk factors for post-partum haemorrhage, active thromboembolic disease and intrinsic risk for thrombosis. Participants were randomly assigned to misoprostol group or group A (n=50) and placebo group or group B(n=50). Group A received 400µg of sublingual misoprostol after delivery of the baby, group B received placebo tablet at the same time. Primary outcome measures were blood loss from delivery of the placenta to the end of the caesarean section to 2 hours postpartum, haemoglobin estimation was done in all patients pre operatively and 24 hours post operatively and the change in concentration was noted. Secondary outcome measures were need for additional uterotonics, use of additional surgical interventions to control post-partum haemorrhage. Result – Blood loss from both placental delivery to the end of caesarean section and from end of caesarean section to 2 hours postpartum were signicantly lower in the study group. (p<0.0001). Change ifn haemoglobin concentration in study group was also signicantly less than in the control group. (p<0.0001). Total amount of Oxytocin required was signicantly less in the study group (p=0.01). The number of women requiring other oxytocics (inj. Methyl ergometrine, inj. Carboprost) was signicantly less in study group (p=0.0078). Conclusion – Sublingual misoprostol has been found to be effective in preventing PPH.

Correlation between Neopterin, Biopterin and Nitrite/Nitrate in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Child Patients with Neurological Diseases

Pteridines ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Kawakami ◽  
Mayuko Sakamoto ◽  
Ken-ichi Shimada ◽  
Eiji Noguchi ◽  
Kentaro Kuwabara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Aseptic Meningitis ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Febrile Convulsions ◽  
Child Patients ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neopterin been previously reported in various diseases. In this study CSF neopterin, biopterin, and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) Contents were measured and the correlation between them in child patients with various kinds of neurological diseases were investigated. Changes in the CSF neopterin levels in patients with bacterial meningitis were similar to those previously reported for those with bacterial meningitis; on the 2th hospital day they were significantly higher than on admission, and on the 6th hospital day they were tapered. The CSF biopterin levels and CSF NOx content in patients with bacterial meningitis on admission were significantly higher than those with other categories and were decreased gradually. Although patients with high levels of CSF neopterin tended to have high CSF biopterin levels in any categories, there was no significant correlation between CSF neopterin and biopterin levels. The CSF biopterin and NOx levels in patients with convulsions were higher than those with aseptic meningitis. Since the neuro-protective or anticonvulsant role for NO was previously reported, high CSF biopterin and NOx levels in patients having epilepsy or febrile convulsions may be regarded as one of the endogenous mechanisms for recovery from an overexcitatory brain in patients with convulsive diseases.

Dose-intensive cyclophosphamide with etoposide and vincristine for pediatric solid tumors: a phase I/II pilot study by the Australia and New Zealand Childhood Cancer Study Group.

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
L White ◽  
G McCowage ◽  
G Kannourakis ◽  
V Nayanar ◽  
L Colnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Hematologic Toxicity ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Cancer Study ◽  
Cancer Study Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

PURPOSE This pilot study of the Australia and New Zealand Childhood Cancer Study Group investigated the effectiveness and toxicity of a regimen incorporating vincristine (VCR), etoposide, and divided-dose, escalating cyclophosphamide (CPA) (VETOPEC) in 23 patients aged 1 to 20 years with solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventeen patients (group A) had recurrent or refractory tumors after prior multiagent therapy, and six patients (group B) with adverse prognostic indicators were treated at initial presentation. Treatment cycles were 21 to 28 days and consisted of vincristine (0.05 mg/kg) on days 1 and 14, with etoposide (2.5 mg/kg/d) plus escalating CPA on days 1, 2, and 3. The CPA dosage was escalated from 30 mg/kg/d in cycle no. 1 by 5 mg/kg/d in each cycle to a maximum of 55 mg/kg/d in cycle no. 6. RESULTS Of 20 patients assessable for tumor response, 19 (95%) responded after two to six cycles of VETOPEC: seven complete responses (CRs); eight very good partial responses (VGPRs); and four partial responses (PRs). In group A, 13 of 14 (93%) assessable patients responded (five CRs, four VGPRs, four PRs), and in group B, five stage IV and one stage III patient achieved two CRs and four VGPRs. The principal toxicity was myelosuppression. Grade IV neutropenia occurred after 98% of cycles, and the incidence of grade IV thrombocytopenia increased from 37% after cycle no. 1 to 91% after cycle no. 6 (P = .002). A total of 115 cycles delivered were followed by 62 febrile admissions (54%), and showed a significant rise with increasing cycles (P = .001). One patient died of septicemia. CONCLUSION This combination and scheduling produced a high response rate in patients with recurrent, refractory, or advanced solid tumors of childhood. Further studies of this regimen and of strategies to reduce hematologic toxicity are warranted.

scholarly journals Histological studies on the retina and cerebellum of Wistar rats treated with Arteether™

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (01) ◽  
pp. 028-032
Author(s):  
A. Okunlola ◽  
C. Okunlola ◽  
C. Okani ◽  
O. Adewole ◽  
D. Ofusori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cervical Dislocation ◽  
Nissl Stain ◽  
Group B ◽  
Haematoxylin And Eosin Stain ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Group D

Abstract Introduction: Arteether™, a derivative of artemisinin, is among the recent drugs that have given renewed hope for combating malarial menace. The present study investigated the effects of arteether™ on the histology of the retina and cerebellum of Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty adult albino Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g, were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) of five animals each and used for this study. Group A rats were given intramuscular (i.m.) arteether™ (3 mg/kg b.w.) daily for 3 days. Group B rats were given i.m. arteether™ (6 mg/kg b.w.) daily for 3 days. Group C rats were also given i. m. of arteether™ (3 mg/kg b. w.) daily for 3 days, and the same dose was repeated at two-weekly intervals for 4 further weeks; while Group D rats which received normal saline (0.9 % w/v, 3 ml/kg b.w.), served as controls. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The retina and cerebellum were excised and processed routinely for histopathology changes, using haematoxylin and eosin stain (H & E), as well as Nissl stain. Results: Results obtained showed normal cellular components of the retina and cerebellum in all groups, and no cyto-pathological changes were observed. Conclusion: Thus, this study showed that under light microscopic examination, therapeutic doses of arteether™ caused no significant cyto-pathologic changes in the retina and cerebellum of Wistar rats.

