scholarly journals Typing of mecD Islands in Genetically Diverse Methicillin-Resistant Macrococcus caseolyticus Strains from Cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Schwendener ◽  
Aurélien Nigg ◽  
Alexandra Collaud ◽  
Gudrun Overesch ◽  
Sonja Kittl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Macrococcus caseolyticus belongs to the normal bacterial flora of dairy cows and does not usually cause disease. However, methicillin-resistant M. caseolyticus strains were isolated from bovine mastitis milk. These bacteria had acquired a chromosomal island (McRImecD-1 or McRImecD-2) carrying the methicillin resistance gene mecD. To gain insight into the distribution of McRImecD types in M. caseolyticus from cattle, 33 mecD-containing strains from Switzerland were characterized using molecular techniques, including multilocus sequence typing, antibiotic resistance gene identification, and PCR-based McRImecD typing. In addition, the same genetic features were analyzed in 27 mecD-containing M. caseolyticus strains isolated from bovine bulk milk in England/Wales using publicly available whole-genome sequences. The 60 strains belonged to 24 different sequence types (STs), with strains belonging to ST5, ST6, ST21, and ST26 observed in both Switzerland and England/Wales. McRImecD-1 was found in different STs from Switzerland (n = 19) and England/Wales (n = 4). McRImecD-2 was only found in 7 strains from Switzerland, all of which belonged to ST6. A novel island, McRImecD-3, which contains a complete mecD operon (mecD-mecR1m-mecIm [where the subscript m indicates Macrococcus]) combined with the left part of McRImecD-2 and the right part of McRImecD-1, was found in heterogeneous STs from both collections (Switzerland, n = 7; England/Wales, n = 21). Two strains from England/Wales carried a truncated McRImecD-3. Phylogenetic analyses revealed no clustering of strains according to geographical origin or carriage of McRImecD-1 and McRImecD-3. Circular excisions were also detected for McRImecD-1 and McRImecD-3 by PCR. The analyses indicate that these islands are mobile and may spread by horizontal gene transfer between genetically diverse M. caseolyticus strains. IMPORTANCE Since its first description in 2017, the methicillin resistance gene mecD has been detected in M. caseolyticus strains from different cattle sources and countries. Our study provides new insights into the molecular diversity of mecD-carrying M. caseolyticus strains by using two approaches to characterize mecD elements: (i) multiplex PCR for molecular typing of McRImecD and (ii) read mapping against reference sequences to identify McRImecD types in silico. In combination with multilocus sequence typing, this approach can be used for molecular characterization and surveillance of M. caseolyticus carrying mecD.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus CC398: Host Adaptation and Emergence of Methicillin Resistance in Livestock

mBio ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance B. Price ◽  
Marc Stegger ◽  
Henrik Hasman ◽  
Maliha Aziz ◽  
Jesper Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Animal

ABSTRACTSince its discovery in the early 2000s, methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) clonal complex 398 (CC398) has become a rapidly emerging cause of human infections, most often associated with livestock exposure. We applied whole-genome sequence typing to characterize a diverse collection of CC398 isolates (n= 89), including MRSA and methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA) from animals and humans spanning 19 countries and four continents. We identified 4,238 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among the 89 core genomes. Minimal homoplasy (consistency index = 0.9591) was detected among parsimony-informative SNPs, allowing for the generation of a highly accurate phylogenetic reconstruction of the CC398 clonal lineage. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that MSSA from humans formed the most ancestral clades. The most derived lineages were composed predominantly of livestock-associated MRSA possessing three different staphylococcal cassette chromosomemecelement (SCCmec) types (IV, V, and VII-like) including nine subtypes. The human-associated isolates from the basal clades carried phages encoding human innate immune modulators that were largely missing among the livestock-associated isolates. Our results strongly suggest that livestock-associated MRSA CC398 originated in humans as MSSA. The lineage appears to have undergone a rapid radiation in conjunction with the jump from humans to livestock, where it subsequently acquired tetracycline and methicillin resistance. Further analyses are required to estimate the number of independent genetic events leading to the methicillin-resistant sublineages, but the diversity of SCCmecsubtypes is suggestive of strong and diverse antimicrobial selection associated with food animal production.IMPORTANCEModern food animal production is characterized by densely concentrated animals and routine antibiotic use, which may facilitate the emergence of novel antibiotic-resistant zoonotic pathogens. Our findings strongly support the idea that livestock-associated MRSA CC398 originated as MSSA in humans. The jump of CC398 from humans to livestock was accompanied by the loss of phage-carried human virulence genes, which likely attenuated its zoonotic potential, but it was also accompanied by the acquisition of tetracycline and methicillin resistance. Our findings exemplify a bidirectional zoonotic exchange and underscore the potential public health risks of widespread antibiotic use in food animal production.

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Commercial Swine Herds Is Associated with Disinfectant and Zinc Usage

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 2690-2695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mackenzie Jonathan Slifierz ◽  
Robert M. Friendship ◽  
J. Scott Weese
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Swine Herds

ABSTRACTMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) originating from swine is concerning for public health, but an understanding of the emergence and persistence of MRSA in nursery herds is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine whether MRSA in nursery pigs is associated with particular herd-level parameters, including the use of antimicrobials, disinfectants, and heavy metals, which may be driving the selection and persistence of antimicrobial resistance. Nasal cultures for MRSA were completed for 390 pigs from 26 farms at the end of the suckling phase and again at 3 weeks postweaning. Herd-level information was collected, and a random subset of MRSA isolates was screened for resistance to zinc and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). Multivariate analysis revealed that in-feed concentrations of zinc (P< 0.001) and frequent disinfection of nursery pens (P< 0.001) are associated with MRSA shedding in nursery pigs. Furthermore, 62.5% (25/40) of MRSA isolates carried the zinc resistance geneczrCand demonstrated decreased susceptibility to zinc. All MRSA isolates carried at least 1 QAC resistance gene. The most common genotype wasqacG qacH smr, which occurred in 32.5% (13/40) of isolates. Seven isolates (17.5%) demonstrated a significant tolerance to benzalkonium chloride, indicating a potential to survive commercial QAC exposure in the presence of organic matter. Overall, these findings indicate that high levels of in-feed zinc and QAC-based disinfectants are important drivers in the selection and persistence of MRSA in commercial swine herds, and these agents may be coselecting for other antimicrobial resistance genes.

scholarly journals New Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B Resistance Gene erm(48) on the Novel Plasmid pJW2311 in Staphylococcus xylosus

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette R. K. Wipf ◽  
Matthew C. Riley ◽  
Stephen A. Kania ◽  
David A. Bemis ◽  
Sabrina Andreis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Staphylococcus Xylosus ◽  
Macrolide Resistance Gene

ABSTRACT Whole-genome sequencing of Staphylococcus xylosus strain JW2311 from bovine mastitis milk identified the novel 49.3-kb macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance plasmid pJW2311. It contained the macrolide resistance gene mph(C), the macrolide-streptogramin B resistance gene msr(A), and the new MLSB resistance gene erm(48) and could be transformed into Staphylococcus aureus by electroporation. Functionality of erm(48) was demonstrated by cloning and expression in S. aureus.

scholarly journals Plasmid with Colistin Resistance Genemcr-1in Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Pig Slurry in Estonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 6933-6936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Age Brauer ◽  
Kaidi Telling ◽  
Mailis Laht ◽  
Piret Kalmus ◽  
Irja Lutsar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Dna Transfer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Slurry Sample

ABSTRACTA plasmid carrying the colistin resistance genemcr-1was isolated from a pig slurry sample in Estonia. The gene was present on a 33,311-bp plasmid of the IncX4 group.mcr-1is the only antibiotic resistance gene on the plasmid, with the other genes mainly coding for proteins involved in conjugative DNA transfer (taxA,taxB,taxC,trbM, and thepilXoperon). The plasmid pESTMCR was present in three phylogenetically very differentEscherichia colistrains, suggesting that it has high potential for horizontal transfer.