The influence of clinical and laboratory factors on the formation of monopronucleated zygotes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

Zygote ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Fabozzi ◽  
Emilia Rega ◽  
Maria Flavia Starita ◽  
Maria Giulia Amendola ◽  
Antonio Colicchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Group ◽  
Stimulation Protocol ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Polar Bodies ◽  
Group A ◽  
Laboratory Variables ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Group B ◽  
Estradiol Levels

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to determine whether clinical or laboratory factors can influence the development of single pronucleated zygotes (1PN) and two polar bodies (PB) after ICSI. In total, 341 ICSI cycles performed at FertiClinic-Villa Margherita from January 2012 to December 2014 were enrolled in the study. Group A included 240 cycles with no 1PN−2PB while group B included 101 cycles with one or more 1PN−2PB. Age, stimulation protocol, infertility factor, amount of gonadotropin administered, duration of therapy, peak estradiol levels, number of follicles at maturation triggering, oocytes retrieved and mature oocytes, time between retrieval and injection and sperm characteristics were compared between groups. In opposition to previous results showing no relationship between 1PN occurrence and clinical or laboratory variables, we observed that 1PN−2PB zygote formation seems to be associated with a lower female age, higher level of E2 and higher number of follicles on day of oocyte maturation triggering, higher number of astenozoospermic male patients, more oocytes retrieved at pick-up, more mature oocytes (MII) and longer time to injection.

scholarly journals Influence of the cerebrospinal fluid laboratory parameters in the ELISA test for neurocysticercosis using a total cysticerci antigen

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane S. Casanova ◽  
Maria José S.P. Ribeiro ◽  
Reizer R. Gonçalves ◽  
Luiz Cláudio Faria ◽  
José Mauro Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Group A ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Group B

To evaluate if the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters may influence the cysticercosis immunoreactivity response in the CSF. CSF samples of 109 patients were analyzed and classified in three groups, according to the neurological manifestations and the reactivity in antibody-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Ab-ELISA) testing in CSF for neurocysticercosis (NC): group A, 18 patients with neurological disorders compatible with NC and reactive Ab-ELISA in CSF for NC; group B, 50 patients with neurological disorders non-compatible with NC and reactive Ab-ELISA for NC; group C, 41 patients with neurological disorders non-compatible with NC and non-reactive Ab-ELISA in CSF for NC. The CSF analysis in group A was compatible with NC. The group B in comparison to the groups A and C presents higher frequency and intensity of hypercytosis, presence of red blood cells in CSF, protein concentration and immunological reactive test for other etiological agents (p<0.05). Based on the present data, we suggest that the inflammatory process and high protein concentration may determine false positive reactions in the Ab-ELISA test for NC in the CSF.

Predictive factors for dural tear and cerebrospinal fluid leakage in patients undergoing lumbar surgery

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony H. Sin ◽  
Gloria Caldito ◽  
Donald Smith ◽  
Mahmoud Rashidi ◽  
Brian Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Dural Tear ◽  
Lumbar Surgery ◽  
History Of Surgery ◽  
Csf Leakage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Object A dural tear resulting in a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is a well-known risk of lumbar spinal procedures. The authors hypothesized that the incidence of CSF leakage is higher in cases involving repeated operations and those in which the surgeon performing the surgery is less experienced; however, they postulated that the overall outcome of the patient would not be adversely affected by a dural tear. Methods An institutional review board–approved protocol at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, was initiated in August 2003 to allow prospective comparison of data obtained in patients in whom a CSF leak occurred (Group A) and those in whom no CSF leak occurred (Group B) during lumbar surgery. Basic demographic information, descriptive findings regarding the tear, history of other surgeries, hospital length of stay (LOS), and immediate disposition at the time of discharge were compared between the two groups. Seventy-seven patients were eligible for this study. One patient refused to participate. In 12 (15.8%) of 76 patients CSF leakage developed. In three patients the presence of a tear was questioned, and the patients were clinically treated as if a tear were present. The patients in Group A were older than those in Group B (59.8 ± 16.9 and 49.4 ± 13.6 years of age, respectively; p = 0.02, Fisher exact test). In terms of those with a history of surgery, there was no significant difference between patients with and patients without a CSF leak (three [25%] of 12 patients [Group A] compared with 28 [43.8%] of 64 patients [Group B]; p = 0.34, two-sample t-test). In the 12 patients with dural tears, nine (75%) were caused by a resident-in-training, and the Kerrison punch was the instrument most often being used at the time (55%). This is significantly greater than 50% at the 5% level (p = 0.044, binomial test). The authors were able to repair the tear primarily with suture in all but one patient, whose tear was along the nerve root sleeve. In all cases fibrin glue and a muscle/fat graft were used to cover the tear, and all patients were assigned to bed rest from 24 to 48 hours after the operation. In Group A one patient required rehabilitation at discharge. The LOS in Group A was greater than that in Group B (median 5 days compared with 3 days), but no additional complication was noted. Conclusions The incidence of CSF leakage was 16% in 76 patients, and there were no other complications. Older patient age and higher level of the surgeon’s training were factors contributing to the incidence, but the history of surgery was not.

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