72 A One-health Perspective on S. aureus Induced Mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 39-40
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu ◽  
Pierre Lacasse
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
One Health ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Cell Counts

Abstract Bovine mastitis, commonly caused by bacteria, is one of the most devastating diseases for the dairy industry worldwide, with high economic, social, and public health impacts. Among the pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading pathogens in most countries. Success rate of antibiotic treatment is low such that effective control of S. aureus induced mastitis is currently only possible through prevention of new infections and culling of infected animals. The infection is usually subclinical, causing elevated somatic cell counts but no detectable changes in milk or the udder. S. aureus persists in mammary glands, teat canals, and teat lesions of infected cows and is transmitted to other cows during milking. The direct evidence of cross-species transmission of S. aureus is still scarce. Nevertheless, accumulating indirect evidence supports the zoonotic potential for S. aureus from bovine mastitis to humans. In addition to direct contact, aerosol exposures may also be an important mechanism for the transmission. While animal-adapted livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus has been known for many years, most S. aureus isolated from mastitic milk in Canada are methicillin-sensitive. S. aureus induced mastitis is a common reason for therapeutic and/or prophylactic use of antibiotics on dairy farms. Occurrence of multidrug resistant, especially methicillin-resistant, S. aureus has been a major public health concern. In this talk, we will address the pathogenesis and strain spectrum of S. aureus induced bovine mastitis, review existing evidence for inter-species transmission, and discuss possible transmission of methicillin-resistance determinants. This talk aims to emphasize the need for the one-health approach for prevention and treatment of S. aureus induced mastitis, in order to provide safe and nutritious milk and milk products to consumers.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Macrococcus caseolyticus Strain JSCS5402, Reflecting the Ancestral Genome of the Human-Pathogenic Staphylococci

2008 ◽  
Vol 191 (4) ◽  
pp. 1180-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Baba ◽  
Kyoko Kuwahara-Arai ◽  
Ikuo Uchiyama ◽  
Fumihiko Takeuchi ◽  
Teruyo Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Small Chromosome ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Family ◽  
Genome Nucleotide Sequence

ABSTRACT We isolated the methicillin-resistant Macrococcus caseolyticus strain JCSC5402 from animal meat in a supermarket and determined its whole-genome nucleotide sequence. This is the first report on the genome analysis of a macrococcal species that is evolutionarily closely related to the human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis. The essential biological pathways of M. caseolyticus are similar to those of staphylococci. However, the species has a small chromosome (2.1 MB) and lacks many sugar and amino acid metabolism pathways and a plethora of virulence genes that are present in S. aureus. On the other hand, M. caseolyticus possesses a series of oxidative phosphorylation machineries that are closely related to those in the family Bacillaceae. We also discovered a probable primordial form of a Macrococcus methicillin resistance gene complex, mecIRAm , on one of the eight plasmids harbored by the M. caseolyticus strain. This is the first finding of a plasmid-encoding methicillin resistance gene. Macrococcus is considered to reflect the genome of ancestral bacteria before the speciation of staphylococcal species and may be closely associated with the origin of the methicillin resistance gene complex of the notorious human pathogen methicillin-resistant S. aureus.

scholarly journals Role of the Accessory Gene Regulatoragrin Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pathogenesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 1927-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Y. C. Cheung ◽  
Rong Wang ◽  
Burhan A. Khan ◽  
Daniel E. Sturdevant ◽  
Michael Otto
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Accessory Gene ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fibrinogen Binding ◽  
Gene Regulatory System ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Mrsa Strains

ABSTRACTThe molecular basis underlying the pathogenic success of community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA) is not completely understood, but differential gene expression has been suggested to account at least in part for the high virulence of CA-MRSA strains. Here, we show that theagrgene regulatory system has a crucial role in the development of skin infections in the most prevalent CA-MRSA strain USA300. Importantly, our data indicate that this is due to discrepancies between theagrregulon of CA-MRSA and those of hospital-associated MRSA and laboratory strains. In particular,agrregulation in strain USA300 led to exceptionally strong expression of toxins and exoenzymes, upregulation of fibrinogen-binding proteins, increased capacity to bind fibrinogen, and increased expression of methicillin resistance genes. Our findings demonstrate thatagrfunctionality is critical for CA-MRSA disease and indicate that an adaptation of theagrregulon contributed to the evolution of highly pathogenic CA-MRSA.

scholarly journals Origin in Acinetobacter guillouiae and Dissemination of the Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzyme Aph(3′)-VI

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Jeong Yoon ◽  
Sylvie Goussard ◽  
Marie Touchon ◽  
Lenka Krizova ◽  
Gustavo Cerqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Promoter Strength ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Acinetobacter Guillouiae

ABSTRACTThe amikacin resistance geneaphA6was first detected in the nosocomial pathogenAcinetobacter baumanniiand subsequently in other genera. Analysis of 133 whole-genome sequences covering the taxonomic diversity ofAcinetobacterspp. detectedaphA6in the chromosome of 2 isolates ofA. guillouiae, which is an environmental species, 1 of 8A. parvusisolates, and 5 of 34A. baumanniiisolates. The gene was also present in 29 out of 36A. guillouiaeisolates screened by PCR, indicating that it is ancestral to this species. ThePnativepromoter foraphA6inA. guillouiaeandA. parvuswas replaced inA. baumanniibyPaphA6, which was generated by use of the insertion sequence ISAba125, which brought a −35 sequence. Study of promoter strength inEscherichia coliandA. baumanniiindicated thatPaphA6was four times more potent thanPnative. There was a good correlation between aminoglycoside MICs andaphA6transcription inA. guillouiaeisolates that remained susceptible to amikacin. The marked topology differences of the phylogenetic trees ofaphA6and of the hosts strongly support its recent direct transfer withinAcinetobacterspp. and also to evolutionarily remote bacterial genera. Concomitant expression ofaphA6must have occurred because, contrary to the donors, it can confer resistance to the new hosts. Mobilization and expression ofaphA6via composite transposons and the upstream IS-generating hybridPaphA6, followed by conjugation, seems the most plausible mechanism. This is in agreement with the observation that, in the recipients,aphA6is carried by conjugative plasmids and flanked by IS that are common inAcinetobacterspp. Our data indicate that resistance genes can also be found in susceptible environmental bacteria.IMPORTANCEWe speculated that theaphA6gene for an enzyme that confers resistance to amikacin, the most active aminoglycoside for the treatment of nosocomial infections due toAcinetobacterspp., originated in this genus before disseminating to phylogenetically distant genera pathogenic for humans. Using a combination of whole-genome sequencing of a collection ofAcinetobacterspp. covering the breadth of the known taxonomic diversity of the genus, gene cloning, detailed promoter analysis, study of heterologous gene expression, and comparative analysis of the phylogenetic trees ofaphA6and of the bacterial hosts, we found thataphA6originated inAcinetobacter guillouiae, an amikacin-susceptible environmental species. The gene conferred, upon mobilization, high-level resistance to the new hosts. This work stresses that nonpathogenic bacteria can act as reservoirs of resistance determinants, and it provides an example of the use of a genomic library to study the origin and dissemination of an antibiotic resistance gene to human pathogens. 

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of Three Important Methicillin-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Riley ◽  
Vincent Perreten ◽  
David A. Bemis ◽  
Stephen A. Kania
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
North America ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

We report the first complete genome sequences of three predominant clones (ST68, ST71, and ST84) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in North America. All strains were isolated from canine infections and have different SCC mec elements and antibiotic resistance gene patterns.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus aureus – like strains isolated from table eggs

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Pyzik ◽  
Agnieszka Marek ◽  
Tomasz Hauschild
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

AbstractThe aim of the study was to provide a detailed phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus strains and the group of microorganisms with unusual biochemical patterns (called Staphylococcus aureus-like) isolated from table chicken eggs. All of the strains tested exhibited resistance to at least one of the 17 antibiotics tested, and 55.55% of isolates were found to be resistant to five or more of them. PCR used for detection of the methicillin resistance gene (mecA) confirmed the presence of a specific product of 533 bp in the case of two of the isolated S. aureus-like strains. Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship between eight of S. aureus and ten S. aureus-like strains distinguished 18 macrorestriction profiles following digestion with SmaI endonuclease, indicating that there were no identical strains with the same macrorestriction profile. However, the presence of methicillin-resistant strains indicates a serious risk to consumer health.

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